APPLICATIONS OF CFD IN

Applications of CFD in EPD

ENGINEERING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Dr. N. Kulasekharan
Professor | Mechanical Engineering
Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam,
Chennai - 602105

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 1

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Contents
• What is CFD
• How CFD Codes work
•
Applications of CFD in EPD

Engineering Product Development - EPD

• Application of CFD in EPD
• Conclusion

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 2

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 History of CFD
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 3

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 History of CFD
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 4

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 History of CFD
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 5

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Contents
• What is CFD
• How CFD Codes work
•
Applications of CFD in EPD

Engineering Product Development - EPD

• Application of CFD in EPD
• Conclusion

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 6

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Introduction to terminologies
• Computational Viscosity
• Fluid Density
• Dynamics Specific Heat
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 7

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Introduction to terminologies
• Modes of Heat transfer
• Conduction
•
Applications of CFD in EPD

Convection
• Radiation

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 8

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 What is CFD
• Computational Fluid Dynamics or CFD is the
analysis of systems involving fluid flow, heat
transfer and associated phenomena such as
Applications of CFD in EPD

chemical reactions by means of computer

based simulation

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 9

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 What is CFD?
• CFD is the simulation of fluids engineering systems using modeling
(mathematical physical problem formulation) and numerical
methods (discretization methods, solvers, numerical parameters,
and grid generations, etc.)
Applications of CFD in EPD

• Historically only Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD) and Experimental

Fluid Dynamics (EFD).
• CFD made possible by the advent of digital computer and advancing
with improvements of computer resources
(500 flops, 1947→20 teraflops, 2003)

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 10

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Where is CFD used?

• Where is CFD used? Aerospace

• Aerospace
• Automotive
Applications of CFD in EPD

• Biomedical Biomedical

• Chemical Processing
F18 Store Separation
• HVAC
• Hydraulics
• Marine
• Oil & Gas
• Power Generation
• Sports

Automotive Temperature and natural

convection currents in the eye
following laser heating.

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 11

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Where is CFD used?
Chemical Processing
• Where is CFD used?
• Aerospacee
• Automotive
Applications of CFD in EPD

• Biomedical
• Chemical Processing
Polymerization reactor vessel - prediction
• HVAC of flow separation and residence time
• Hydraulics effects.
Hydraulics
• Marine
• Oil & Gas
• Power Generation
• Sports

HVAC
Streamlines for workstation
ventilation
Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 12
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Where is CFD used?
Marine Sports

• Where is CFD used?

• Aerospace
• Automotive
Applications of CFD in EPD

• Biomedical
• Chemical Processing
• HVAC
• Hydraulics
• Marine
• Oil & Gas
• Power Generation
• Sports

Oil & Gas Power Generation

Flow of lubricating Flow around cooling

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professormud over drill bit
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
towers
13
 Contents
• What is CFD
• How CFD Codes work
•
Applications of CFD in EPD

Engineering Product Development - EPD

• Application of CFD in EPD
• Conclusion

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 14

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 What CFD packages do
• Aim is to solve, numerically, the equations of motion
(continuity and motion) for a fluid for a given flow
geometry:
Applications of CFD in EPD

• Plus transport equations for any additional models

such as heat transfer and/or turbulence models

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 15

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Modeling (governing equations)
• Navier-Stokes equations (3D in Cartesian coordinates)
u u u u pˆ   2u  2u  2u 
 + u + v + w =− +  2 + 2 + 2 
t x y z x  x y z 
v v v v pˆ   2v  2v  2v 
 + u + v + w = − +   2 + 2 + 2 
t x y z y  x y z 
Applications of CFD in EPD

w w w w pˆ  2w 2w 2w 

 + u + v + w = − +  2 + 2 + 2 
t x y z z  x y z 

Local Convection Piezometric pressure gradient Viscous terms

acceleration
  (u )  (v )  (w)
+ + + = 0 Continuity equation
t x y z
p = RT Equation of state
D 2 R 3 DR 2 pv − p
R + ( ) = Rayleigh Equation
Dt 2 2 Dt L
Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 16
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Three major steps in CFD

Pre-processing
Applications of CFD in EPD

Processing

Post-processing

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 17

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 How CFD Codes Work
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 18

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 How CFD Codes Work
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 19

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 How CFD Codes Work
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 20

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Meshing the computational domain
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 21

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Meshing the computational domain
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 22

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Meshing the computational domain
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 23

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Advantages of CFD
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 24

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Advantages of CFD
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 25

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Contents
• What is CFD
• How CFD Codes work
•
Applications of CFD in EPD

Engineering Product Development - EPD

• Application of CFD in EPD
• Conclusion

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 26

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Engineering Analysis
• Engineering analysis involves the application of
– scientific analytic principles and
– processes to reveal the properties and state of the
Applications of CFD in EPD

system, device or mechanism under study.

• Engineering analysis is decompositional,
– it proceeds by separating the engineering design into
• the mechanisms of operation or failure,
• analysing or estimating each component of the operation or
failure mechanism in isolation,
• and re-combining the components according to basic
physical principles and natural laws

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 27

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Engineering Analysis
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 28

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Engineering Analysis
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 29

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Engineering Analysis
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 30

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Engineering Product Development
• Engineering Product Development is often
termed as New Product Development (NPD)
• The eight stages of NPD
Applications of CFD in EPD

– 1. Idea Generation
– 2. Idea Screening
– 3. Concept Development and testing
– 4. Business Analysis
– 5. Beta testing and Market Testing
– 6. Technical Implementation
– 7. Commercialization
– 8. New product pricing
Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 31
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Integrated Virtual Product Development
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 32

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
 Conclusion
• CFD and FEA are applied in almost all
engineering product development processes
• Engineering Services is a very large business in
Applications of CFD in EPD

India
• Large employment opportunities are available
for FEA and CFD Analysts
– Technical subject knowledge
– Experience in FEA / CFD tools or software

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 33

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC
Applications of CFD in EPD

Dr. N. Kulasekharan, Professor 34

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEC