Design Methodology for IoT

Antenna Matching and Integration

with Virtual Antenna™
Dr. Jaume Anguera, IEEE Fellow
CTO and Co-Founder at Fractus Antennas
Barcelona, Spain
Jaume.anguera@fractusantennas.com
José L. Leiva, R&D Engineer
Dr. Aurora Andújar, Senior Product and Business Development Manager
23rd July 2020
Index

• Introduction

• About Virtual Antenna™ Technology – Antenna Booster Technology

• Design Methodology for embedding Virtual Antenna™ in IoT Devices using Microwave
Office

• Conclusions

2
3
 About Virtual AntennaTM

One antenna
Any band
Any device

Use the same antenna in every device, Use the same antenna for every frequency band, even for
regardless of the form factor. Change platform multiple of them all together (multiband design). Change protocol
by just changing the matching network. and frequency by just changing the matching network.

4
About Virtual AntennaTM

Virtual AntennaTM: the latest generation of

miniature, multiband, multipurpose chip antenna
components for cellular/IoT

A game
changing
technology

A single antenna
provides
connectivity in 3G,
4G and 5G bands.

5
Virtual Antenna™ markets
Antennas are needed in a large set of wireless devices (0.5GHz-10.6GHz)

Smart
Trackers Smart Modules &
People, assets, Home
pets, plants… Meters Sensors
& City

IoT

6
Antenna Design Evolution
Volume Antennas for wireless devices have
Volume
Device volume + 90 mm height
Device volume + 90 mm height experimented a spectacular evolution
from external mono-band antennas to
10.000 mm 3
3 internal multi-band antennas
10.000 mm
7.000 mm 3
3
7.000 mm

3.500 mm 3
3
3.500 mm

Virtual Antenna™
Ground Plane Booster Technology
Antenna Technology

100 mm3
125 mm3

Time
Time
1983 1999 2004 2008 2013
1983 1999 2004 2008 2013
J. Anguera, A. Andújar, and C. Puente,
External Internal
External Internal “Antenna-Less Wireless: A Marriage Between
Antenna and Microwave Engineering”,

Resonant
Resonant
Non -Non-resonant
resonant
Microwave Journal (invited paper), vol.60,
no.10, October 2017, pp.22-36

7
IoT antenna, today
PAST NOW

Bulky external antennas

Evolution

Thingy:91 by Nordic Semiconductor mangOH Yellow by Sierra Wireless

▪ TRIO mXTEND™ (30 x 3 x 1 mm3) ▪ RUN mXTEND™ (12 x 3 x 2.4 mm3)
▪ Cellular IoT global tracking module with ▪ Global Cellular IoT
Time consuming and complex to design
embedded antenna ▪ small package (<CR80, credit card)
customized antennas
▪ Cellular + GNSS in a single antenna with embedded antenna
▪ Device size: 50 mm x 50 mm ▪ Device size: 65 mm x 42 mm
See paper at: J. Anguera, A. Andújar, J. L. Leiva, Y. Cobo, J. See paper at: J. Anguera, A. Andújar, J.L. Leiva, C.
Tønnessen, E. Rindalsholt, R. Brandsegg, “Virtual Antenna™ Puente, R. Arribas, Y. Cobo, “Optimizing Wireless
provides mobile and GPS connection in the Thingy:91 cellular Connectivity with Embedded Antennas”, Microwave
IoT module”, Everything RF, May 2020 Journal, June 12, 2020

8
 Facing the Wireless Communication Era
• Smart meters
• Parking Sensors
• Fleet Management
• Smart Home
• Smart City

Virtual Antenna™ Technology is a solution for connecting every single device through a miniature and off-the-
shelf antenna component called antenna booster capable of being tuned at multiple frequency bands with
a high level of performance
Video is available at https://www.fractusantennas.com/virtual-antenna/ 9
About Virtual Antenna™ Technology

• Design Steps to embed an antenna booter in an IoT device

• About Inductors and Capacitors

• Design Examples

If you want to know more about Virtual Antenna™, please visit the following webinar:
“Virtual Antenna™: Design of Wireless Devices Embedding Antenna Boosters” organized
by IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society

10
 Easy design of IoT Devices embedding Virtual Antenna™

• Step #1. Select the best antenna booster and place it on the IoT device
• Step #2. Design the matching network
• Step #3. Measure the device

