Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Replaces
ANSI/AGMA 2000 --A88)
Gears
10
-A
-1
51
02
A
M
G
A
/I
S
N
A
Accuracy Classification System - Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical
American Gears
National ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01
[Revision of ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88]
Standard
Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require-
ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the
standards developer.
Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review,
substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.
Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily una-
nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a
ABSTRACT
This standard, for spur and helical gearing, correlates gear accuracy grades with gear tooth tolerances. It pro-
vides information on minimum requirements for accuracy groups as well as gear measuring practices. Annex
material provides guidance on filtering and information on comparison of gear inspection methods.
Published by
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Contents
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Scope
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. . . . . .
2 Normativereferences ................................................1
3 Symbols,terminologyanddefinitions .................................. 2
4 Manufacturing and purchasing considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 Application of the AGMA classification system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6 Measuringmethodsandpractices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
7 Tolerance values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
8 Master
gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
..
Annexes
A Tolerance tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
B Tolerance system development and comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C Example of statistical process control (SPC) application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
D Involuteandhelixdatafiltering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
.
E Sectorpitchdeviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figures
1 Helix
deviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
2 Profile
deviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
3 Functional profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
4 Pitch
deviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
5 I llustration of AGMA classification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Tables
1 Alphabetical table of terms with symbols, by terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2 Alphabetical table of symbols with terms, by symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
3 Referenceformethodsandtolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
4 Geartypesandmeasurementmethods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5 Minimumnumberofmeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
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ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
Foreword
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for
informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA Standard
2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical
Gears.]
This standard provides tolerances for different gear accuracy grades from A2 to A11 for
unassembled spur and helical gears. Applicable definitions are provided.
The purpose is to provide a common basis for specifying accuracy, and for the procurement
of unassembled gears.It is nota design manual for determining the specific quality levels for
a given application.
AGMA 390.03 of 1973 was a consolidation of several AGMA publications, including:
AGMA 235.02 (Feb. 1966), Information Sheet for Master Gears
AGMA 239.01 (Oct. 1965), Measuring Methods and Practices Manual for Control of
Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gears
AGMA 239.01A (Sept. 1966), Measuring Methods and Practices Manual for Control of
Bevel and Hypoid Gears, and parts of
AGMA 236.05 (ASA B6.11, June 1956), Inspection of Fine--Pitch Gears
AGMA 390.02 (Sept. 1964), Gear Classification Manual srcinally published as AGMA
390.01 (1961)
Data was added for Gear Rack and Fine--Pitch Worms and Wormgears. The former AGMA
390.02 for Coarse--Pitch and Fine--Pitch Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gearing was
enhanced to offer a single, compatible classification system. The tolerance identifier “Q”
was added to indicate that the tolerances in 390.03 apply. If Q is not used as a prefix in the
quality number, tolerances in AGMA 390.01 and 390.02 applied.
ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88 was an update of those sections from AGMA 390.03 for parallel
axis gears only. Additionally, the formulas stated the tolerances in metric terms. The
iv
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
v
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
ACTIVE MEMBERS
I. Laskin . . . . . . . . Consultant
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
M. Antosiewicz . . The Falk Corporation W.E. Lake . . . . . . MitsubishiGe arTech . Center (AG)
M.J. Barron . . . . . Gear Motions, Inc. A.J. Lemanski . . . Penn State University
D. Behling . . . . . . Hamilton Sundstrand Aero. G.A. Luetkemeier Rockwell Automation/Dodge
M.K. Considine . . Considine Associates D. Matzo . . . . . . . Northwest Gears, Inc.
R. Considine . . . . Considine Associates P.A. McNamara . Caterpillar, Inc.
J.S. Cowan . . . . . Eaton Corporation W.J. Michaels . . . Sundstrand Corporation
M.E. Cowan . . . . Process Equipment Co. M. Milam . . . . . . . Amarillo Gear Company
B. Cowley . . . . . . Mahr Corporation T. Miller . . . . . . . . The Cincinnati Gear Company
C. Dick . . . . . . . . . The Horsburgh & Scott Co. M. Nanlawala . . . IIT Research Institute/INFAC
H.D. Dodd . . . . . . Caterpillar, Inc. M. Octrue . . . . . . Centre Technique Des Ind. Mec.
