INTERIM REPORT: TS 2 7 MAY 2019 (REV.

5) Technical Standard for Sewerage

System ≤ 10,000PE
TS(T-P) 0101-1:2018
Technical Standard for Sewage Treatment Plant for Liquid Stream (Physical Process) - Part 1: Inlet Works, Solid
Screening, Grit & Grease Removal & Equalization Tank

© Copyright
Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Committee Representation .................................................................................................................... 4
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5
2.0 Scope ........................................................................................................................................... 5
3.0 Normative References ................................................................................................................ 5
4.0 Abbreviation ............................................................................................................................... 8
5.0 Definition .................................................................................................................................... 9
6.0 Inlet Chamber ........................................................................................................................... 11
6.1 Purpose of Inlet chamber...................................................................................................... 11
6.2 Design Requirements ............................................................................................................ 11
7.0 Primary Screen .......................................................................................................................... 12
7.1 Purpose of Primary Screen .................................................................................................... 12
7.2 Design of the Primary Screen ................................................................................................ 13
8.0 Pumping Station ....................................................................................................................... 15
8.1 Purpose of Pumping Station ................................................................................................. 15
8.2 Design of Pumping Station .................................................................................................... 15
8.3 Pump Hydraulic Design ......................................................................................................... 17
9.0 Flow Measurement ................................................................................................................... 17
10.0 Secondary Screen ..................................................................................................................... 18
10.1 Purpose of Secondary Screen ............................................................................................... 18
10.2 Design Requirements of Secondary Screen .......................................................................... 18
11.0 Conveyor ................................................................................................................................... 19
12.0 Grit and Grease Removal .......................................................................................................... 20
12.1. Purpose of Grit and Grease Removal .................................................................................... 20
12.2. Design Requirements ............................................................................................................ 21
12.3. Type of Grit and Grease Removal System ............................................................................. 24
13.0 Equalization Tank ...................................................................................................................... 25
13.1 Purpose of Equalization Tank ................................................................................................ 25
13.2 Requirements of Equalization Tank ...................................................................................... 25
14.0 Flow Distribution to the Treatment Process ............................................................................ 27
15.0 Mechanical and Electrical Requirements ................................................................................. 27
16.0 Other Amenities ....................................................................................................................... 27
17.0 Construction Requirements...................................................................................................... 27
17.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 27
17.2 Reinforced Concrete Structures ............................................................................................ 27
17.3 Structural Steel ...................................................................................................................... 28
18.0 Health and Safety Requirements ............................................................................................. 29

Foreword

Committee Representation
This Technical Standard for Sewage Treatment Plant for Liquid Stream (Physical Process) – Part 1: Inlet Works,
Solid Screening, Grit & Grease Removal & Equalization Tank has been prepared by a Task Force and reviewed
by Technical Working Group comprising of representatives from the following Government Agencies,
Scientific and Professional bodies, Consultants, Supplier and Specialist Contractors.

1.0 Introduction
This technical standard sets out the requirements for a sewerage system to cater for a design population of
10,000 PE or less.
2.0 Scope
TS(T-P) 0101-1:2018 shall cover the design and construction requirements for the various components of the
Inlet Works as follows:
(a) Inlet Chamber.
(b) Primary Screen.
(c) Pumping Station.
(d) Flow Measurement.
(e) Secondary Screen.
(f) Grit and Grease Chamber.
(g) Equalization Tank.
(h) Flow Distribution to the Treatment Process.

3.0 Normative References

The normative references that are relevant to TS(T-P)0101-1:2018 are as follows:
(a) Drainage, Sanitation and Sanitary Plumbing By-laws 1976.
(b) Factories and Machinery Act 1967.
(c) Environment Quality Act 1974.
(d) Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulation 2009, EQ(S)R 2009
(e) Local Government Act 1976.
(f) Occupational Safety and Health Act, OSHA 514 – 1994.
(g) Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974.
(h) Uniform Building By Law 1984.
(i) Akta Bekalan Elektrik 1990 (Akta 448).
(j) Peraturan-Peraturan Elektrik 1994.
(k) SPAN, Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guideline Volume IV, Sewage Treatment Plant, Third Edition, 2009.
(l) SPAN, TS 1402 – Technical Specification for Standard STP Part 1 – Extended Aeration (150- 5000 PE),
2016.
(m) Wastewater Engineering – Treatment and Reuse, Fifth Edition, Metcalf & Eddy, 2014.

(n) Wastewater Treatment Plants – Planning, Design and Operation, Second Edition, Syed R. Qasim, 1999.
(o) Malaysian Standard
(i) MS 415: PART 1: 1976 – Code of practice for composite construction in structural steel and concrete Part 1:
Simply Supported Beams in building.
(ii) MS 739:1981 – Specification for hot-dip galvanized coatings on iron threaded fasteners.
(iii) MS 740:1981 – Specification for hot-dip galvanized coatings on iron and steel articles.
(iv) MS 1195: PART 1:1991 – Code of practice for structural use of concrete. Part 1: Design and construction.
(v) MS 1195: PART 2:1991 – Code of practice for structural use of concrete. Part 2: Special circumstances.
(vi) MS 1195: PART 3:1991 – Code of practice for structural use of concrete. Part 3: Design charts for singly
reinforced beams, doubly reinforced beams and rectangular columns.
(vii) MS 1228:1991 – Code of practice for design and installation of sewerage systems.
(p) British Standard
(i) BS 4449:2005+A3:2016 – Steel for the reinforcement of concrete. Weldable reinforcing steel. Bar, coil and
decoyed product. Specification.
(ii) BS 5493:1977 – Code of practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion.
(iii) BS 7079:2009 – General introduction to standards for preparation of steel substrates before application of
paints and related products.
(iv) BS EN 1992-3:2006 – Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures. Part 3: Liquid retaining and containing
structures.
(v) BS EN 10025-1:2004 – Hot rolled products of structural steels. Part 1: General technical delivery
conditions.
(vi) BS EN 10025-3:2004 – Hot rolled products of structural steels. Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for
normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels.
(vii) BS EN 10025-4:2004 – Hot rolled products of structural steels. Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for
thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels.
(viii) BS EN 10029:2010 – Hot-rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above. Tolerances on dimensions and shape.