See paper at: Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, Carles Puente, “Virtual Antenna™: Easy Design of IoT Devices with Embedded Antennas”, Microwave Engineering Europe, Sep-Oct, 2019

11
Video Tutorials

https://www.fractusantennas.com/tutorials/

Video #1

12
 Antenna Placement – Feeding Point

As a rule of thumb,
placing the antenna
booster at the corner
provides better
bandwidth and
efficiency
Thanks to J.V. Navarrete, consultant. RFID vending
machine application

13
Matching Network Design
Clerance area • How can the reactive

Antenna booster impedance be matched at

any band? Or even more
Ground plane: challenge, at two different
120 mm x 60 mm frequency regions?

• Can we match at 824-960MHz

and 1710-2690MHz?

• Can we match at 698-960MHz

and 1710-2200MHz?

Note: this simulated impedance correspond to the RUN mXTEND™

antenna booster on a 120 mm x 60 mm ground plane without a matching
network

14
Video Tutorials

https://www.fractusantennas.com/tutorials/

Video #2

15
 Basic Antenna Parameters: Efficiency

• Efficiency takes into account the power radiated to space (Prad)

Pavs Pload Prad

Zg Pr ad
Radiation Efficiency: = r
Pload

( )
antenna
Vs booster Total efficiency:
Prad
= t = r 1 − S11
2

Matching network Pavs

S11
SWR S11 (dB) 1-S11 (%) 1-S11 (dB) Total efficiency useful for TRP certifications (Total
Radiated Power)
6 -2.9 49.0 -3.1
Example:
3 -6.0 75.0 -1.2 • Output power of the module 23dBm
2 -9.5 88.9 -0.5
• Total effciency 50%

1.5 -14.0 96.0 -0.2 TRP=23dBm-3dB=20dBm

16
Video Tutorials

https://www.fractusantennas.com/tutorials/

Video #3

17
Basic Antena Parameters: Efficiency

18
 About Inductors and Capacitors
• Do I need to know something else besides an L or C value? Yes, Q matters!!
The largest the Q, the better

• The largest the Q, the better

• Low Q may result in poor
performance
• SMD 0201/0402/0603
• Tight tolerance (2%, 3%)

• Vendors provide software applications to analyze the Q value across frequency

http://ds.murata.co.jp/software/simsurfing/en-us/index.html
19
Design Examples

1. ISM Design

2. 2G, 3G Design

3. 2G, 3G, 4G Design

20
ISM Design

Antenna booster is
12 mm x 3 mm x 2.4 mm(h):
/30 at 900MHz

A=120mm, B=109mm,
C=60 mm, D=8mm,
m=5mm
Ground plane is B x C

21
 824MHz-960MHz + 1710MHz-2170MHz Design

Antenna booster is
12 mm x 3 mm x 2.4 mm(h)
/30 at 900MHz

A=120mm, B=109mm,
C=60 mm, D=8mm,
m=5mm
Ground plane is B x C

This product and its use is protected by at least one or more of the following patents and patent applications US 8,203,492; US
8,237,615; PCT/EP2013/064692; WO2014/012842; US 62/028,494; US 62/072,671; and other domestic and international patents
pending.
22
 824MHz-960MHz + 1710MHz-2690MHz Design

Antenna booster is
12 mm x 3 mm x 2.4 mm(h)
/30 at 900MHz

A=120mm, B=109mm,
C=60 mm, D=8mm,
m=5mm
Ground plane is B x C

This product and its use is protected by at least one or more of the following patents and patent applications US 8,203,492; US
8,237,615; PCT/EP2013/064692; WO2014/012842; US 62/028,494; US 62/072,671; and other domestic and international patents
pending.