R. Green . . . . . . . R--7 Group, Gear Consultants T. Okamoto . . . . . Nippon Gear Company, Ltd.
D. Gregory . . . . . Gear Products, Inc. J.A. Pennell . . . . . Univ. of Newcastle--Upon--Tyne
B. Gudates . . . . . Fairfield Manufacturing Co., Inc. K.R. Price . . . . . . Eastman Kodak Company
J.S. Hamilton
H. Harary . . . . .. .. .. NIST
Regal--Beloit Corporation R.S. Ramberg . .. .. The
V.Z. Rychlinski BradGear
FooteWorks
Gear --Works,
Seattle, Inc.
Inc.
D. Heinrich . . . . . Xtek, Incorporated D.H. Senkfor . . . . Precision Gear Company
G. Henriot . . . . . . Consultant S. Shariff . . . . . . . PMI Food Equipment Group
J. Horwell . . . . . . Brown & Sharpe E. Storm . . . . . . . Consultant
S. Johnson . . . . . The Gear Works -- Seattle, Inc. T. Waldie . . . . . . . Philadelphia Gear Corporation
T. Klemm . . . . . . . Liebherr R.F. Wasilewski . Arrow Gear Company
D.E. Kosal . . . . . . National Broach & Machine Co. F.M. Young . . . . . Forest City Gear Company
J. Koshiol . . . . . . Columbia Gear Corporation P. Zwart . . . . . . . Caterpillar, Inc.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
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ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90, Gear Nomenclature, NOTE: Some of the symbols and terminology con-
Definitions of Terms with Symbols tained in this document may differ from those used in
other documents and AGMA standards. Users of this
ANSI/AGMA 2110--A94, Measuring Instrument standard should assure themselves that they are using
Calibration -- Part I, Involute Measurement (Metric) the symbols, terminology and definitions in the manner
indicated herein.
ANSI/AGMA 2113--A97, Measuring Instrument
Calibration, Gear Tooth Alignment Measurement 3.1 Fundamental terms and symbols
ANSI/AGMA 2114--A98, Measuring Instrument The terminology and symbols used in this standard
Calibration, Gear Pitch and Runout Measurements are liste d alphabetically by term in table 1, and
alphabetically by symbol in table 2.
ISO 701:1998, International gear notation --
Symbols for geometrical data 3.2 Definitions
cumulative pitch deviation, total, F p The largest
algebraic difference between the index deviation
values for a specified flank.
3 Symbols, termino logy and defin itions
Distinction is not made as to the direction or
The symbols, terminology and definitions pertaining algebraic sign of this reading. Such a distinction
to the tolerances and inspection of spur and helical would require a purely arbitrary specification of a
gear teeth are listed here for use in this standard. For direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) traveled
other definitions of geometric terms related to between the two teeth comprising the total cumula-
gearing, see ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90. tive pitch deviation.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Table 1 (concluded)
Terms Symbol Units Whereused
Profile tolerance, total F"T mm 7.2.5.1
Single flank composite deviation, tooth--to--tooth (filtered) fis mm 3.2
Single flank composite deviation, total Fis mm 3.2
Single flank composite tolerance, tooth--to--tooth fisT mm 7.2.3
Single flank composite tolerance, total FisT mm 7.2.4
Single pitch deviation fpt mm 3.2
Single pitch deviation tolerance fptT mm 7.2.1
Tolerance diameter dT mm 3.2
Tooth thickness measurement s -- -- Table 3
3
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
This standard specifies direction of tolerancing for the datum surfaces. It is the axis to which the gear
total cumulative pitch deviation to be along the arc of details, and in particular the pitch, profile, and helix
the tolerance diameter, dT, circle within the trans- tolerances are defined. See AGMA 915--3--A99.
verse plane. Tolerances for total cumulat ive pitch
deviation are provided by the formula in 7.2.2 of this
design helix The helix specified by the designer as
standard.
shown on the design specification. When not
datum axis The datum axis of the gear is defined by specified, it is an unmodif ied helix. See figure 1.
Key
+
+
! !
+
F ff !
fH
-- -- --
L! L! L!
i) b b b
+
+
+
!
F !
-- ! fH
ff -- --
L! L! L!
b b b
ii)
+ +
+
!
F !
-- ! -- fH
ff --
L! L! L!
iii) b b b
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
design profile The profile specified by the designer functional profile That portion of the tooth flank
as shown on the desig n specification. When not between the profile control diameter and the start of
specified, it is an unmodified involute. See figure 2. tip break, see figure 3.
