Identify an area of the ship where automation is used.

On a ship there are many parameters that needs to be controlled or monitored including:
temperatures, pressure, level, viscosity, flow control, position of vessel, speed, torque
control, voltage, current, machinery status (on/ off), and equipment status (open/ closed).
A modern automation and control system is a fully integrated systems covering many
aspects of the ship operation that includes the propulsion plant operation, power
management operation on the auxiliary engines, auxiliary machinery operation, cargo on-
and-off-loading operation, navigation and administration of maintenance and purchasing
of spares.
Bridge Control of Main Engine
Automatic control of the starting of the main engine can be done from the bridge as well
as in Engine control room. The automatic controls employed in starting the engine is by
the following sequence:
Automatic control used in correctly positioning of the cam shaft. Admitting starting
airAdmitting fuelStarting air shut offSpeed adjustment to the value required Thus the
engine is started and the various parameters like temperature, pressure, flow and tank
level have to measured at every watch to make sure that the engine is running safely.
Temperatures of lube oil, JCW, exhaust gas, etc. are measured.
Pressures of lube oil, JCW, fuel oil, and starting air etc. are measured.
Flow of fuel oil is measured while running. Tank levels of Heavy fuel oil, diesel oil, and
lube oil are measured.
For measuring the parameters we make use of the transducers, in turn sending the input
signal to the automatic control system.
Boiler Control System
Automatic control of boiler is also done from the engine control room. The automatic
systems employed in controlling the following:
Boiler system (open / closed feed)Steam pressure steam temperature water level feed
water level feed pump feed water temperature fuel oil system air heater smoke density
force draught fan
Thus if any of the above automatic system fails it give alarm and trips the boiler for a safe
operation.
Turbine and Reduction Gear
In case of the steam propulsion ship the steam from the boiler enters in to the turbine and
in turn it is coupled with reduction gear so some of the automatic controls used are.
Controlling the speed of the rotation of the turbine in turn it controls the speed of the
ship.Bleeder valve controlLube oil temperature control.Over speed trip
control.Condensate system.Diesel Generator
This is employed in automatic starting and stopping of the auxiliary generator from the
engine control room. So of the automatic control used are:
Turbo Generator
In case if the steam propulsion ships they use turbo Generators for generating the power.
In this type the small Steam turbines are coupled with the alternators and the automatic
controls used are
Reset governor trip level.Reset emergency stop valve.Staring auxiliary lube oil
pumpStaring the circulating pumpApply gland steamStarting extraction pumpStaring the
air ejectorOpening the steam valve.
These are some of the automation commonly used in marine environment.

A. Draw a simplified block diagram of a process control loop

B. Identify what kind of process control loop and process variable

Closed-loop- A systems use feedback where a portion of the output signal is fed
back to the input to reduce errors and improve stability. A Closed-loop Control
System, also known as a feedback control system is a control system which uses
the concept of an open loop system as its forward path but has one or more
feedback loops (hence its name) or paths between its output and its input. The
reference to “feedback”, simply means that some portion of the output is returned
“back” to the input to form part of the systems excitation.
Closed-loop systems are designed to automatically achieve and maintain the
desired output condition by comparing it with the actual condition. It does this by
generating an error signal which is the difference between the output and the
 reference input. In other words, a “closed-loop system” is a fully automatic control
system in which its control action being dependent on the output in some way.
The image shown at A is closed-loop process variables which is an __

C. Determine the following:

1. Primary element:
A primary element is a sensor or detector that responds
quantitatively to the measured variable and performs the initial
measurement operation. A primary element performs the initial conversion
of measurement energy.

2. Secondary element:
The secondary measuring device or flowmeter used with a primary
measuring device (element) to measure the rate of liquid flow. In open
channels, bubblers and floats are secondary elements. Differential pressure
measuring devices are the secondary elements in pipes or pressure
conduits. The purpose of the secondary measuring device is to (1) measure
the liquid level in open channels or the differential pressure in pipes and (2)
convert this measurement into an appropriate flow rate according to the
known liquid level or differential pressure and flow rate relationship of the
primary measuring device. This flow rate may be integrated (added up) to
obtain a totalized volume, transmitted to a recording device, or used to pace
an automatic sampler.

3. Final control element:

A final control element is defined as a mechanical device that
physically changes a process in response to a change in the control system
set point. Final control elements relevant to actuators include valves,
dampers, fluid couplings, gates, and burner tilts to name a few.

D. Discuss the function and operation of the process control

 A control loop is a process management system designed to maintain a
process variable at a desired set point. Each step in the loop works in conjunction
with the others to manage the system. Once the set point has been established,
the control loop operates using a four-step process.
• Sensor: Measure the current condition of the process using a sensor, which can
be an electronic (thermocouple, RTD or transmitter) or a mechanical device
(thermal system).

• Compute and Compare: Evaluate the measurement of the current condition

against the set point using an electronic or electric contact controller.

• Respond or feedback: React to any error that may exist by generating a

corrective pneumatic or electric control signal.

• Final control element: (valve, heater, or other device) that will produce a
change in the process variable. The loop continually cycles through the steps,
affecting the process variable to maintain the desired set point. Trerice is unique
in its ability to provide all the necessary components to create a complete control
loop

Choose two (2) Final control elements

1. Solenoid Valve
A. Describe the device and its features.
- Solenoid valve as a final control element with an on/off control, you can
apply an on/off valve or a solenoid valve, depending on the application. So,
these simple valves may provide just what you need. An electrically
controlled valve. The valve features a solenoid, which is an electric coil with
a movable ferromagnetic core (plunger) in its center. In the rest position, the
plunger closes off a small orifice. ... The magnetic field exerts an upwards
force on the plunger opening the orifice.
B. Present a photo of the device only.
C. Present a photo where the device is used and encircle it visibly to be
identified in the photo.
 2. Control valve
A. Describe the device and its features.
- as a final control element, the control valve appears in various segments as
a final control element to control all kinds of gases and liquids. These come
with a vast list of plugs, actuators, positioners, materials, and bodies. So, you
could probably mix and match a solution from the options. A valve used
to control fluid flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a
signal from a controller. This enables the direct control of flow rate and the
consequential control of process quantities such as pressure, temperature, and
liquid level.
B. Present a photo of the device only.

C. Present a photo where the device is used and encircle it visibly to be

identified in the photo.
Auto 2 BSME3-A
Leader: Morales, Joshua Anthony S.
Members: Nacion, Gabriel N.
Abada, Mark Jason B.
Bernales, Christian Allen S.
Gariando, Valient Gil V.