(ix) BS EN 10088-1:2014 – Stainless steels. Part 1: List of stainless steels.

(x) BS EN 10088-3:2014 – Stainless steels. Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products,
bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes.
(xi) BS EN 10162:2003 – Cold rolled steel sections. Technical delivery conditions. Dimensional and cross-
sectional tolerances.
(xii) BS EN 10210-2:2006 – Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels.
Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties.
(xiii) BS EN 10296-1:2003 – Welded circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes.
Technical delivery conditions. Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes.
(xiv) BS EN 10297-1:2003 – Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes.
Technical delivery conditions. Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes.
(xv) BS EN 10305-1:2016 – Steel tubes for precision applications. Technical delivery conditions. Part 1:
Seamless cold drawn tubes.
(xvi) BS EN 10305-2:2016 – Steel tubes for precision applications. Technical delivery conditions. Part 2:
Welded cold drawn tubes.
(xvii) BS EN 10305-3:2016 – Steel tubes for precision applications. Technical delivery conditions. Part 3:
Welded cold sized tubes.
(xviii) BS EN 10305-4:2016 – Steel tubes for precision applications. Technical delivery conditions. Part 4:
 Item
Seamless Grease SPAN
cold drawn tubes for hydraulic and pneumatic power systems.
Description
- Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (National Water Services Commission)
(xix) BS EN 10305-5:2016 – Steel tubes for precision applications. Technical delivery conditions. Part 5:
Requirement
refersSTPsized
effluent toorthe thickand
sewage oily and floating
sludge. substance that is typically generated from kitchen waste.
Welded cold square rectangular tubes.
(xx) BS EN Grit
Top SewageWater Treatment
10305-6:2016 Level (TWL) – Plant
Steel tubes for precision applications. Technical delivery conditions. Part 6:
Welded cold- TDH
- drawn tubes for hydraulic and pneumatic power systems.
(xxi) BS refers
refers
EN Total
• Provided to the
to the
Dynamic
10365:2017 small
withmaximum Head
manual loose
– Hot particles
spindle;
water
rolled level
steel ofinstone
• Watertight; orI•sand
a channel,
channels, Made
and found
of
process
H in the
cast
tank,
sections. iron
ansewage.
or stainless
aeration
Dimensions steel;
tank,
and • Size to
oxidation
masses. suitorthe
ditch a
Invert
incoming
sludgeTWL Level
sewer
storage (IL)
pipe;
tank and
or any • Stainless
other sewagesteel rising
treatment stem
(xxii) BS EN ISO 2063-1:2019 – Thermal spraying. Zinc, aluminium and their alloys. Part 1: Design and bracket.
structure. Refer to TS (CT)03-12018, page 14
-
forUnit Top
otherWater Level
requirements.
Process
considerations and quality requirements for corrosion protection systems.
(xxiii) BS EN ISOthe
4. refers
- uPVC to bottom level of any channels orZinc,
process tanks. and their alloys. Part 2: Execution of
2063-2:2017 – Thermal spraying. aluminium
Parameter
Emergency
refersUnplasticised
to anyoverflowPolyvinyl
structure pipe Chlorideany related equipment which is used as a process stage and which
including
corrosion protection systems.
-
Type VCP and size shall be equivalent to the incoming sewer pipe. steel.
(xxiv) BScan ENbe ISOisolated from other
9445-1:2010 parallel,
– Continuously upstream or downstream
cold-rolled stainless structures.
Tolerances on dimensions and form.
5. refersVitrifiedto any
Clay ofPipe
the factors listed in the Third and Fifth Schedules in the Environment Quality
Part 1: Narrow strip and cut lengths.
(Sewage)
Flap W valve Regulations, 2009.
At the end of Equivalent
Population the emergency (PE)overflow pipe to prevent backflow.
-Anti-skid
(xxv) BS refers EN ISO 9445-2:2010
to the population– equivalent
Continuously cold-rolled
in terms of fixed stainless
populationsteel.ofTolerances
a varying or ontransient
dimensions and form.
population
Part 2: Wide- strip and plate/sheet.
for domestic wastes from sectorsprevent
which include residential, commercial and industrial that
(xxvi) BSrefers EN
contribute
to the
ISO coating
14713-3:2017
flow to the
provided
– Zinctocoatings.
sewerage system.
from slip.
Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against
corrosionBaffle of
Retention iron and steel
Time in structures. Part 3: Sherardizing.
-
(q) Australian
-refers/ to New Zealand Standards
the palate / structure that is installed or constructed in the process tank to promoteby uniform
(i) AS/NZS refers 2312.1:2014
to the average – Guide lengthto the protection
oftotime of structural
theshort-circuiting.
sewage steelwithin
is retained against theatmospheric
given process corrosion
unit withinthe in use
of protectiveflow throughout
coatings. Part the
1: tank
Paint and
coatings.avoid
the
Bottom sewerage
Watersystem.Level It is also known as Residence Time.
(BWL)
(ii) AS/NZS Scum 2312.2:2014 – Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use
of protective-BWL coatings. Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing.
-refers
Bottom toWater
the minimumLevel operating water level inPart the 2:
pump well and other process tanks.