Key
: Design profile : Measured profile : Mean profile line
ii) Design profile: modified involute (example with tip relief only)
Measured profile: with minus material outside the evaluation range
c
"
-- + c
"
-- + c
"
-- +
L L L
i) CD CD
CD
c
"
L
-- + c
"
-- + c
"
-- +
L L
ii) CD CD CD
c c
"
L -- + "
L
-- +
c
"
-- +
L
iii) CD CD CD
5
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
plane, on a line tangent to the base circle. A condition wherein the actual tooth flank position
was farther from the datum tooth flank, in the
helix deviation, total, F# Distance between two specified measuring path direction, than the theoret-
design helix lines which enclose the actual helix ical position would be considered a plus (+) devi-
trace over the evaluation range, L !, see figure 1a. ation.
6
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
+fpt
pt k $ pt
Index
deviation
theoretical
actual
Figure 4 -- Pitch deviations
This standard specifies direction of tolerancing for be included in the calcu lation of the profi le form
index deviation to be along the arc of the tolerance deviation, ff", and total profile deviation, F ". Minus
diameter, d T, circle within the transverse plane. material beyond the tip break may be ignored. This
standard specifies the direction of tolerancing for
mean helix line A line (or curve) that has the same
profile deviation to be in a transverse plane, on a line
shape as the design helix, but aligned with the
tangent to the base circle.
measured trace. It is developed by subtracting the
ordinates of a straight--line gradient from the ordi- profile deviation, total, F% Distance between two
nates of the design heli x. Within the evalu ation design profile lines which enclose the actual profile
range, L!, the straight--line gradient is found by trace over the functional profile length, L%c, see
applying the least squares method to the deviation of figure 2a.
the measured helix trace from the specified design profile evaluation range The profile is evaluated
helix. over the specified functional profile length.
NOTE: This helix is an aid in the determination of the profile form deviation, ff% Distance between two
deviations f f# (figure 1b) and f H# (figure 1c). facsimiles of the mean profile line, which are each
mean profile line A line (or curve) that has the same placed with constant separation from the mean
shape as the design profile, but aligned with the profile line, so as to enclose the actual profile trace
measured trace. It is developed by subtracting the over the functional profile length, L %c, see figure 2b.
ordinates of a straight--line gradient from the ordi- profile slope deviation, fH% Distance between two
nates of the desi gn profile. Within the funct ional design profile lines which intersect the mean profile
profile length, L"c, the straight--line gradient is found line at the endpoints of the functional profile length,
by applying the least squares method to the devi- L"c, see figure 2c.
ation of the measured profile trace from the specified
The profile slope deviation is deemed to be positive
design profile.
and the corresponding pressure angle deviation is
NOTE: This profile is an aid in the determination of ff% deemed to be negative when the mean profile line
(figure 2b) and f H% (figure 2c). shows an increase in material toward the tooth tip,
relative to the design profile.
profile control diameter A specified diameter of
the circle beyond which the tooth profile must roll path length The linear distance along a base
conform to the specified involute curv e. See tangent line from its intersection with the base circle
functional profile. to the given point on the involute curve in the
transverse plane.
profile deviation Amount by which a measured
NOTE:Roll path length is an alternative to roll angle for
profile deviates from the design profile. Deviations specification of selected diameter positions on an invo-
caused by plus material beyond the tip break must lute profile.
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ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
single flank composite test A test of transmission The location of pitch and helix measurements shall
error, performed where mating gears are rolled be at the tolerance diameter. See 4.3.3.
together, at their proper center distance, with
transmission error The deviation of the position of
backlash, and with only the dri ving and driven flanks
the driven gear, for a given angular position of the
in conta ct. Deviations are measured in terms of
driving gear, from the position that the driven gear
angular displacement and converted to linear dis-
would occupy if the gears were geometrically
placement at the pitch radius.
perfect.
single flank composite deviation, tooth--to--
tooth (filtered), f is The value of the greatest single
flank composite deviation over any one pitch (360/z), 4 Manufacturing and purch asing
after removal of the long term component (sinusoidal considerations
effect of eccentricity), during a single flank compos-
ite test, when the gear is moved through one
revolution. This standard provides classification tolerances and
measuring methods for unassembled gears. This
single flank composite deviation, total, Fis The clause presents considerations for control of the
maximum measured transmission error range, dur- various phases of manufacturing, including the
ing a single flank composite test, when the gear is recommended methods of measurement control.
moved through one revolution.
These methods provide the manufacturer and
single pitch deviation, fpt The displacement of any purchaser with recommendations for verifying the
tooth flank from its theoretical position relative to the accuracy of a manufactured product, as well as
corresponding flank of an adjacent tooth, see information relative to the interpretation of measure-
figure 4. ment data.