23
Design of IoT Devices embedding Virtual Antenna™

24
Matching Network Synthesis

1. Select your device (PCB size)

2. Select the suitable antenna booster and position on the PCB
3. Define the frequency bands of operation
4. Specify the target SWR/S11
5. Let the Network Synthesis work for us, and…

“Get your matching network

in the blink of an eye”
Specs: CAP CAP
SUBCKT

Matching Network PORT

P=7
IND
ID=L12 ID=C9 ID=C10
ID=S7
NET="PADS2MM"
1. Frequency bands of Z=50 Ohm L=4.1 nH C=2 pF C=0.7 pF

Synthesis Tool 1

operation
CAP IND IND
2. Target S11 ID=C8
C=0.62 pF
ID=L13
L=14 nH
ID=L14
L=18 nH

Constraints:
1. Number of components
1. Limited values of L and C
25
 Two Methods for Matching Network Synthesis
Method Description
Full layout • Parasitic effects of pads and
CONCEPTION PHASE
(simulation domain) considered in the full-wave
electromagnetic simulation.
• Needs:
1) a full 3D electromagnetic
simulator to obtain the [S] data.
2) A Network Synthesis Tool
3) Need to know the exact
dimensions of the PCB, pads
layout, and antenna booster to
obtain the [S] data.
Single port
DEVELOPMENT PHASE
(measurement domain) Antenna booster • Parasitic effects of pads can be
modelled by circuit simulation
with short transmission lines
Reference place for • A full 3D simulator is not
[S] measurement needed. Only:
1) The physical device
2) Microwave simulator with a
Network Synthesis Tool
ground plane 3) A Vector Network Analyzer
Procedure
1) Full-wave simulation to obtain
the [S] matrix
2) Import the [S] matrix to a
network synthesis tool to
obtain the matching network.
3) Specify targets
4) Network synthesis
1) Measurement of S11 of the
antenna booster in the real
device without any matching
network
2) Import the [S] matrix to a
network synthesis tool to
obtain the matching network.
Pads are modelled by short
transmission lines
3) Specify targets
4) Network synthesis
26
 Designing your Matching Network with Virtual Antenna™
• STEP #1
Include a 50 coaxial transmission line soldered at 3 points
Measure S11 with the phase corrected at the coax-line

Soldering point
to GND
Ground clearance

50  coaxial
transmission line

Short
circuit

Ground
connection

Reference plane for

S11 measurement

27
Designing your Matching Network with Virtual Antenna™
• STEP #2
Import the S11 to Microwave Office
Specify frequency of operation and S11 target (ex. S11 <-6B from 824MHz-960MHz and S11 <-
6dB from 1710MHz-2690MHz)
Get your matching network with the Matching Network Synthesis wizard of Microwave Office.

If you need more information on the Network Synthesis Tool, please visit the following webinar:
https://www.awr.com/resource-library/virtual-antenna-matching-circuit-design-and-integration-iot-devices 28
Designing your Matching Network with Virtual Antenna™
• STEP #2 (cont)

• The matching network

synthesizer obtains
the matching network
in less than 2 minutes

• As a general rule: the

one with less cost and
sensitivity should be
selected

29
Designing your Matching Network with Virtual Antenna™
• STEP #3: Include pads
Ground clearance S11 is shifted

L
C

Ground plane

Half CPW transmission line

without bottom ground

30
 Network Synthesis with Single Port Measurement
ground clearance

L feeding port
C
ground plane
FR4 (1mm, r=4.15,
tan=0.014)

Half CPW transmission line

without bottom ground

Example: A square pad 2 mm x 2 mm, gap 0.5mm, substrate FR4 1 mm, no ground: Zo=64.8 for a symmetric CPW and Zo= 2 · 64.8=91.6
. Since the 2 mm x 2 mm pad is splitted in two parts to allocate a shunt component, the phase for 1mm is 1.59º at 900MHz

31
 Designing your Matching Network with Virtual Antenna™
• STEP #4: Optimize the L-C values of the matching network including pads
• In order to compensate the pad effects,
each L and C value are optimized with
genetic algorithms (GA)
• Since pads are small, the new L and C
values will not differ that much from the
without pads case. Therefore, GA
optimization is performed in such a way that
it allows L and C to vary slightly. Ex:
• L without pads = 5nH
• L with pads can change in the GA from
[4nH-6nH]

32
Designing your Matching Network with Virtual Antenna™
• STEP #5: Substitute L-C values by commercial ones

• Select the part number with the largest Q

33
 Example #1: Multiband Smart-Tracking Platform
Operation from 824MHz-960MHz to 1710MHz-2690MHz

Z1 Z Z Z
RUN
3 5 6
mXTENDTM

Z2 Z4
Device is 131 mm x 60 mm

1) Import [S] data

2) Select frequency range
3) Determine maximum number of
Component Value Part Number components
Z1 4.7nH LQW15AN4N7G80 4) Include range of L and C
Z2 14nH LQW15AN14NG80
5) Define S11 target
Z3 1.9pF GJM1555C1H1R9WB01
Z4 0.9pF GJM1555C1HR90WB01
6) Run optimization to get your
Z5 3.3pF GJM1555C1H3R3WB01
matching network in the blink
Z6 2.9nH LQW15AN2N9G80 of an eye
34
Example #1: Multiband Smart-Tracking Platform
824MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2690MHz • A Multiband Smart-
Tracking Platfrom antenna
system has been designed
following a fully automated
and systematic process
with no need of manual
intervention