(iii) AS/NZS refers 3750.2:2008
to a layer of floating or steel
– Paints for buoyant structures.
materials on theUltra high-build
surface of sewagepaint.
treatment unit such as
(iv) AS/NZS Competent
c/w Person
3750.12:1996(R2013) – Paintstreatment
for steel units.
structures. Part 12: Alkyd/micaceous iron oxide.
clarifiers,
-Complete with grease chamber, sludge
Sewage
refers
D to a person who is qualified to submit sewerage planning and design, supervise the
4.0 Abbreviation
-construction,
Depth installation, testing and inspection of the sewerage works or septic tank works as
refers to
particularly
DI any liquid
set out in discharges
the Schedule containing
1, Water human
Servicesexcreta, animal
Industry Actor2006
vegetable matters
(Planning, in and
Design
suspensions
Construction or solution derived from domestic
Ductile Iron of Sewerage System and Septic Tank) Rules 2013 [P.U.(A) 214]. activities and being generated from the household,
5.0 Definition commercial,
Design
HDPE Capacity institutional and industrial premises including liquid discharges from water closets,
basins, sinks, bathrooms
-High Density Polyethylene and other sanitary appliances but excluding rain water and other prohibited
effluent.
refers
EWS to the maximum flows and loads of the sewage that the facilities are designed for, which
Sewage
conform Sludge
Early Warningto the System
stipulated effluent quality standards.
-Drainage
IEEE
6.0 Inletrefers Chamber
to the residual mixture of solid and liquid produced during the partial or full treatment of
Item -Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
6.1 Purpose sewage of Inlet
but chamber
does not include treated sewage effluent
refers
Description
IL to the action or process of removing the liquiddischarged through a disposal pipe.
from any structure.
The inlet chamber shall
Sewerage System be provided before the primary screen chamber, to allow proper direction of the raw
Effluent
sewageRequirement
to-Invert Level screen chamber as well as diversion of the raw sewage during operational and
the primary
1. -L
maintenance refers work
to atsystem
the primary screen chamber.
Inlet refers
Length to athe
chamber treatedincorporating
structure fluid discharged sewers, fromdisposal
the sewage pipes,treatment
pumpingplant. stations or sewage treatment
6.2 Design worksRequirements
RC structure; minimum internal dimension 1.2 m; Internal wall coated and
Equipment
LED or any combination thereof and all other structures, equipment withappurtenances
20 mm thick high (other than
alumina
(a) The inlet chamber
individual shall be
internal a reinforced
sewerage piping, concrete
common (RC) structure
internal of sufficient
sewerage piping size
or to accommodate
septic tanks) used the
or
cement -Light plaster;
EmittingExternalDiode wall coated with bitumen lining (for corrosive soil and groundwater
incomingintended sewer, the to connection
becomponent
used for to
the the primary screen
collection, chamber, complete with a penstock to control the flow to
refers
OSHAto any
condition); Top cover: which
minimum 150 mmconveyance,
is installed abovein, mounted
ground pumping
level, or treatment
on, attached
covered to, or of
with sewage
operated
hot-dipped and
on sewage
structures
galvanised in
the primary screen
sludge or chamber,
the disposal overflow
of intended
treatedpipe and a cat ladder. Refer Table 2.1 for detailed requirements of the
grating the performance
Occupational
(hinged of their
type).
Safety and Health sewage function.
Administration
Inlet Chamber.
2. Final PVC effluent
(b) The emergency overflow pipe shall be located at the inlet chamber, last manhole or the manhole located at
Cat -Polyvinyl
ladder Chloride
lowest ground level within the same catchment, whichever lower; Emergency overflow shall be connected to
refers
StainlessPE tosteel, the effluent
fixed type, discharged
500 mmfrom wide.a sewage treatment plant.
proper receiving sump at the nearest external drain and the receiving drain shall be designed to prevent
3. Freeboard
Population Equivalent
overflowing or splashing and to prevent public nuisance. Refer Figure 2.1 for typical drawing for receiving
Penstock-Qavg
sump.
Minimum refers
Average to 1the
Flow
unitspace
Rate
at thebetween
connection top waterfrom level
inlet and
chamberthe topto of the channel
primary screenorchamber;
process tank.
The penstock gate /
headstockQpeak shall be:
Table 2.1:Peak InletFlow
Chamber Rate Requirements
QRSP
Flow Rate of Raw Sewage Pump Flow Rate
Figure 2.1: RCReceiving Sump of the Emergency Overflow Pipe
Reinforced Concrete
RSP
Raw Sewage Pump
7.0
7.0 Primary Screen
7.1 Purpose of Primary Screen
(a) Upon reaching the sewage treatment plant (STP), the raw sewage contains settleable solids such as rags,
wood, plastics and other debris, which can interfere and damage the pumps and other equipment in the
downstream treatment processes.
(b) Primary screens are provided before the raw sewage enters the pumping station.
(c) The purpose of primary screen is: (i) To protect the sewage pumps and other equipment from being clogged
and damaged by settleable solids.
(ii) To reduce interference with the system performance.

7.2 Design of the Primary Screen

(a) The primary screen shall be installed in open channel of reinforced concrete construction, just after the Inlet
Chamber. Refer to TS(CT)03-1:2018, page 14 on the primary screen installation.
(b) The primary screen shall be manually or mechanically operated.
(c) The front raked type shall be used for primary screening application. The rake shall be running at 2 to 4
m/min.
(d) Table 2.2 summarises the requirements of the primary screen as well as the chamber.
(e) Other requirements are as following:
(i) In the event of system failure and / or power outages, the flow shall be automatically directed to the
 Item
emergency bypass screen. It shall also be able to cope with the anticipated maximum flow.
Description
(ii) The screen channels shall be provided with appropriate stop plate for stopping the sewage flow during the
Requirement
maintenance of the channel.
7.
(iii) For modular STP, minimum 1 unit of mechanical screen and 1 unit of bypass screen shall be provided for
Approach velocity at feed channel
first module.
Minimum
Internal at 0.3
walls m/s at Qpeak
tominimum
be coated withmm 20 mm thick high
(iv) Sufficient space of 600 clearance shall alumina cement
be allowed mortar.
around External walls
the mechanical to be
screen lined
at deck
8. bitumen coating, prior to backfilling (for corrosive soil and groundwater condition). The top of
with
level for accessibility to the motor and other components for maintenance works purpose.
Flow
chamber through
shall velocity at 150
be at least the screen
mm above face the ground level and provided with hot-dipped galvanised steel
Maximum 1 m/s at Q
handrails with kicker plate.peak
Table 2.2:
9. Primary Screen Requirements
23.
Screen
Lifting channel
Device width
Minimum
Refer 500 mm
to TS(CT)03-1:2018, page 30
10.
8.0 Pumping Station
Screen channel depth
Minimum
8.1 Purpose 500 mm Station
of Pumping
11. station shall be preceded by primary screens to protect the pumps from being damaged or clogged.
Inlet pump
The inletBypass
pumpschannel width
of the treatment works must be capable of handling raw unscreened sewage. Water pumps
must not Minimum
be used as 500 mmare not designed to cope with matters that may be found in sewage and the variability
they
12. of sewage flow. The purpose of pump stations is:
and quantity
Overflow
(a) To lift sewageopening between
to a higher point channel
for treatment.
300 mmconsistent
(b) To provide wide at screen channel,
inlet flows with
to the the invert
treatment level of the opening set at the top water level in the
system.
channel with 50% blockage
(c) To prevent overflow of raw sewage. at the face of the screen
13.
Connection
8.2 Design of Pumpingto pump sump
Station
(a) TheMinimum
pump station 300shall
mm xbe300the mm
wet well type, as summarised in Table 2.3.
14.
(b) The wet well chamber shall be open RC structure, using grade C35A concrete followed by 20 mm thick
Stop Plate
high alumina cement plaster. It shall be designed to avoid “dead zones”, that is, to prevent solids and scum
Corrosion
accumulation. Theresistant
invert ofmaterial
the wet (c/w
well hand
shall wheel for >1.5
be sloped 5,000 PE) to 1.0 horizontal, by providing proper
vertical
15.
benching, which shall be extended up to the pump intake.
(c) TheFreeboard
clearance between pump to pump shall be minimum 600 mm, clearance between pump to chamfer of
Minimum
wall shall be minimum 150 mm 300below
mm orthe invert
based onlevel
pumpofrequirement
incoming sewer pipecavitation
to avoid to top water level in
of pump the screengreater).
(whichever
channel.
(d) The wet well shall be covered with hot-dipped galvanised steel grill cover (hinged type), with a clear
Item
opening16. of either 600 mm x 600 mm or at least 150 mm clearance of the pump width (whichever greater) to
Description
Estimate
facilitate screenings
the removal of the per
pumpsvolume of sewage purpose. The covers shall be capable of being lifted by at
for maintenance
Requirement
20 m 3/106 m3 at average flow.
most two operators.
1.wet wells shall be provided access by stainless steel vertical cat ladder. The maximum length of a
(e) The17.
No. of screens:
verticalCollection
cat ladder of Dutylandings should be 6 m.
screenings
between
PE ≤manual
For 5,000 -screens:
1 unit (Manual)
removable 5,000 < PE ≤corrosion
perforated 10,000 - 1resistant
unit (Mechanical)
material basket, one for each screen. For
2.
mechanical screens: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bin, placed on concrete floor with kerb and
No. of screens:
drainage pipe. Standby
(f) Where separate valve pits are used for pump discharge pipes, then the connecting pipes shall be provided
PE ≤ 5,000 - 1 unit (Manual) 5,000 < PE ≤ 10,000 - 1 unit (Mechanical)
18.
with at least two flexible joints to allow for differential settlement.
3.
Screenings basket / bin storage capacity
(g) The exposed ductile iron (DI) pipework in the chambers and wet well shall be epoxy coated; the buried DI
7No. of bypass screen
days
pipe shall be provided with polyethylene sleeving. The pipework shall be adequately supported on concrete
5,000 < PE ≤ 10,000 - 1 unit (Manual)
19.
plinths or steel structural supports.
4.
Access
(h) The raw sewage pumps (RSP) shall be of non-clog, submersible type pumps. The other requirements shall
Screen
RC type minimum 1 m wide with proper stainless steel handrails, finishes shall be anti-skid and
staircase,
include the following: (i) The pumps shall be equipped with auto-restart mechanism to allow for automatic
Corrosion resistant material, capable of withstanding flushing velocity
non-corrosive.
pump restart after the power supply has been restored.
5.
20.
(ii) The pumps shall be fitted with thermal sensor as protective accessory.
Screen
Lightingclear spacing
(iii) Leakage detector is required for more than 7.5 kW RSP.
Maximum: weather
Adjustable 25 mm proof LED type spotlights.
(iv) The pumps shall be fitted with guide-rails and lifting mechanism to facilitate the removal of the RSP for
6.
21.
maintenance.
Slope
Standpipe
(v) The difference in level between start or stop between duty pumps shall be greater than or equal to 150 mm.
Manual screen:
Located within 330°m,to
c/wvertical or 60°
kerb and to horizontal;
drainage Mechanical
pipe connected screen:
to wet well. 15° to vertical or 75° to
horizontal.
22.
(i) Standby pumpstructure
Chamber shall be equivalent capacity of the duty pump.
Open RC structure with open channel for each screen with at least 2.1 m headroom and 550 mm wide
45o chamfered corners.
 Item
Table 2.3: Requirements of the Pumping Station
Description
Requirement
8.
8.3 PumpPump
Flow Hydraulic
through
suction velocity
and Design
discharge
at the openings
screen face
(a) TheMaximum
pump
Minimum 100 hydraulic
1 m/s mm design
at diameter. and
Qpeak / QRSP performance shall include the system curves as well as the pump curves.
The hydraulic
9. performance curve shall indicate the operating points of pumps with respect to flow and total
dynamic head
Pipework
Screen (TDH)
channel widthas well as the operating characteristics such as efficiency, horsepower and motor rating.
(b) TheMinimum
pumps
Ductile iron,shall be
500with operating within their best
mmhigh alumina cement lining internally, efficiency range
andatc/w
normal operating
flange condition.
joints. Pipe support bracket
(c) The10.pumps
shall be are to be equipped
stainless steel type,with an auto
installed at 3restart mechanism in the event of power failure.
m interval.
(d) All Screen
pumps shall
10. channel be installed
depth vertical, unless the competent person for the design is able to provide good
engineering reasons
Check valve
Minimum for
500 mm horizontal installation.
Ductile iron c/w swing check type with anti-slam.
11.
9.0 Flow11. Measurement
Bypass channel width
Refer toMinimum
Gate
TS(CT)valve04-1:2018,
500 mm page 16 for the requirements on flow measurement.
Ductile
12.
10.0 Secondary Screeniron, resilient seated.
12.
Freeboard
10.1 Purpose of Secondary Screen
Lighting
Minimum
The purpose 400 mm screen
of secondary above top is: water level.
(a) To remove finer floating debris suchtype
Adjustable
13. weather proof LED spotlightrags
as plastics, installed outside
and other the pump
particles that sump.
may cause clog and damage to
13.
Overflow opening
the downstream treatment process. between channel
Level
300
(b) To minimizemm controls
wide
blockagesat RCinchannel. Invert level
sludge handling andoftreatment
the opening shall be same with water level at 50%
facilities.
Float switch
blockage at the- Heavy
face ofduty the non-mercury
screen. type or ultrasonic sensor.
14. Requirements of Secondary Screen
10.2 Design
(a) TheStop
Pump plate
secondarystart screen
and stop level
shall be installed in a reinforced concrete chamber of open channel construction, just
PE
Corrosion
< 500: resistant
Minimum
after the Pumping Station. The material
400secondary
mm(c/w PE hand
≥screen
500:wheel
Minimum
shallfor
be>manually
5,000
450 mm, PE)ormaximum 900 mm
mechanically operated. Refer to
15.
TS(CT)03-1:2018, page 14 on the secondary screen installation.
(b) TheEstimate
Pump
secondarylowscreenings
level
screen alarm perand
shall volume
be pumpof
manually stop
sewage
orlevel
mechanically operated.
Minimum
37
Item m 3 /10 6 m1503 atmm average flow
(c) The front or back raked type shall be used for secondary screening application. The rake shall be running at
16.
Description
2 to 4 m/min.
(d) For Collection
Clearance between
of screenings pump1suction
unit of and
Requirement floor screen and 1 unit of bypass screen shall be provided for
modular STP,
Item minimum mechanical
Minimum
For
1.
first module. manual 200
screens:
mm removable perforated corrosion resistant material basket, one for each screen. For
Description
17.
mechanical screens: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bin,asplace
well on
Structure concrete floor with kerb and
(e) Table 2.4 summarises the requirements of the secondary
Requirement screen as the chamber.
Lifting
drainage Device
pipe.
Shall be properly designed RC structure with minimum internal width of 2 m and invert benched to
1.
Refer
17. to TS(CT)03-1:2018,
slopeRequirements
towards the pump pagewith
suction 30. slope of 1.5 vertical to 1.0 horizontal.
Table 2.4:
No. of screens: Duty of Secondary Screen
Screenings
2. basket / bin storage capacity
PE
7Guide≤ 5,000
days. rails of - 1RSPunit (Manual) 5,000 < PE ≤ 10,000 - 1 unit (Mechanical)
2.
18.
Stainless steel pipe c/w concrete fill.
11.0 Conveyor
No.
3. of screens:
Chamber Structure Standby
PE
Cat ≤ladder
(a) Generally,
Open 5,000
RC - 1 unitifwith
conveyors
structure (Manual)
required,
550 mm 5,000
are used
wide< PEfor
open≤transferring
10,000
channel- 1for
unit (Mechanical)
theeach
screenings from45 o chamfered corners.
screen with
3.
Internal walls to be coated with 20 mm thick high alumina
Stainless steel, fixed type, 500 mm wide shall be provided c/w mild steel hot-dipped cement mortar. The top ofgalvanised
chamber shall
doorbe
No. of
provided bypass
with screen
hot-dipped
opening access from Primary Screen. galvanised steel handrails.
5,000
19.
mechanical
4. screens< PE ≤to10,000 receiving - 1 unit
bin. (Manual)
4.
Access
(b) However,
Number there are STPs
of Raw Sewage wherePumpsthe primary
(RSP) mechanical screen drops the screening directly into the
Screen
RC
collection bins. type
staircase, minimum
PE ≤ 5,000: 2 units; 1 duty and 1 standby 1 m wide with proper5,000 hot-dipped galvanised
< PE ≤ 10,000: steel
3 units; handrails,
2 duty and 1 finishes
standby shall be
(c) WhereCorrosion
anti-skid
5. conveyorsandresistant material,
non-corrosive.
are used, there capable
are two of withstanding
types of flushing
conveyors namely,velocity.
belt conveyors or shaft-less screw
5.
20.
compactor.
Design flow for RSP
Screen
(d) TheStandpipe
screw
PE clear each
conveyor
≤ 5,000: spacing ifpump
used,atshall
Qpeak;be5,000
typically
< PEequipped
≤ 10,000:with
eachcompactor
pump at 0.5at the
x Qdischarge
peak end for dewatering
Maximum
6. before theymm
Located
screenings 12
within 3arem,for both
c/w manual
kerb
discharged. and mechanical
and drainage screens.to wet well.
pipe connected
(e) The6.21.
conveyor shall
Hydraulic retention be provided
time with standpipe to facilitate the washing of the conveyor as well as the
Slope
Lifting
collection bin. device
Maximum of 30 min at Qavg
(f) The Manual
Refer to screen:
collection
7. 30°thetoscreenings
TS(CT)03-1:2018,
bin for verticalpageor shall
60° tobehorizontal.
30 Mechanical
fibre reinforced screen:
polyester (FRP) 15°ortohigh-density
vertical or 75° to
polyethylene
(HDPE)horizontal.
bin, placed
Pumping cycle on concrete floor with kerb and drainage pipe.
7.
(g) TheMaximum
discharge chute shall be set to efficient transfer of the screenings into the collection bin. The chute shall
15 start/hour.
be higherApproach
than conveyorvelocitylevel at feed
andchannel
shall be steep enough to avoid collection of transportation materials in the
chute. Minimum 0.3 m/s at Q peak / QRSP
(h) Height of the conveyor from the floor level shall be 600 mm. Distance of the conveyor to the discharge
chute shall be 750 mm and the height above the discharge chute shall be not more than 100 mm. A clear
working space of 600 mm shall be provided around the conveyor. This is to facilitate proper inspection and
maintenance.

