See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/332407655

SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF SOXHLET EXTRACTION PROCESS IN PHYTOCHEMICAL

RESEARCH

Article · April 2019

CITATIONS READS

11 11,564

2 authors, including:

Gopalasatheeskumar Kasiramar
Annamalai University
42 PUBLICATIONS   41 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Development of herbal formulations for diabetes View project

Research View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Gopalasatheeskumar Kasiramar on 14 April 2019.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Mintage Journal of Pharmaceutical & Medical Sciences
Vol 7, Suppl 1, 2018
SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF SOXHLET EXTRACTION PROCESS IN PHYTOCHEMICAL
RESEARCH
K.GOPALASATHEESKUMAR
KMCH College of Pharmacy, Kovai Estate, Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore-641048, Tamil Nadu, India.Email:gskpungai@gmail.com
Received - 01.02.2018; Reviewed and accepted - 20.02.2018
ABSTRACT
Soxhlet extraction is also known as the hot continuous extraction process the main advantage of this method is complete extraction in minimum amount of solvent. Aim and
Objectives: This review is focused on various pre extraction process of plant materials for soxhlet extraction and the working principles, advantages of soxhlet apparatus.
The objective of this review is collection of diverse literature and documented the soxhlet extractor used by researchers. Conclusion: In this review concluded that the solvent
selection, drying of the plant, size reduction, size separation of the plant materials is important for the extraction process and this review is useful to the appropriate usage of
soxhlet apparatus in phytochemical research.
Key words: Methanol, Particle size, defatting, Pre-extraction, Hot continuous extraction
INTRODUCTION
In 2000 BC people ate the part of plants to cure the disease, 1850
AD drink the portion of the plants, and after 1940 AD they swallow
the synthetic pills for treatment but in 2000 AD again peoples start
eating the part of the plant to cure the diseases because synthetic
pills produces the unwanted effects in the human. [1] Nowadays
phyto-medicines are essential for the cure diseases. The
Researchers particular compounds responsible treatment. The
isolated compounds are manufactured into pills or various
formulations for dispensing. So that isolation of the
phyoconstituents is essential for current research in medicine. In
the isolation of compounds from diverse medicinal plants,
extraction is the first step in isolating the phytoconstituents from
the plants.[2,42] Various techniques employed in extraction
processes are maceration, infusion, Digestion, decoction,
Percolation, Soxhlet Extraction, fermentation, counter‐current
extraction (CCE), ultrasound extraction and Supercritical Fluid
Extraction (SFE). This review is mainly focused on the various
features of the soxhlet extraction technique.
Soxhlet extractor
A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus designed in
1879 by Franz von Soxhlet. The construction of the soxhlet
extractor is shown in the figure.1.
Fig. 1: Soxhlet extractor
The soxhlet extractor setup consists of a round bottom flask,
siphon tube, distillation path, expansion adapter, condenser,
cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet, heat source and thimble.
In this method, powdered sample is enclosed in a porous bag or
“thimble” made from a strong filter paper or cellulose, which is
placed, is in thimble chamber of the Soxhlet apparatus. Extraction
solvent is taken in the round bottom flask and heated by using
Vol 7 Suppl 1, Jan - Mar 2018 www.mintagejournals.com
ISSN: 2320-3315
Research Article
heating source like heating mantle. The heating temperature is
built on the solvent employed to extraction. Due to heat the
solvent in the bottom flask vaporizes into the condenser and then
drip back to the sample thimble. When liquid content reaches the
siphon arm, the liquid contents emptied into the bottom flask
again and the process is the end of the process is indicated the
clear solution in the siphon tube. The benefit of this system is
possible that instead of many portions of warm solvent being
passed through the sample, just one batch of solvent is recycled.
This method is not suitable for thermo labile compounds as
extended heating may lead to degradation of compounds.[43]
This method maintains a relatively high extraction temperature
with heat from the distillation flask. No filtration of the extract is
required and the displacement of transfer equilibrium by
frequently carrying fresh solvent into contact with the solid
matrix.[3,4]
Pre-extraction preparation of plant samples for soxhlet
extraction
The first step of studying medicinal plants is the creation of plant
samples to preserve the phytoconstituents in the plants earlier to
extraction. Plants materials like leaves, stem, barks, roots, fruit
and flowers are then used for the extraction. The following criteria
are essential prior to the extraction.
Selection and collection of plant materials
The selection and the collection of plant material are important in
making efficient phyto constituent isolation. The disease free and
healthy plants only selected for the plant extraction which is
protected from weeds and insect. And the numerous factors
involved in the collection of the plant materials. NRCS (Natural
resources conservation service) Plant Materials Program created
the guidelines for the collection of plant material, which includes
the collection of seed and vegetative collections.[5,44] This
guideline explains the relevant collection time, collection
techniques, processing and storage of plant materials.
Drying of plant materials
The drying process is important for the extraction of plant
materials, the fresh plant materials are having the active enzymes
which is produces the active constituents intermediates and
metabolic reactions in the plant materials, so that the drying is
important for the pre-extraction preparation of plant
materials[7,45]. Many of the researchers are drying the plant in air
dry process under the shade in the dark room because the
overheat can losses the volatile substances from plant materials
and some of the light sensitive constituents may losses in light
condition. And some of the dry methods like Microwave Drying,
43
 Mintage journal of Pharmaceutical &Medical Sciences│ 43-47