• The design process since

simulation till measuring the
designed matching network
takes less than 1 hour

35
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: S11

6 components

824MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2690MHz

7 components

36
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: Total Efficiency

824MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2690MHz

6 components

Results obtained with the

7 components synthesis tool are very close to
those obtained by an antenna
expert with a manual-based
procedure

37
Example #2: NB-IoT Sensor Platform
Example: A square pad 2 mm x 2 mm, gap
0.5mm, substrate FR4 1 mm grounded:
Zo=43.9 for a symmetric CPW and Zo= 2 ·
43.9=62 . Since the 2 mm x 2 mm pad is
splitted in two parts to allocate a shunt
component, the phase for 1mm is 3.65º/2=1.59º
at 900MHz
ground plane
ground
clearance
Half CPW transmission line
feeding line

38
Example #2: NB-IoT Sensor Platform
• A NB-IOT antenna system
has been designed following
a fully automated and
902MHz-928MHz
systematic process with no
12mm need of manual intervention

• The design process since

simulation till measuring the
32mm designed matching network
takes less than 1 hour
67mm

39
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: S11

2 components 902MHz-928MHz

2 components

40
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: Total Efficiency

2 components 902MHz-928MHz

Results obtained with the

synthesis tool are very close to
those obtained by an antenna
2 components
expert with a manual-based
procedure

41
Example #3 : Multiband Smart Meter IoT Platform

• STEP #1
Include a 50 coaxial transmission line soldered at 3 points
Measure S11 with the phase corrected at the coax-line

45 mm 24 mm Antenna booster 12 mm x 3 mm x 2.4 mm

Ground connections
Ground clearance

50  coaxial
145 mm
transmission line

130 mm
Reference plane for S11 measurement

42
Smart Meter Case Study: Synthesized Matching Network

Component Value Part Number

Z1 0Ω resistor
Z2 12nH LQW18AN12NG10
Z3 0.9pF GJM1555C1HR90WB01
Z4 10nH LQW18AN10NG10
Z5 2.1pF GJM1555C1H2R1WB01
Z6 0Ω resistor

Z1 Z3 Z5 Z6

Antenna booster
Z2 Z4

43
Smart Meter Case Study
• A multiband antenna
system has been designed
following a fully automated
and systematic process
824MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2170MHz
with no need of manual
intervention

• The design process since

simulation till measuring the
designed matching network
takes less than 1 hour

44
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: S11

824MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2170MHz
4 components

3 components

45
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: Total Efficiency
824MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2170MHz

4 components

Results obtained with the

synthesis tool are very close to
those obtained by an antenna
3 components expert with a manual-based
procedure

46
Example #4: Multiband Smart-Tracking Platform
Operation from 698MHz-960MHz to 1710MHz-2690MHz

Z1 Z3 Z5 Z7
TRIO
mXTENDTM

Z2 Z4 Z6

Component Value Part Number

Z1 0Ω Resistor
Z2 9.1nH LQW18AN9N1G80
Z3 1.5pF GJM1555C1H1R5WB01
Z4 12nH LQW18AN12NG80
Z5 1.0pF GJM1555C1H1R0WB01
Device is 142 mm x 60 mm Z6 13nH LQW18AN13NG80
Z7 1.5pF GJM1555C1H2R2WB01

This product and its use are protected by at least one or more of the following patents and patent applications PAT. US
62/529032; and other domestic and international patents pending. Additional information about patents related to this product is
available at www.fractusantennas.com/virtual-antenna/

47
Example #4: Multiband Smart-Tracking Platform
• A multiband antenna
system has been designed
following a fully automated
and systematic process
698MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2690MHz
with no need of manual
intervention