12.0 Grit and Grease Removal

12.1. Purpose of Grit and Grease Removal
(a) Grit creates problems to the sludge pumps, sludge digestion and dewatering facilities, whereas grease
interferes with the processes in the aeration tanks and clarifiers. It is likely that some of the grit and grease be
carried over in the final effluent.
(b) In grit removal system, grit or discrete particles that have subsiding velocities or specific gravities
substantially greater than those of organic putrescible solids, e.g. eggshells, sands, gravel are removed by
gravitate settlement or centrifugal separation.
(c) The grit removal system shall be designed to separate, collect, remove, classify and deposit grit at the
indicated point of its discharge, within the area and at the elevations indicated.
(d) Same principle applies to oil and grease removal system, where free oil and grease globules lighter than
water rise through the liquid and skimmed from the top surface.
(e) The grease removal system shall be designed to skim, collect, remove and drain grease and oil to a container
or skip for disposal.
(f) The grit and grease shall be removed prior to the subsequent treatment processes because:
(i) The grit particles cannot be broken down by any biological treatment.

(ii) The grit particles are abrasive and wear down equipment.
(iii) The biological treatment in sewage treatment works is not designed to degrade grease.

12.2. Design Requirements

(a) The grit and grease chamber shall be open reinforced concrete chamber, located after the Secondary Screen.
The chamber shall be rectangular, and provided in 2 units. The other requirements of the grit and grease
chamber are summarised in Table 2.5, and requirements of sand bed for dewatering Grit and Grease are
summarised in Table 2.6.
(b) The other requirements are as follows: (i) The flow shall be automatically directed to the bypass in case of
failure of the grit removal system and / or power outages.
(ii) Where mechanical grit systems are used, they shall be installed at an angle of at least 10° to allow drainage
and foul water to be returned to the inlet channel.
(iii) Where manual grit systems are used, allow for safe and easy access to remove grit to a storage bin.
(iv) If grit pump systems are used, the suction pipe shall be short and straight. Tees and short radius bends shall
be avoided. Flanges at strategic locations shall be provided so that they can be dismantled to remove any
blockages.
(v) Air lift pump shall not be used for grit and grease removal.
(vi) The mechanical oil and grease skimming device shall be designed to minimize the water being removed
while skimming the oil and grease.
(vii) Where combined grit and grease chamber is allowed, the total detention time shall comply to 6 minutes at
Qpeak or QRSP.
(viii) Sand pit shall be used for further dewatering of the grease removed before ultimate disposal. The drainage
from the sand pit shall be returned to the inlet channel for further treatment.
(ix) Air blower shall be shared with SHT, provided that the capacity is sufficient and complete with proper
isolation valve. Standby air blower shall be equivalent capacity of the duty air blower.
(x) For aerated grit and grease removal system, adequate discharge points to purge the moisture trapped in the
air distribution pipes shall be provided.
 Description
Design Criteria
Description
Table Item
2.5: Requirements of Grit and Grease Removal System
PE ≤ 5,000
Design
Description Criteria
PE > 5,000
Requirement
(a) Chamber
1.PE ≤ 5,000 type
Simple,
Retention
PE > 5,000 manual
time tank, 2 units @ QRSP or Qpeak each
Table 2.6: Requirements
Mechanical aerated of the Sand Bedunits
for Dewatering QRSPGrit andeach
Grease
PE1. ≤Grit 5,000 - 30
Removal days baffled
5,000 <tank, PE ≤210,000 @- 50%7 days or Qpeak
2.(b) Bypass channel
12.3. Type oftoGrit
Not required
Screed fall and Grease Removal System
(a) One of Chamber type types of system may be selected for the grit removal system: (i) Aerated grit removal
the
Required
1:200
(a) following
system: the grit shall
(c) Grease
3.Manual, be separated
removal
rectangular tank, 2inunits
method an aerated
@ QRSPgrit or Qchamber.
peak each
Collection and removal of grit shall be by
horizontal
Size screw
Minimumof sand1bed
Mechanical, conveyor
unit
aerated and bucket
RC rectangular
baffle wall c/w elevator,
grease
/ rotary horizontal
skimmer
/ vortex screw
tank,(fixedconveyor
or@
2 units and inclined
adjustable).
50% Q RSP Baffle screw
or Qpeakwall conveyor,
shall
each be
horizontal
Area screw
minimum conveyor
100mm
shall be dimensions
(b) Channel and
above
calculated based grit
the pump,
top chain
water and
level
on volume tank)
(for rectangular bucket
and equipment.
minimum openingClassifying
1/3 of equipment
water depth
generated divided by 0.45 m (D) Minimum dimension shall
from be ashall
tank floor.be
cyclone or
Minimum
1Depth: screw-type
m (W)width 1 unit
x 2 mratio classifier.
RC baffle
(L) x=11m: 2(D) Baffles
wall shall
c/w be
half epoxy
round
Length: width ratio = 2 : 1 coated
PVC RC
trough. structure.
Baffle wall shall be minimum 100mm
(ii) Longitudinal
above the
4.Depth: widthgrit removal
top ratio 1 :system:
water=level 2 and
Length: the width
minimumgrit shall
ratiobe=removed
opening 21/3 by horizontal
: 1 of water screw
depth from tankconveyor