Oven Drying, Silica Gel or Salt drying and freeze drying process
also used for the drying of plant materials.
Grinding and size reduction
Grinding and size reduction is the essential for the soxhlet
extraction process because smaller the particle size greater the
surface area of the powdered particles. Large surface area
improves the contact of the powdered particles with the solvent
used for extraction.[8] and hence efficient extraction takes place.
Various grinding and milling methods are employed for size
reduction. Such as Hammer Mill, Fixed Head Mill, Plate Mill,
Roller Mill and Cutter Mills.
Size separation/sieving
The size separation is important for efficient soxhlet extraction.
Uniform powdered particle size provides maximum extraction as
the solvent can pass uniformly through the powdered particles
packed in the thimble. The very fine powder and very coarse
powders are not suitable for effective extraction. The very fine
powder may produce the beds during extraction and very coarse
powders delay the extraction process.[9] The size separation is
done by the sieving method and the determination of particle size
by the sieving method, microscopic method etc.[10] Various
researchers used the various particle size ranges for various plant
materials in soxhlet extraction process which is mentioned in the
table.1.

TABLE 1: PARTICLE SIZE RANGE FOR SOXHLET EXTRACTION

S.n Name of the Plant Part of the plant Sieve mesh number/ Particle size Researcher
o material range / Type of powder
1. Zanthoxylumrhetsa(ROXB.) DC Stem Coarse powder Gopalasatheeskumar et al. [2]
2. Tecomastans, Muntingiacalabura Leaves Sieve mesh 40 Boopathiet al. [4]
3. Bougainvillea glabra Leaves Coarse powder Elumalai A et al. [11]
4. Angelica archangelica Whole plant Sieve mesh 40 Kumar et al.[12]
5. Barleriaprionitis Leaves Fine powder Bhavna H et al. [13]
6. Cucumismelo Linn. Peels Coarse powder/sieve mesh 120 Dhanaji D et al. [14]
7. Vignamungo Linn Seeds Sieve mesh 22 SaleemAhmed et al. [15]
8. Erythrinafusca Stem bark Sieve mesh 20 [38] SubalDebnath et al. [16]
9. Rumexhastatus Roots Sieve mesh 40 Shakuntalaet al. [17]
10. Gardenia latifolia Leaves particle size- 0.3mm Vindhyaet al. [18]
11. Merremiaemarginata Whole plant Coarse powder PurushothPrabhu et al. [19]
12. Passiflorafoetida Leaves Fine powder Mangalaet al. [20]
13. Cordiasubcordata Lam. Bark Sieve mesh 40 PandiSelvi A et al. [21]
14. Euphorbia hirta L.[39] Stems Coarse powder Sanjay Ret al. [22]
15. Eclipta alba Aerial parts Sieve mesh 40 Patel MB et al. [23]
16. Clitoriaternatea Linn Leaves Sieve mesh 60-120 Shital S. Chavan et al. [24]
The size of the particles stated as a number which corresponds to the mesh screen size of a sieve. The screen size indicates the number of
openings in the mesh screen per inch. In Table.2 mentioned the sieve number and particle size.
Table 2: Types of Particle Size Ranges of Powder
S. no Mesh Sieve Number Description Term(Powder type) Particle size
Microns Millimeters [40]
1. 2 - 10 Very Coarse > 1000 >1
2. 20 - 40 Coarse 3551000 0.35-1.00
3. 40 - 80 Moderately Coarse 180-355 0.80-0.35
4. 80 - 120 Fine 125-180 0.12-0.18
5. 120-200 Very Fine 90 - 125 0.09-0.12
Selection of solvent for soxhlet extraction main solvent like alcohol or aqueous extraction was performed.
Some of the plant materials the defatting is essential because the
The selection of the solvent for soxhlet extraction is based on the waxy substances produce the emulsification process with the
phyto constituent isolation process. The solvent should be easy to solvent and interferes the extraction process. [54] Methanol is the
remove and inert. Normally the solvent selection is based on the semi polar solvent which can extract many of the
increasing polarity order like the order of acetone, petroleum phytoconstituents and water is the polar solvent which is cheap
ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, ethanol and water.[46- solvent and nontoxic.[25] Numbers of polar constituents are
50,53] The petroleum ether is commonly used for the extraction of isolated by water and which is also suitable for the animal studies
the steroids and fixed oils, and also used for the removal of the and human studies. The solvent suitable for phytoconstituents is
chlorophyll from the leaf powder; some of the researchers uses set out in the table 3. And some researchers extracted plant
petroleum ether for defatting of the plant material. After defatting, material by using soxhlet method which is shown in the table 4.

Table 3: Selection of Solvent for Active Constituent Extraction for Soxhlet Extraction [26]
Non polar solvent Semi polar solvent Polar solvent
Examples Petroleum ether, chloroform, Diethyl Ethanol, Acetone Water
ether
Phyto constituents Alkaloids Tannins Anthocyanins
Terpenoids Polyphenols Starches
Coumarins Polyacetylenes Tannins
Fatty acids Flavonols Saponins
Flavonoids Terpenoids Terpenoids
Sterols Polypeptides
Alkaloids Lectins

Vol 7 Suppl1, Jan - Mar 2018 www.mintagejournals.com 44

 Mintage journal of Pharmaceutical &Medical Sciences│ 43-47

Table 4: Various Plant Materials for Soxhlet Extraction

S.no Plant name Part of the Solvent for extraction / Active component Medicinal Researche
plant Percentage yield uses r
1. Bougainville Leaves Methanol Steroids, Flavonoids, Glycosides Analgesic, Elumalai A
a glabra Terpenoid Antipyretic et al.
and Anti-
inflammatory
2. Clitoriaterna Leaves Petroleum Steroids, Analgesic Shital S
tea Linn Ether Glycoside, Flavonoids, activity Chavan et
(3.95% w/w) Tannins, al.
Alkaloids.
3. Sida Leaves, Ethanol Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Anthelmintic Lavanyaet
cordata flowers, fruits Alkaloids, Flavonoids, al.
Tannins,Polyphenols.
4. Hygrophilad Aerial parts Petroleum ether, Cardiac glycosides, Tannins, Anthelmintic EmdadHos
ifformis Benzene, Chloroform and Steroids,FlavonoidsSaponins sain et al.
Ethanol [27]
(4.26, 3.25, 1.85, 9.17%
w/w)
5. Zanthoxylu Stem Benzene, Flavonoids,Glycosides, Alkaloids, anti in- Parthiban
mrhetsa Ethanol, Water Aleurone, Starch,Amino acids, flammatory et al. [28]
Lignin, Volatile oil,Fats, Fixed oils,
Mucilage, Pectins,Proteins,Steroids,
Triterpenoids.
6. Tecomasta Leaves Petroleum ether, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Tannins, Anti-microbial Boopathi et
nsandMunti Ethanol Flavonoids, Steroids, activity al.
ngiacalabur Saponins, Terpenoids.
a
7. Eclipta alba Aerial parts 50%Ethanol [41] Voside, Saponin, ß Avonoid, Tannin, Antianaphylac Patel MB
Alkaloid,Coumarins. tic et al.
8. Euphorbia Stems Petroleum ether (3.38%), Steroids, Alkaloids, Flavonoids Anti-Allergic Sanjay R.
hirta L. Ethyl acetate (2.58%), Triterpenoids Arote et al.
Methanol (4.42%) Water
(2.68%)
9. Cordiasubc Bark Ethanol - Anti-asthmatic PandiSelvi
ordata Lam. (18.5% w/w) activity et al.
10. Alternanthe Stems 50% Methanol (20% Alkaloids, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Antiasthmatic Mamillapall
rasessilis L. w/w) Tannins, Flavonoids, Steroids, iVani et al.
Amino acids, Proteins [28]
11. Passiflorafo Leaves Methanol - Antidepressan Mangala et
etida t al.
12. Carissa Leaves Petroleum ether, Tannins, Anti- Neeli Rose
spinarum Chloroform, Ethanol Flavonoids,Alkaloid,Steroids. inflammatory Beck et al.
Water (1.12%, 0.61%, [29]
5.63% and 9.88% w/w)
13. Centellaasi Leaves Methanol Polyphenolic content, Triterpenoids, Anti- MeenaVan
atica (13.3 %) Flavonoids. inflammatory galapati et
al. [30]
14. Merremiae Whole plant Ethanol Flavonoids, Terpenes, Anticancer Purushoth
marginata Alkaloids Prabhu et
al.
15. Gardenia Leaves Ethanol Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Cytotoxic Vindhya et
latifolia Glycosides, Phytosterols, Tannins, activity al.
Resins
16. Rumexhast Roots Ethanol Anthraquinone, Glycoside, Antidiarrhoeal Shakuntala
atus Tannins,Flavonoids activity el al.
17. Anthocepha Flowering tops 70% Ethanol Tannins, Antidiarrhoeal AshrafulAla
luscadamba Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, activity m et al.
SterolTriterpenes [32]
18. Erythrinafus Stem Bark 70% Ethanol - Anti‐epileptic SubalDebn
ca activity ath et al.
19. Vignamung Seeds Ethanol extract Alkaloids, Carbohydrate, Glycoside, Nootropic Saleem
o Linn Phytosterol,Tannins,Saponins,Pheno activity Ahmed et
ls,Proteins al.
20. Cucumisme Peels Petroleum ether, Carbohydrate, Flavonoids, Saponin, Anti- Dhanaji D
lo Linn. Chloroform, Tannins[52] hyperlipidemic Ghanwat et
MethanolDistilled water activity al.
(8.2, 10.1, 4.2, 8.5% w/w)
21. Barleriaprio Leaves Methanol Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Antihypertensi Bhavna H.
nitis . Saponins,Tannin,Phenolic ve activity Marya et
compounds al.
22. Aeglemarm Leaves Ethanol - Anti-obesity Randhir
elos activity Singh et al.
[33]