• The design process since

simulation till measuring the
designed matching network
takes less than 1 hour

48
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: S11

698MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2690MHz
6 components

7 components

49
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: Total Efficiency
698MHz-960MHz 1710MHz-2690MHz

6 components

7 components

Results obtained with the synthesis tool are very close to those obtained by an
antenna expert with a manual-based procedure
50
Towards the Future: Robots will Embed Antenna
Boosters in Wireless Devices

51
NN Wireless Fast Track
Your Antenna Design,
Free of Charge,
In 24h

1. Fill out the form

2. Reply to email
3. Get free design in 24h

Off-the-shelf and tiny Virtual Antenna™ component specially selected

for your application by the NN Engineering Team.

https://www.fractusantennas.com/fast-track-project/

52
Conclusions
▪ Antenna Boosters are small, multi-band, off-the-shelf antenna product, and
pick&place (SMD component)
▪ The unique features of Virtual Antenna™ in combination with the Network
Synthesis tool of Microwave Office, makes the Design of wireless devices
embedding antenna boosters fast and easy. This method is faster and easier than
to design an antenna from scratch
▪ Proven technology through commercial products developed by Fractus Antennas

APPLICATIONS:
• Trackers
• Smart meters
• Smart home, city, farm
• Modules and Sensors

53
Acknowledgement
• This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement Nº 674491

• This project has received several fundings from Spanish Ministry of Industry, Energy,
and Tourism belonging to the National Plan of Scientific Research, Development, and
Technology Innovation.

• To Cadence for the AWR licenses to use the software for this course

54
Many Thanks
• All people following from home,
many thanks for attending!

55
Design Methodology for IoT
Antenna Matching and Integration
with Virtual Antenna™
Dr. Jaume Anguera, IEEE Fellow
CTO and Co-Founder at Fractus Antennas
Barcelona, Spain
Jaume.anguera@fractusantennas.com
José L. Leiva, R&D Engineer
Dr. Aurora Andújar, Senior Product and Business Development Manager
2020

23rd July 2020

References
• J. Anguera, I. Sanz, C. Puente, J. Mumbrú, “Wireless device including a Multiband Antenna”, US9130267 (B2) ;
US15/331390, 2007
• J. Anguera, A. Andújar, C. Puente, and J. Mumbrú, “AntennaLess Wireless Device”, US8203492 (B2) ; US9130259
(B2) ; US9276306 (B2) ; US2016/0141756 (A1), 2008
• J. Anguera, A. Andújar, C. Puente, and J. Mumbrú, “AntennaLess Wireless Device Capable of Operation in Multiple
Frequency Regions”, CN102084542 (B2) ; EP2319121 (A1) ; US8237615 (B2) ; US8736497 (B2) ; US9350070 (B2) ;
US2016/0233584 (A1), 2008
• J. Anguera, C. Borja, C. Picher, and A. Andújar, “Wireless Device Providing Operability for Broadcasting Standards
and Method Enabling such Operability”, patent app. WO/2010/145825
• J. Anguera and A. Andújar, “AntennaLess Wireless Device Comprising One or More Bodies”, US9147929 (B2)
• A. Andújar, J. Anguera, C. Puente, and C. Picher, “Wireless Device Capable of Multiband MIMO Operation”,
ZL2011800422883 (B2); US9112284 (B2); US8952855 (B2)
• A. Andújar and J. Anguera, “Compact Radiating Array for Wireless Handheld or Portable Devices”, US9577325 (B2)
• J. Anguera, C. Picher, A. Andújar, and C. Puente, “Concentrated Antennaless Wireless Device Providing Operability in
Multiple Frequency Regions”, US9379443 (B2) ;
• A. Andújar and J. Anguera, “Scattered Virtual Antenna Technology for Wireless Devices”, patent app. US61/837265

