EXPERIMENT NO.

ANALYSIS OF RESISTIVE NETWORKS

OBJECTIVES

1. To demonstrate the characteristics of series-parallel

circuits by measuring and verifying the calculations

of resistance, voltage and current associated with the

different resistive components of a series-parallel

circuit.

2. To demonstrate the principle of basic electric circuit

laws.

3. To demonstrate the use of basic principles involved

in series, parallel and series-parallel circuits.

CONCLUSION

A series-parallel circuit’s characteristics merely

combine the characteristics of the two forms involved

while the parallel connection comes before the series

connection to find the total device resistance as shown in

Table 1. The voltage present in the system can be

determined by applying voltage drops through series

connections as parallel connections have equivalent

voltages, but in order to determine the total current of the

system, the currents of the parallel circuits must be

connected to a single current in a series connection, as

series connections have equivalent currents all over.

The principle of basic electric circuit laws serve a

purpose in our daily lives whereas to Ohm's law refers to

the proportionality of the voltage applied to the current

flowing through the system, and to the system's resistance

itself in such a way that a small resistance can result in a

higher current which then translates into a system's

voltage sum being directly proportional to the circuit

current. The Kirchhoff’s law relates to current and voltage

such that the summation of all the currents entering a

junction is equal to the summation of the currents leaving

the junction, which is the same as the loop voltage as

shown in Table 1.

Many basic principles are used in series, parallel and

series-parallel circuits. One of which is the circuit used

was a series-parallel circuit in which circuits were

primarily in a series with a single resistor parallel to the

other where the total resistance can be calculated by

adding the computing series resistors using a parallel link;

because the circuit requires a parallel connection, the total

current can be calculated.

GRAPHS/CHARTS/CURVES

Graph 1: The relationship of the resistance between the

voltage and current (Tina Pro values)

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1. What are the identifying characteristics of a series

circuit?

- A series circuit is characterized by having the same

current all over the circuit, individual Ohm's Law

Voltage Drop for each component and Kirchhoff's

Current Law applicable.

2. What are the identifying characteristics of a parallel

circuit?

- A parallel circuit is characterized by having the

same voltage all over the circuit, having individual

current path for each branch and applying the

voltage law of Kirchhoff.

3. What changes occur in the total resistance of

a circuit as additional resistances are added (a) in

series? (b) In parallel?

a) The total resistance will increase as more

resistances are added in series while;

b)The total resistance will decrease as more

resistances are added in parallel.

4. What are the different types of resistances and their

purpose?

- The various types of resistors are carbon resistors,

film style resistors, and resistors to wire wrapped.

The carbon resistors are very inexpensive to

produce and are widely used in electrical circuits.

 Film type resistors have more accuracy and high

resistance than carbon resistance because they have

very broad tolerances to the manufacturing process.

The wire wound resistors are used to achieve low

and precise resistance values (0.01 to 100 k).

5. Why are the lamps in a house lighting circuit not

connected in series?

- The lamps in a house lighting circuit are not

connected in series because if one of the lamps

explodes, the voltage in a series circuit will not

continue to flow, and the whole house will lose

power.

6. A small lamp is designed to draw 300 mA in a 6V

circuit. What is the resistance of the lamp 4lament?

 Given:  V =6V

 I =300 mA =0.03 A Solution:

V 6V
R= = =2
I 0.03 A

7. Determine the ideal voltage source needed by three

resistors connected in series R1=6| , R2=8|, R3 =10|if a

required current of 0.5A flows in the circuit.

Given:

 R1=6 Ω Solution:

 R2=8 Ω  V T =I T ( RT )

 R3=10  V T =(0.5 A)(6 Ω+ 8 Ω+ 10 Ω)

 I T =0.5 A

V T =12V DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

 For the experiment proper, we had to construct

the circuit indicated in the laboratory report using the

Tina Pro software. Next, we measured the total

resistance between points A & F while the supply

voltage was set to 20 volts DC. We were also asked

to connect ammeters and voltmeters to measure both

the current passing through and voltage across each

resistance respectively. For the last part of the

experiment, we were tasked to compute for the values

of each of the resistances as well as the summation of

currents and voltages according to what is asked.

Vn
Indicated in table 1, the formula Rn =
In was

VT
computed for the resistances, RT =
I1 for the total
resistance. The results were R =1 , R =2 , R =1 , R =1∧R =1. For
1 2 3 4 5

the total resistance, it resulted to 3.67 ohms. Based on

Table 1 and sample computations, it is seen that the

voltage is directly proportional to the current and

resistance basically explaining the Ohm’s law. For

the summation of current at node B, the formula used

was I =I 1−I 3 −I 4 which resulted to 7.27A which should

be equal to zero based on Kirchhoff’s Current Law.

There had been typographical error in table 1 where

AM3 should be positive.

As for the summation of voltages at loop

ABEFA, V T −V 1−V 3−V 2 is the formula used where the

total voltage is 29.1V. For the other half of the loop

BCDEB, the formula was V 3−V 4−V 5 that resulted to

 -3.64V. Lastly, for loop ABCDEFA, V T −V 1−V 4 −V 5−V 2

which resulted to 25.46V. The summations of the

voltages should be equal to zero based on Kirchhoff’s

Voltage Law. There had been errors in the

orientations of the voltmeters (VM4 and VM5) in the

circuit made that resulted to a non-zero value.

R=Determine the ideal voltage source needed by three

resistors connected in s