Distinction is made as to the algebraic sign of this Some design and application considerations may
reading. Thus, a condition wherein the actual tooth warrant measuring or documentation not normally
flank position was nearer to the adjacent tooth flank available in standard manufacturing processes.
than the theoretical position would be considered a Specific requirements are to be stated in the
minus (--) deviation. A condition wherein the actual contractual documents.
tooth flank position was farther from the adjacent
In the previous (AGMA 2000--A88) classification
tooth flank than the theoretical position would be system, higher AGMA accuracy numbers desig-
considered a plus (+) deviation.
nated higher precision. In this stan dard, lower
This standard specifies tolerancing direction of AGMA accuracy grades designate higher precision
measurement for single pitch deviation to be along in order to be consistentwith international standards.
the arc of the tolerance diameter, d T, circle within the To avoid confusion, the designator “A” shall be used
transverse plane. Tolerances for single pitch devi- when specifying accuracy grades from this
ation are provided by the formula in 7.2.1 of this standard.
standard.
4.1 Manufacturing certification
start of tip break Minimum specified diameter at
which the tip break can occu r. See ANSI/AGMA Certification of variations in accordance with the
1012--F90. gear’s specific AGMA accuracy grade and inspec-
tion charts or data can be requested as part of the
tolerance diameter, dT The diameter located one purchase contract.
normal module below the design outside diameter,
thereby being approximately at mid--height. The manufacturing of gearing to a specified accura-
cy may or may not include specific measurements.
d T " D o # 2m n (2)
When applications warrant, detailed specific
8
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
normally considered items which are to be mutually ance of the necessary accuracy having been built--in
agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser. through careful manufacturing control at each step.
For information on the use of statistical process NOTE: Documentation may be deemed unnecessary
forproduc ts manufactured under process control when
control (SPC), see annex C. inspection records are not specified in the purchase
contract.
NOTE: Specifying an AGMA accuracy grade or mea-
surement criteria that requires closer tolerances than With proper application of process control, relatively
required by the application may increa se the cost few measurements may be made on any one gear.
unnecessarily.
For examp le, toot h size may be evaluated by a
4.2 Process control measurement on only two or three sections of a
given gear. It is assumed that these measurements
Process control is defined as the method by which are representative of all the teeth on the gear. Gears
made in quantity may be inspected at various steps
gear accuracy
individual step is
ofmaintained throughprocess.
the manufacturing control of Upon
each in their manufacturing process on a sampling basis.
completion of all manufacturing operations, a spe- It is possible that a specific gear can pass through
cific gear has been given an inherent level of the entire production process without ever having
accuracy; this level of accuracy was established been measured. Based on appropr iate confidence
during the manufacturing process, and it is totally in the applied process control, the manufacturer of
independent of any final inspection. that gear must be able to certify that its accuracy is
equal to those gears that were measured.
Process control includes elements such as
manufacturing planning, maintenance of machine 4.3 Measurement methods
tools, cutting tool selection and maintenance, heat Gear geometry may be measured by a number of
treatment control, and accuracy assurance pro- alternatemeth ods as shown in table 3. The selection
grams, as needed, to achieve and maintain the of the particul
necessary gear accurac y. When properly applied,
gears manufactured by specific control techniques ar method depends on the magnitude of the
will be found to be of uniform accuracy. Therefore, tolerance, the size of the gear, the production
little or no final inspection may be necessary for a quantities, equipment available, accuracy of gear
gear, particularly in some classification levels; assur- blanks, and measurement costs.
Parameter Location of
Measurement description
symbol tolerance (clause)
Elemental:
Fp Cumulative pitch, total 7.2.2
fpt Single pitch 7.2.1
F% Profile, total 7.2.5.1
ff% Profile form 7.2.5.3
fH% Profile slope 7.2.5.2
F! Helix, total 7.2.6.1
ff! Helix form 7.2.6.3
fH! Helix slope 7.2.6.2
Composite:
F Single flank composite, total 7.2.4
fisis Single flank composite, tooth--to--tooth 7.2.3
cp Contact pattern -- --
Size:
s Tooththickness ----
9
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
The manufacturer or the purch aser may wish to tolerance diameter, d T, as specified in 3.2.
measure one or more of the geometric features of a
Normally the tolerances apply to both sides of the
gear to verify its accur acy grade. A gear which is teeth unless only one side is specified as the loaded
specified to an AGMA accuracy grade must meet all side. In some cases, the loaded side may speci fy
the individual tolerance requirements applicable to higher accuracy than the nonloaded or minimum--
the particular accuracy grade and size as noted in loaded side; if applicable, this information is to be
tables 4 and 5. Unless otherwise specified, all specified on the gear engineering drawing (see
measurements are taken and evaluated at the 4.4.6).