57
References
• J. Anguera, A. Andújar, and C. Puente, “Wireless handheld devices, radiation systems and manufacturing methods”,
patent app. US13/946922
• J. Anguera, N. Toporcer, and A. Andújar, “Slim bar booster for electronics devices”, patent app. EP14178369
• A. Andújar and J. Anguera, “Wireless device using an array of ground plane boosters for multiband operation”, patent
app. US62/139809
• J. Anguera and A. Andújar, “Coupled Antenna System for Multiband Operation”, patent app. US62/159,998
• J. Anguera and A. Andújar, “Wireless Device”, patent app. US 2017/0202058
• A. Andújar, Y. Cobo, and J. Anguera, “Wireless Device Including Optimized Antenna System on Metal Frame”, patent
app. US2017/0214776
• J. Anguera and A. Andújar, “Multi Structure Antenna for Multiband Operation”, patent app.US2017/0214137
• J. Anguera, A. Andújar, and A. Teotino, “Miniature Sharkfin Wireless Device with Shaped Ground Plane”, patent app.
US 2017/0222302
• A. Andújar, J. Anguera, and C. Puente, “Wireless Device Including a Metal Frame Antenna System Based on Multiple
Arms”, patent app. US2017/0237151
• J. Anguera and A. Andújar, “Ground plane booster antenna technology for wearable devices”, patent app.
US15/449,551

58
References
• A. Andújar and J. Anguera, “Wireless Device and Antenna System with Extended Bandwidth”
• J. Anguera, A. Andújar, C. Puente, and R. Mateos, “Modular multi-stage antenna system and component for wireless
communications”, patent App. US62/529,032
• J. Anguera and A. Andújar, “Virtual Antenna Solution in Close Proximity to Conductive Bodies”, patent app. US
62578538
• J. Anguera and A. Andújar, C. Puente, “Compact Antenna Technology for Wireless Communications”, patent app. US
62870837

59
References
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, José L. Leiva, Rosa M. Mateos, “Embedded Antennas in Cellular IoT
Platforms”, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, March 2020.
• Aurora Andújar, Yolanda Cobo, Ignasi Anglada, Sungtek Kahng, and Jaume Anguera, “Compact Antenna System for a
Smart Watch Using a Non-Resonant Element“, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2019,
Krakow, Poland, April 2019.
• Aurora Andújar and Jaume Anguera, “Integration of a Non-Resonant Antenna in a Smartphone for Multiband
Operation”, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2018, London, UK, April 2018.
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, José L. Leiva, Cor Schepens, Roberto Gaddi, Sungtek Kahng, “Multiband Antenna
Operation with a Non-Resonant Element Using a Reconfigurable Matching Network”, European Conference on
Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2018, London, UK, April 2018
• Aurora Andújar, Jaume Anguera, and Rosa Mª Mateo, “Multiband Non-Resonant Antenna System with Reduced
Ground Clearance”, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2017, Paris, France, April 2017.
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, Rosa Mª Mateo, and Sungtek Kahng, “A 4 x 4 MIMO Multiband Antenna System with
Non-Resonant Elements for Smartphone Platforms”, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP
2017, Paris, France, April 2017
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, Jussi Rahola, Jaakko Juntunen, “Synthesis of Multiband Matching Networks for Non-
Resonant Antennas”, Computing and Electromagnetics CEM’17, Barcelona, Spain, June 2017.
• Aurora Andújar and Jaume Anguera, “MIMO Antenna System for Smartphones Using Non-Resonant Elements”,
European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2016, Davos, Switzerland, April 2016.

