 What is the normal percussion sound

Resonance
 What sound do you hear during heart failure
Crackles
 What will be the percussion in patients with empysema
Hyperresonance
 Pleural effusion percussion sound
Dull
 What are the stages of pneumonia
4 stages
Congestion
Red hepatisation
Grey hepatisation
Resolution
 What would you hear patients with pneumonia
Crepitation
Wheezing
 How many types of crepitation
Types
 What are the types of crepitation
Indux- Stage 2
Radux- Stage 4 (recovering from pneumonia)

 How can we place diagnosis COPD

Spirometry- Decreased, less than 70%
Bronchodilation 2 times- as COPD is irreversible ( if it doesn’t respond twice then its
COPD)
If we have asthma- then lungs will recover
 Difference between left heart failure and right heart failure
Left heart failure to do with lungs, pulmonary edema, dyspnea
Right heart failure- liver, Increase JVP, ankle edema, caput medusa

 If we have aortic stenosis what is the murmur

Systolic murmur
 Mitral insufficiency
Systolic murmur
 Aortic insuffiency murmur
Diastolic murmur
 Pulmonary embolism symptoms
Pain in chest
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Low BP
May cough blood

What diagnostic test would you do to place the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Pulmoangiography
  What are the types of cyanosis

Central and pheripheral

In which disease we have central cyanosis

Lung disease
, lung doesn’t work properly and we don’t have enough oxygen

In which disease do we have pheripheral cyanosis,

Cardiac

In patient with pulmonary embolism, arterial blood gases will show us

O2 will be high
Co2 will decrease
Hypocapneia
Hypoxemia

Patient with pulmonary have tachycardia, losing co2

Patients with COPD

low o2, co2 high, hypercapnia (keep co2 in lungs low expiratory phase), patients cannot
breathe out

what is high normal BP