floor. and bucket
elevator, horizontal
(d) Bypass
Perforated
(c) Minimum and screw conveyor
detention pipe
overflow
channel and
time at Qpeak inclined screw, horizontal screw conveyor and grit pump or chain and
bucketuPVCequipment.
3 min
Not / HDPE pipes
required Classifying equipment shall be a cyclone or screw-type classifier.
(iii) Vortex
3 min
5.Required type grit removal system: removal of grit shall be by grit pump. Classifying equipment shall be a
cyclone or Side
(e)
Filtrate
(d) screw-type
Gradientslopeof
return classifier.
grease baffle wall
sump
(iv) Grit 5o scraper
Minimum to and
450 mm depthsystem: the grit shall be separated in a rectangular horizontal grit flow chamber
vertical
30o to horizontal collector
by a chain and flights
- to horizontal
6.30o scraping mechanism and removal of grit shall be by horizontal screw conveyor and
bucketFiltrate
elevator,
(f) Grease
(e) horizontal
return
Minimum storage
pipe
hydraulicscrew conveyor
retention and
time at inclined
Qpeak screw conveyor, horizontal screw
conveyor
DI3Sand and
(above
min grit
drying pump, chain
bed VCP (buried)
ground); and bucket equipment. Classifying shall be a cyclone or screw-type classifier.
(v) Square
7.3Sand horizontal
mindrying bed flow grit chamber / degritor system: the grit shall be separated in a square horizontal grit
chamberSplash
(f) by a
(g) Minimum rotating
Grease
pad storage grit
gravity raking
period mechanism
flowbefore
through and
off-site
velocity removal
at Qpeak of grit shall be by a reciprocating rake mechanism
disposal
that also
50030performs
0.2 days
mm
m/s x 500 gritmm washing
x 100 /mm classifying.
(thick)
7 days
8.0.2 m/s
(h) Grit
Sand
(g) Estimated
layer storagegrease quantity at Qavg
0.03200
Top:
Sand m 3/10
mm
drying 3m 3 of sewage
thick
bed coarse sand graded 2 mm to 5 mm. Bottom: 300 mm thick aggregate graded 28 mm
(b) One 0.03
of
toSand40the m
mm. /10
following
drying bed
3 3 m 3 of sewage
types of system shall be selected for the grease removal system:
(i)
(i) Floating Density
weir of
grease grease
(h) Grit storage period before skimmer - Floating
off-sitetype:
disposalthe grease shall be skimmed by using an adjustable weir to set
0.1
the overflow
30 days kg/m3
depth below the grease layer surface.
70.1
(ii) Surface dayskg/m3
scum / oil skimmer: the grease removal is achieved by the inclusion of automatically operated
surface(i)(j) Pipework
skimmers
Estimated which shall of
quantity trapgritthe
at grease
Qavg on a beaching platform and a sweeping mechanism shall be
provided DI,toMinimum
0.03 remove
m3/103mthe 3 100 mm diameter
ofgrease
sewage into a container or skip for disposal.
DI, Minimum
(iii) Rotating
0.03 mpipe m3 100
3/103skimmer mm diameter tank): shall consist of lever operated slotted skimming pipes and valves
(rectangular
of sewage
(j) Grit removal pipe, c/w (for
(k)
lever operators, Aeration pipe requirement
support gateaerated
brackets and
valve type)
necessary
and check appurtenances
valve for a complete and functional installation.
Ductile iron pipe, minimum 100 mm diameter, gradient: 1: 75
13.0 Equalization
Ductile iron pipe, Tankminimum 100 mm diameter, gradient: 1: 75
•
(k) Air requirement
Aeration
13.1 Purpose of Equalization Tank requirement (for aerated rectangular type)
-
(a) The purpose of equalization tank is to:
(i) Dampen10 l/s/meter length ofbefore
flow variations tank entering secondary treatment processes.
• Type of
• Airhydraulic
(ii) Reduce air
requirement diffuser
/ shock loading into secondary treatment processes.
-
(iii) Reduce potential overflows that may cause health hazard and pollution.
(b) The10 Coarse
l/s/meter
equalization air bubble tank diffuser
length isofeffective
tank means of equalizing sewage flow. Apart from stabilizing the pH, the
•• No.
Type of
of air
air blower
diffuser
equalization tank facilitates the dilution of inhibiting substances and proper distribution of the solids.
(c) Equalization tank is mandatory for all treatment processes that are not designed at peak flow, to enable the
treatment 1 duty,
Coarse 1airstandby
processes bubble diffuser
to handle when surge flows occur.
• No. of
(d) However, air blower tank is not required in the case of extended aeration plants that are designed with a
equalization
retention time of more than 18 hours and the clarifiers designed at peak flow.
1 duty, 1 standby
2. Grease Removal
13.2 Requirements of Equalization Tank
(a) The equalization tank shall be open type RC tank, usually rectangular. The liquid in the equalization tank
shall be completely mixed.
 Item
(b) Mixing requirement shall be either submersible mixer or diffused air system.
Description
Requirement
(c) Air blower shall be shared with SHT, provided that the capacity is sufficient and complete with proper
isolation valve. Adequate discharge points to purge the moisture trapped in the air distribution pipes shall be
provided.
(d) The design flow of the upstream and downstream unit processes is recommended as follow:
(i) Where no equalization tank is provided, design flow of unit process at
• Upstream = Peak / pumped flow
• Downstream = Peak / pumped flow
(ii) Where equalization tank is provided, design flow of unit process at
• Upstream = Peak / pumped flow
• Downstream = Average flow
(e) Other requirements are summarised in Table 2.7.