Vol 7 Suppl1, Jan - Mar 2018 www.mintagejournals.com 45

 Mintage journal of Pharmaceutical &Medical Sciences│ 43-47

23. Canthiumco Leaves Chloroform, Steroids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, antioxidant DinakarSa

romandelic MethanolDistilled water
um (6,4,5.10% w/w)
24. Aervalanata Stem Distilled water.
25. Angelica Whole plant Methanol
archangelic (12.8%w/w)
a
Post extraction process
After the soxhlet extraction process the extracted materials are
allowed to the following processes like concentrate the extract,
evaporate the solvent and storage of the extract. The distillation
process or various evaporators are used for the isolation of
extract from solvent. Many researchers uses Rotary evaporator
and the distillation methods, and also normal air drying process
used to the concentrate extract.[36,37] After collecting the extract
it is stored in a well closed container and covered with a
aluminium foil and stored in the refrigerator. The extract is diluted
with the solvent and administered to animals or further isolation
process by using various separation techniques like
chromatography.
CONCLUSION
The soxhlet extractor is the tool to extract the plant materials used
by many researchers and this review explains the various pre
extraction process and post extraction process of the soxhlet
extractor. In this review it is concluded that the solvent selection,
drying of the plant, size reduction, size separation of the plant
materials are important for extraction process and this review is
useful to the proper usage of soxhlet apparatus in phytochemical
research.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
K.Gopalasatheeskumar is thankful to V.Sanish Devan, M.Sanjay,
M.Thanga Kokila, J.Kanupriya, and V.Srividhya. Who has helped
me to gather fine details on this work. And I expressed thanks to
my mother and sisters for our sincere support.
REFERENCES
1. AmitaPandey, ShaliniTripathi. Concept of standardization,
extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for
herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
2014; 2 (5): 115-119
2. Gopalasatheeskumar K, Parthiban S, Manimaran T,
Boopathi T. Phytochemical Screening on Various Extracts
(Benzene, Ethanolic and Aqueous) of Stem Parts of
ZanthoxylumRhetsa (Roxb.) Dc. International Journal of
Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences. 2017; 6(2):79-91
3. SharadVisht, Swati Chaturvedi. Isolation of Natural Products.
Current Pharma Research. 2012; 2(3):584-599
4. Handa SS, Khanuja SPS, Longo G, Rakesh DD. Extraction
Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.
International centre for science and high technology, Trieste,
2008, 21-25
5. Boopathi T. Gopalasatheeskumar K, Parthiban S, Sangeetha
G, ThangaKokila M, Manimaran T. Evaluation of
Antimicrobial Activity of TecomaStans and
MuntingiaCalabura. 2007; 6(3): 617-627
6. Parthiban S, Gopalasatheeskumar K, Boopathi T, Sangeetha
G, ThangaKokila M, SanishDevan V. In Vitro Anti
Inflammatory Activity of Stem of ZanthoxylumRhetsa (Roxb.)
Dc. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017; 6(3):
591-600
7. Handa SS, Khanuja SPS, Longo G, Rakesh DD. Extraction
Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.
International centre for science and high technology, Trieste,
2008, 21-25
8. Das K, Tiwari RKS, Shrivastava DK. Techniques for
evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent:
Current methods and future trends. Journal of Medicinal
Plants Research 2010; 4(2):104-111
Saponins, Flavonoids, Phenolic property smal et al.