60
References
• Jaume Anguera and Aurora Andújar, “A Non-Resonant Element for Multiband Operation in Smartphones and Tablets”,
European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2016, Davos, Switzerland, April 2016.
• Aurora Andújar, Jaume Anguera, Cristina Picher, and Carles Puente, “Ground Plane Booster Antenna Technology.
Human Head Interaction: Functional and Biological Analysis”, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation,
EuCAP 2012, Prague, Czech Republic, March 2012
• Aurora Andújar, Jaume Anguera, and Carles Puente, “Ground Plane Boosters to Provide Multi-band Operation in
Wireless Handheld Devices”, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2011, pp. 599-603, Rome,
Italy.
• Aurora Andújar, Jaume Anguera, Cristina Picher, and Carles Puente, “Ground Plane Booster Antenna Technology.
Human Head Interaction: Functional and Biological Analysis”, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation,
EuCAP 2012, Prague, Czech Republic, March 2012
• Aurora Andújar, Jaume Anguera, Cristina Picher, and Carles Puente, “Human Head Interaction Over Ground Plane
Booster Antenna Technology: Functional and Biological Analysis”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, B Vol. 41,
pp-153-185, 2012.
• Aurora Andújar and Jaume Anguera, “On the Radiofrequency System of Ground Plane Booster Antenna Technology”,
Electronics Letters, vol.48, no. 14, pp. 815-817, July 2012
• Jaume Anguera and Aurora Andújar, “Ground Plane Contribution in Wireless Handheld Devices using Radar Cross
Section Analysis”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, vol.26, pp-101-114, 2012
• Aurora Andújar and Jaume Anguera, “Multiband Coplanar Ground Plane Booster Antenna Technology”, Electronics
Letters, vol.48, no. 21, pp. 1326-1328, Oct. 2012
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References
• Aurora Andújar and Jaume Anguera, “Magnetic Boosters for Multi-band Operation”, Microwave and Optical
Technology Letters, vol.55, no. 1, pp.65-75, January 2013
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, Minh-Chau Huynh, Charlie Orlenius, Cristina Picher, and Carles Puente, “Advances
in Antenna Technology for Wireless Handheld Devices”, International Journal on Antennas and Propagation, Volume
2013, Article ID 838364.
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, and Carlos García, “Multiband and Small Coplanar Antenna System for Wireless
Handheld Devices”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.61, no. 7, pp. 3782-3789, July 2013.
• Aurora Andújar, Jaume Anguera, and Yolanda Cobo, “Distributed Systems Robust to Hand Loading based on Non-
Resonant Elements”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol.55, no. 10, pp.2307-2317, Oct. 2013.
• Aurora Andújar and Jaume Anguera, “MIMO Multiband Antenna System Combining Resonant and Non-Resonant
Elements”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol.56, no. 5, pp.1076-1084, May 2014.
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, and Adrián Bujalance, “Non-resonant element in a slotted ground plane for multiband
antenna operation”, ETRI Journal, vol.36, no. 5, pp. 835- 840, October 2014.
• Cristina Picher, Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, Carles Puente, and Adrián Bujalance, “Concentrated Ground Plane
Booster Antenna Technology for Multiband Operation in Handset Devices”, Radioengineering, Vol. 23, no. 4, Dec.
2014. pp.1061-1070.
• José Luis Leiva, Aurora Andújar, Jaume Anguera, “On the behavior of a compact antenna system with non-resonant
elements: human head analysis”, International Journal of Electronics, vol.102, no. 11, pp.1943-1962, 2015

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References
• Aurora Andújar and Jaume Anguera, “MIMO Multiband Antenna System with Non-Resonant Elements”, Microwave
and Optical Technology Letters, vol.57, no. 1, pp.183-190, Jan. 2015
• Cristina Picher, Jaume Anguera, Adrián Bujalance, Aurora Andújar, “Ground Plane Booster Antenna Technology using
a Self-Diplexed Matching Network for Multiband Operation”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol.58, no. 2,
pp.453-461, February 2016.
• Jaume Anguera, Cristina Picher, Adrián Bujalance, and Aurora Andújar, “Ground Plane Booster Antenna Technology
for Smartphones and Tablets”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol.58, no. 6, pp.1289-1294, June 2016.
• Luis Grau, Aurora Andújar, and Jaume Anguera, “On the Isolation of a MIMO 2 x 2 Antenna System using Non-
Resonant Elements: 1.71GHz-2.69GHz case study”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 59, no. 9,
pp.2348-2353, Sep. 2017.
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, and Carles Puente, “Antenna-Less Wireless: A Marriage Between Antenna and
Microwave Engineering”, Microwave Journal (invited paper), vol.60, no.10, October 2017, pp.22-36.
• Aurora Andújar, Yolanda Cobo, and Jaume Anguera, “Effects of a Phantom Hand on a Non-Resonant Element for a
2.5GHz Smartwatch Antenna”, International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 98, pp. 1-7, Jan. 2019.
• Aurora Andújar, José L. Leiva, Jaume Anguera, Cor Schepens, Roberto Gaddi, “Chip Antenna-Antenna Tuner Combo
Cover LTE Bands”, Microwave Journal (invited paper), vol.62, no.1, Jan. 2019, pp.70-78.
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, Guzmán Mestre, Jussi Rahola, Jaakko Juntunen, “Design of Multiband Antenna
Systems for Wireless Devices Using Antenna Boosters”, IEEE Microwave Magazine, pp.102-114, Dec. 2019.
• Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, Carles Puente, “Virtual Antenna™: Easy Design of IoT Devices with Embedded
Antennas”, Microwave Engineering Europe, Sep-Oct, 2019
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