MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

ICT401 – NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

SEMESTER ONE FINAL EXAMINATION

DURATION: THREE (3) HOURS

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES

1. Attempt ANY FOUR (4) questions in this paper.

2. You must show ALL your workings clearly to get FULL marks.
3. You may use a non programmed calculator in this examination.

DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

GOOD LUCK!

1
QUESTION ONE

(a) Use Gauss-Jordan method to find the inverses of the following matrices, if possible.

1 2 3 1 1 2 1

(i)
[ ]
4 5 6
7 8 10 (ii)
[ 2 3 −1 −2
4 5 3 0 ] (10 marks)

1 1 0
( )
(b) Let A= 1 2 1 . Find (i) ‖ A‖∞ ( ii )‖ A‖1 .
−1 1 2
(10 marks)

(c) Use the Bisection method to find a solution accurate to within 10−2 for

x 4 −2 x 3−4 x 2+ 4 x +4=0on [ 0 , 2 ] . (5 marks)

QUESTION TWO

dy
(a) Use Classical Runge-Kutta method to obtain y 2 for =3 x2 y where x 0=1 , y 0=2 and
dx
h=0.1 (10 marks)

(b) Reduce the following systems of linear equations into echelon and or reduced echelon
forms and hence solve them by Gaussian elimination method:

3 x 1 +2 x 2 +6 x3 =24
3 x1 +6 x 2=60 2 x 1 +4 x 2 +3 x 3 =23
(i) 5 x 1 +4 x 2=52 (ii) 5 x 1 +3 x 2 +4 x 3 =33 (10
marks)
3
(c) Use Newton’s method to find the x-coordinate of the point where the curve y=x −x

crosses the horizontal line y=1. (5 marks)

2
QUESTION THREE

(a) Show that the value of the determinant

0 1 1 1
1 0 a+b a+c
| |=−4 (ab+bc+ca)
1 b+a 0 b+c
1 c+a c+b 0
(10 marks)
(b) Find an LU – factorization of the coefficient matrix of the following linear system
AX=b . Solve the linear system by using a forward substitution followed by a back
substitution.
6 −2 −4 4 2

(
A= 3 −3 −6 1 , b= −4
−12 8 21 −8
−6 0 −10 7
8
−43
)() (10 marks)

(c) The condition number Ƙ (A ) of a nonsingular matrix A relative to a natural norm ‖.‖ is

Ƙ ( A )=‖ A‖.‖ A−1‖.

Compute the condition number of the following matrix relative to ‖.‖∞

( 4.56
2.79
2.18
1.38 ) (5 marks)

QUESTION FOUR

2
4
(a) Use Simpson’s rule with n=4 to approximate ∫ 5 x dx . (10 marks)
0

(b) Consider a vector x=( 3 ,−1, 2 , 0 , 4 ) , which belongs to the vector space R5 . Determine its
(i) one norm, (ii) two norm and (iii) infinity norm. (5 marks)

3
 (c) Find the first two iterations of the SOR method with ω=1.5for the following linear
system, using X (0)=(0 , 0 , 0)t . (10 marks)

2 x 1−x 2+ x 3=−1
3 x 1+ 3 x 2 +9 x 3=0
3 x 1+3 x 2 +5 x3 =4

QUESTION FIVE

(a) Use modified Euler’s method to approximate y(1.3) given dy =xy , y ( 1 )=1∧h=0.1
dx
(10 marks)
3 2
(b) Show that f (x )=x +4 x −10=0 has a root in [1, 2] and use the Bisection method to
−4
determine an approximation to the root that is accurate to at least within 10 . (5
marks)
(c) Use the Gauss - Seidel method with X (0)=(0 , 0 , 0)tto solve the system of equations:

4 x1 −x2 −x3 =3

−2 x1 +6 x 2 + x 3=9

−x 1+ x2 +7 x 3=−6 (10 marks)

QUESTION SIX

(a) Evaluate the determinant below:

4 2 3 −4

| 3 −2 1
−2 0 1
8 −2 6
5
−3
4
|
(10 marks)
(b) List five properties of determinants. (5 marks)

4
 (c) Find the conditions which λ and μ must satisfy for the following system of linear
equations to have (i) a unique solution, (ii) no solution, (iii) an infinite number of
solutions (10 marks)
x+ y−4 z=0
2 x +3 y + z=1
4 x+7 y + λz=μ

END OF EXAMINATION PAPER

FORMULA SHEET

n 1
p p
1. Vector Norm Formula: p=( ∑ x i| )
i=1
|
2. Successive Over Relaxation Method (SOR).

( k−1) w
x(k)
i = ( 1−w ) x i + ¿
aii

3. Newton Method Formula:

f ( x n)
x n+1=x n −
f ' ( x n)

∂ M ( x , y) ∂ N ( x , y )
4. Exact formula: =
∂y ∂x

5. Euler’s Method Formula:

Y n +1=Y n +hf (x n , y n)

6. Modified Euler Formula:

f ( xn−1 , y n−1) + f (x n , zn )
Y n=Y n−1+ h[ ]
2

5
7. Runge –Kutta Order 4 formula:

h
J n +1=J n + [ k +2 k 2 +2 k 3 +k 4 ¿
6 1