compounds, Tannins, Triterpenoids, [34]
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats[50,51]
Phenolic compounds, Saponins, Anti-ulcer RajithaIndu
Flavonoids, Tannins kuri et al.
Phyto sterols [35]
- Anti-anxiety Kumar et
Activity al.
9. Ncube NS, Afolayan AJ, Okoh AI. Assessment techniques of
antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin:
current methods and future trends. African Journal of
Biotechnology. 2008; 7(12):1797-1806
10. Rahmalia W, Fabre JF, Mouloungui Z. Effects of
Cyclohexane/Acetone Ratio on Bixin Extraction Yield by
Accelerated Solvent Extraction Method. Procedia Chem.
2015; 14:455-464
11. Elumalai A, ChinnaEswaraiah M, KarishaMadhaviLahari,
Hamed Ali Shaik. In-vivo screening of Bougainvillea glabra
leaves for its Analgesic, Antipyreticand Anti-inflammatory
activities. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2012; 2(3):85-87
12. Shital S, Ravindra S, Deepak K, Someshwar D, Godge RK.
Evaluation of Analgesic Activity and PhytochemicalScreening
of Clitoriaternatea Linn. British Journal of Pharmaceutical
Research. 2015; 6(4):255-260
13. Lavanya M, Anusha G, SeshuLavanya R, Mary
PrasannaKumari B, Anand Kumar P, Parvathi M et al., In-
vitro Comparative Study of Anthelmintic Activity of
Mukiamaderaspatana and Sidacordata.International journal
of pharmaceutical and chemical sciences. 2013; 2(2):1020-
1024
14. KrishanuSamanta, EmdadHossain, Dilip Kumar Pal.
Anthelmintic Activity of Hygrophiladifformis.BlumeJournal of
Buffalo Science. 2012; 1:35-38
15. Patel MB, Panchal SJ, Patel JA.Antianaphylactic Activity of
Alcoholic Extract of Ecliptaalba. J Young Pharm.
2009;1(3):244-250
16. Sanjay R, MangalM.Anti-Allergic Activity of Euphorbia Hirta
L. Stem. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical
Research. 2016; 6(11):6869- 6874
17. PandiSelvi A, Rajkumar S, Sandhya G. Anti-asthmatic
activity of leaves of Cordiasubcordata Lam. (Boraginaceae).
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology.
2011; 1(1):1-3
18. MamillapalliVani, Abdul RahamanSK,AvulaPrameelaRani.In
vivo antiasthmatic studies and phytochemical
characterization on the stem extracts of Alternantherasessilis
L. using Guinea pigs model. Journal of Entomology and
Zoology Studies. 2017; 5(2):1160-1171
19. Santosh P, Venugopl R, Nilakash AS, Kunjbihari S, Mangala
L. Antidepressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of
Passiflorafoetida Leaves in Mice. International Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 3(1):112-115
20. Neeli Rose Beck, Kamta Prasad Namdeo. Evaluation of In-
Vivo Anti-inflammatory activity of leaves extract of Carissa
spinarum on Formalin Induced Paw Edema in Albino Rats.
UK Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biosciences. 2016;
4(1):36-40
21. SeemaChaitanyaChippada, MeenaVangalapati. Antioxidant,
an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of
Centellaasiatica extracts. Journal of Chemical, Biological and
Physical Sciences.2011; 1(2):260– 269
22. PurushothPrabhu T, Panneerselvam P,
SelvakumariS.Udhumansha U, ShanthaA.Anticancer Activity
of Merremiaemarginata (Burm.F) Against Human Cervical
and Breast Carcinoma. International Journal of Research
and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences. 2012;
1(4):189-192
23. Vindhya K, LeelavathiS.In-vitro Cytotoxic Activities of Leaf
Extract of Gardenia LatifoliaAit and Gardenia Gummifera
Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Research. 2014; 5(11):4977-4980
24. Shakuntala, PushpBharti, NeetuSachan, Phool Chandra,
KavitaGahlot. Evaluation of Antidiarrhoeal activity of extract

Vol 7 Suppl1, Jan - Mar 2018 www.mintagejournals.com 46

 Mintage journal of Pharmaceutical &Medical Sciences│ 43-47

from roots of Rumexhastatus (Family: Polygonaceae) on 38. Heuer S, Richter S, Metzger JW, Wray V, Nimtz M, Strack D.
experimental animals. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Betacyanins and flavonoids from bracts of Bougainvillea
Science.2011; 1(6):182-185 glabra. Phytochem. 1994; 37:761-767
25. Ashraful M, RaushanaraAkter, NusratSubhan, 39. Sagayaraj T, Ramesh Kannan N, Bastin Churchill M, Antonie
MostafizurRahman M, Muntasir M, LutfunNaharet al., Label L, Natarajan E. Antimicrobial properties of
Antidiarrhoeal property of the hydroethanolic extract of the Mukiamaderaspatana. Indian J applied & Pure Bio. 2011;
flowering tops of Anthocephaluscadamba. Brazilian Journal 26(1):1– 4
of Pharmacognosy.2008; 18(2):155-159 40. Lavanya B, Ramya Krishna PS, Nagarjuna S and
26. SubalDebnath, Kannadasan M, SoumikGhosh, Padmanabhareddy Y. In-vitro comparative study of
NansriSahaGhosh, Raja Chakraborty, Saikat Sen. anthelmintic activity of Brassica juncea and Brassica
Antiepileptic Activity of The Hydroalcoholic Extract of oleracea. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2011;4(9):29-07
ErythrinaFuscaLourBark Against The Animal Models of PTZ 41. Panyarachun B, Sobhon P, Tinikul Y, Chotwiwatthanakun C,
InducedEpilepticSeizureModels.International Journal of Anupunpisit V, Anuracpreeda P. Paramphistomumcervi:
Chemistry Research. 2010; 1(2):6-10 Surface topography of the tegument of adult fluke.
27. Saleem Ahmed, Sridhar KA, Syed Aamir ExpParasitol 2010; 125: 95-99
,SalahuddinMD,MonowarHussain, Sajjadpasha.An 42. Pal DK, Samanta K. CNS activities of ethanol extract of
Experimental Study of Ethanolic Seed Extract of aerial parts of Hygrophiladifformis in mice.
VignaMungo Linn. For Nootropic Activity on Albino Rats. ActaPoloniacPharmaceutica-Drug Res 2011; 68: 75-81
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016; 15(3):91-95 43. Das HB, Majumdar K, Datta BK and Debasis R.
28. Dhanaji D Ghanwat, Jayant S Bidkar, Madhuri D Bhujbal, Ethanomedicinal uses of plants Tripuri and Reang tribes of
Ganesh Y Dama.Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Tripura. Natural Product Radiance. 2009; 8:173-174
Cucumismelo Fruit Peel Different Extract in Triton X-100 44. Savita D Patil, Sameer V Ahale, Sanjay J Surana. Evaluation
Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats. International Journal of of antiasthmatic activity and anaphylactic activity of
Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences. 2012; 1(1):1-13 Balanitesaegyptica (Delile), Balanitaceae. Asian Journal of
29. Bhavna H Marya, BotharaSB. Investigation of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2011; 4:52-55
Antihypertensive activity of Leaves of BarleriaPrionitis in 45. Thase ME, Howland RH. Biological processes in depression:
Doca Salt Induced Hypertensive Rats. International Journal an update and integration. In: Beckham EE, Leber WR,
of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2013; editors. Handbook of Depression, 2nd ed., New York,
18(2):17-19 Guilford, 1995; 213–279
30. AnkurGarg, RandhirSingh.Antiobesity Activity of Aqueous 46. Hanada T, Yoshimura A. Regulation of cytokine signalling
and Ethanol Extracts of AegleMarmelos Leaves in High Fat and inflammation. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews.
Diet Induced Obese Rats International Journal of Science Direct. 2002; 13(5): 413–421
Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2015; 47. Hegde K, Issac C, Joshi AB. Antiarthritic activity of Carissa
30(1):53-60 spinarum root extract in Freund’s adjuvant induced
31. Alston Sanjeeb, Kumar Patro, DinakarSasmal. In vitro polyarthritis in rats. Pharmacology online. 2010; 2: 713-718
Antioxidant Study and Search for a Novel Bioactive 48. Gepdiremen A, Mshvildadze V, Suleyman H, Elias R. Anti-
Compound from Leave Fractions of inflammatory activities of four saponins isolated from ivy:
Canthiumcoromandelicum (Burm.F.). International Journal of alpha-hederin, hederasaponin-C, hederacochiside-E and
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2015; 6(9):3841- hederacolchiside-F in carrageenan induced rat paw edema,
3852 Phytomedicine. 2005; 12:440-444
32. RajithaIndukuri, Bhanuprakash, Priyadarshini RL, 49. Maicon Roberto, Kviecinski. Study of the antitumor potential
MahenderVattipalli,Rajukumar P, Bikku. Evalution of Anti- of Bidenspilosa (Asteraceae) used in Brazilian folk medicine,
Ulcer Activity of AervaLanata Stem Extract in Rats. Indo Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2008; 117: 69-75
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 50. Dominic Dufour. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and
2013;3(12):1702-1708 anticancer activities of methanolic fractions from
33. Dinesh Kumar, Zulfiqar Ali Bhat. Anti-anxiety Activity of LedumgroenlandicumRetzius, Journal of
Methanolic Extracts of Different Parts of Angelica Ethnopharmacology. 2007; 111: 22-28
archangelica Linn. Journal of Traditional and Complementary 51. RathinamPrema, DhanaSekaranSathishSekar,
Medicine. 2012; 2:235-241 KothapalliBannoth Chandra Sekhar,
34. Sulaiman SF, Sajak AAB, Ooi KL, Supriatno, Seow EM. SomasundaramJeevanandham: Invitro cytotoxicity study on
Effect of solvents in extracting polyphenols and antioxidants combined plants extracts (Cissusquadrangularis and
of selected raw vegetables. J Food Compos. Anal. 2011; Aeglemarmelos). European Journal of Experimental Biology
24:506-515 2012; 2(4):882-888
35. Abdullah S, Shaari AR, Azimi A. Effect of Drying Methods on 52. Sridhar Patwari G, Harikiran L, AppaRaoAvn, Narsimha
Metabolites Composition of MisaiKucing Reddy Y: Evaluation of anti-cancer activity of dikamaliartane-
(Orthosiphonstamineus) Leaves. APCBEE Procedia. 2012; a, a cycloartane isolated from dikamali, a gum resin.
2:178-182 International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
36. Kaufmann B and Christen P. Recent extraction techniques Sciences 2012; 4(4):975-1491
for natural products: microwave assisted extraction and 53. Bounty Y, Naga Rani K, Venkateswara P, Hepatoprotective
pressurized solvent extraction. Phytochem. Anal. 2002; Activity of Methonolic Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa in Rats.
13:105-113 Mintage journal of Pharmaceutical & Medical Sciences.
37. Durling NE, Catchpole OJ, Grey JB, Webby RF, Mitchell KA, 2017; 6(3):18-21
Foo LY, Perry NB. Extraction of phenolics and essential oil 54. PreetiKhandelwal, Sharma RA, Mala Agarwal.
from dried sage (Salvia officinalis) using ethanol- water Phytochemical Analyses of Various Parts of
mixtures, Food Chem. 2007; 10(1):1417–1424 ProsopisJuliflora. Mintage journal of Pharmaceutical &
Medical Sciences. 2016; 5(3): 16-18

© 2018 by the authors; licensee MJPMS, India. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Vol 7 Suppl1, Jan - Mar 2018 www.mintagejournals.com 47

View publication stats