Table 2.7: Requirements of Equalization Tank

14.0 Flow Distribution to the Treatment Process

Appropriate RC distribution box shall be provided to distribute the flow evenly to the downstream treatment
process.
Item
15.0 Mechanical
Description and Electrical Requirements
(a) AllRequirement
exposed metal pipes within the STP boundary shall be flanged joint type.
(b) STP1. shall be provided with EWS.
Type
(c) Refer to TS(CT) 03-1:2018 for the mechanical and electrical requirements.
RC open tank
2.
16.0 Other Amenities
No.TS(CT)
Refer to of tanks04-1:2018 for the requirements on other amenities.
Minimum 1 unit
17.0 Construction
3.
Requirements
17.1 General
Volume of tanks
All construction
(Qpeak – Qavgmethod
) x 1.5shall
hourscomply with the relevant Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
requirements
4. for safety.
17.2 Reinforced Concrete Structures
Emergency overflow
(a) TheTodesign of various
be provided reinforced concrete structures shall be designed by competent person.
(b) Concrete
5. structures shall be designed in accordance with MS 1195:1991, except that concrete structures for
retaining
Pumpsewage and other aqueous liquids shall be designed in accordance with BS EN 1992-3:2006. Unless
otherwise stated elsewhere,
1 duty and 1 standby at theQdesign
avg
working life of all concrete structures shall be 50 years.
(c) The6.foundation for all concrete structures in the STP shall be designed to withstand uneven settlement when
the structures are loaded as well as buoyance due to high water table.
Water level
(d) Concrete for
Bottom water structures retaining
level (BWL): sewage shall
minimum shall have
be thea required
strength grade not less level
submergence than grade
for theC35A.
pump Strength
or 600 mm
gradeswhichever
higher thanhigher.
C35ATopmaywater
be required as design by the competent person.
level (TWL): minimum 500 mm from the top of the tank.
(e) Concrete
7. for purposes other than structures retaining sewage shall have a strength grade not less than grade
C20 where
Mixingunreinforced,
requirementand not less than grade C30 where reinforced.
(f) The reinforcement shall comply with BS 4449:2005+A3:2016.
(g) Cement used shall be resistant to sulphate attack.
(a) Submersible mixer
17.3 Structural Steel at TWL
5 W/m3 of sewage
(a) Structural steel sections shall comply with BS EN 10365:2017 or otherwise with:
(i) BS •EN 10162:2003 for cold rolled steel sections.
Position
(ii) BSTo
EN be10210:2006 forensure
positioned to hot rolled steel
proper sections.
mixing
(iii) BS EN 10025:2004 for weldable structural steel.
(iv) BS• Performance
EN 10296-1:2003, BS EN 10297-1:2003 and BS EN 10305:2016 for steel tube.
(b) The use of structural
Adequate steel intobuilding
mixing thrust, shall
ensure no bezone.
dead in accordance with MS 415: Part 1: 1976.

(b) Diffused air system

(c) Steelwork that may be in contact with sewage through immersion, splash or spray, or that is over tanks
containing sewage, shall be protected against corrosion using one of the following coating systems:
(i) high build tar epoxy system, complying with AS/NZS 3750.2:2008 and applied in two or more coats to give
a total dry film thickness of not less than 200 µm.
(ii) high build micaceous iron oxide pigmented epoxy system complying with AS/NZS 3750.12:1996(R2013)
and applied in two or more coats to give a total dry film thickness of not less 200 µm.
(iii) hot-dipped galvanised coating of 140 µm nominal thickness in accordance with MS 740:1981.
(iv) sealed sprayed zinc coating of 150 µm nominal thickness in accordance with BS EN ISO 2063:2017.
(d) Steelwork that is exposed to the external atmosphere, except severe marine atmospheres, shall be protected
against corrosion using one of the following coating systems:
(i) a prime coat of a two packs polyamide cured epoxy zinc phosphate of dry film thickness 60 to 80 µm with a
finishing coat of a high build micaceous iron oxide chlorinated rubber paint, spray applied to a dry film
thickness of 60 to no more than 80 µm.
(ii) hot-dipped galvanised coating of 85 µm nominal thickness, in accordance with MS 740:1981.
(iii) sealed sprayed zinc coating of 150 µm nominal thickness, in accordance with BS EN ISO 2063:2017.
(e) Steel substrates shall be prepared before application of coatings, in accordance with BS 7079:2009.
(f) Other corrosion protection coating systems for steelwork shall be determined using BS 5493:1977 or
AS/NZS 2312:2014 for tropical atmospheres, to provide 20 or more years with low maintenance.

(g) Unprotected steelwork in contact with sewage shall be stainless steel grade 316S31 complying with BS EN
10088: Part 1 and 3:2014 or BS EN 10029:2010 and BS EN ISO 9445:2010.
(h) Successive coatings of the one component shall be tinted a different colour to facilitate overcoating and
inspection.
(i) Bolts, nuts, screws and other fasteners shall have either: (i) Hot-dipped galvanised, in accordance with MS
739:1981.
(ii) Sherardized zinc coating, in accordance with BS EN ISO 14713-3:2017.
(iii) Electro plating.

(j) Washers and other small components shall have either:

(i) Hot-dipped galvanised, in accordance with MS 740:1981.
(ii) Sherardized zinc coating, in accordance with BS EN ISO 14713-3:2017.
(k) Nuts, bolts, screws and washers in contact with sewage shall be stainless steel of grade 316S31 steel
complying with BS EN 10088: Part 1 and 3:2014 or BS EN 10029:2010 and BS EN ISO 9445:2010.
(l) Fasteners of incompatible material to the component being fastened shall have suitable isolating washers and
sleeves.

18.0 Health and Safety Requirements

The following shall be considered throughout the design, construction and installation:
(a) Provide Safe ingress and egress.
(b) Provide safe working conditions for workers and operators.
(c) Protect the adjoining properties and the public.
(d) Compliance to Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 and Factories and Machinery Act 1967
requirements.
(e) All Electrical works shall comply to Akta Bekalan Elektrik 1990 (Akta 448), Peraturan-Peraturan Elektrik
1994 and the relevant IEC Standards.
(f) The following shall be provided: (i) All moving parts shall be protected by suitable guards. Where
inspection is required, an open mesh with frame and suitably supported maybe used. The maximum aperture of
the mesh shall be 6 mm.
(ii) All guards shall be readily removable and replaceable to the correct orientation only. However the guard
shall be designed with features to prevent accidental dislocation from its' original position. The fasteners when
dropped during dismantling, must be easily retrievable and should not damage any equipment or endanger
personnel, else fixed fasteners shall be used.
(iii) An emergency stop button, preferably of mushroom head type shall be located adjacent to all equipment.
More than one emergency stop button shall be used, if access around the item is restricted.
(iv) Long items, such as conveyor belts, shall have an emergency lanyard applied to each accessible length of
conveyor.
(v) Permanent warning signs shall be posted at visible location for all dangerous areas and shall clearly indicate
the nature of risk at that area. This includes warning signage at low voltage room and other hazardous areas /
confined space.

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