Minimum acceptable
Accuracy group Grade designator Alternative method
parameters
Group M
Low(L) A10--A11 Fp, f pt, s Group H
s, radial method1)
Medium(M) A6--A9 Fp, f pt, s , F %, F ! Group H
Fp, f pt, s
High(H) A2--A5 F%, f f%, f H% cp, F is, f is, s
F!, f f!, f H!
NOTE:
1) See ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--2.
Elemental:
Two probe All teeth All teeth All teeth
Fp: Cumulative pitch, total
Single probe All teeth All teeth All teeth
Two probe All teeth All teeth All teeth
fpt: Single pitch
Single probe All teeth All teeth All teeth
F%: Profile, total
ff%: Profile form Profile test -- -- 3 teeth 4 teeth
fH%: Profile slope
F!: Helix, total
ff!: Helix form Helixtest -- -- 3teeth 4teeth
fH!: Helix slope
Composite:
Fis: Single flank composite, total All teeth All teeth All teeth
fis: Single flank composite,
All teeth All teeth All teeth
tooth--to--tooth
cp: Contactpattern 3places 3places 3places
Sizes:
s: Tooth thickness Tooth caliper 2 teeth 3 teeth 4 teeth
Measurement over or 1 place 1 place 2 places
between pins
Span measurement 1 place 2 places 3 places
Composite action test All teeth All teeth All teeth
NOTE:
1) See 4.3 for location of measurements.
10
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
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ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
surfaces proceed along lines of action within the 4.3.3.4 Tolerance diameter
plane of action. Measurements made in the
This standard specifies the tolerance diameter, dT,
normal direction coincide with this direction of
as defined in 3.2 as the location for measurement of
tooth meshing motion. When converted to angu-
helix and pitch parameters. Also see 4.3.3.2 and
lar units of measure, they correlate well with
transmission errors. 4.3.3.3.
4.3.3.5 Measurement data filtering
It is important to understand that various gear
measuring instruments use different testing proce- Any tooth surface will exhibit a wide spectrum of
dures, some measuring in the normal direction, deviations from the specified tooth flank form. This
some measuring in other directions. includes, at one extreme, those of long duration,
such as a general concavity. At the other end of the
4.3.3.3 Direction of tolerancing spectrum are short duration irregularities, such as
surface roughness. Measurement and control of
Tolerances on the shape or the position of gear tooth short duration roughness is beyond the scope of this
surfaces must specify the direction in which given standard. See ISO/TR 10064--4.
measurements are to be considered. This specified This standard requires modification of srcinal mea-
direction, called the tolerancing direction, may be surement values for involute profile and helix param-
normal to that surface, inclined at some angle, or eters so as to include only long duration irregularities
along the arc of a specified circle. When the before analysis and comparison to tolerances. This
tolerancing direction is inclined at some angle to the modification is called low--pass filtering. It will
normal direction, it is specified by two parameters: minimize or exclude all irregularities with wave-
lengths shorter than the specified filter cutoff wave-
-- the diameter to which the measurements
length. The filter cutoff specified by this standard is
shall be tangent;
the gear form filter cutoff, & g, as defined in 3.2.
-- the angle of inclination, relative to the The actual filter type and atten uation should be
transverse plane. indicated on the data shee t. A Gaussian type filter
In this standard the tolerancing direction varies with with 50% attenuation of cut--off is recommended.
the given toleranced elemental parameter. Toler- See Annex D for additional information.
ancing direction requirements are listed in 3.2. 4.3.3.6 Measurement data density
Original measurement values must be compensated
if the actual measurement direction and the toleranc- Measurement data density is closely related to
ing direction specified for the given parameter are measurement data filtering in that the data sampling
different. rate limits the wavelength of surface irregularities
that can be observed. The number of data points
When the measurement instrument’s direction of included in theevalua tion length should be shown on
measurement is normal and the tolerancing direc- the insp ection reco rd. This standard therefore
tion is other than normal, measurement values must requires that involute profile measurement data sets
be increased before analysis and comparison to include a minimum of 200 samples. Helix measure-
tolerances. Typically, the factor for this adjustment is ment data sets include a minimum of 200 samples or
the cosine of the angle between the normal direction 5 L! / #g, whichever is greater, in order to ensure that
and the specifie d tolerancing direction. For exam- the filter is effective.
ple, when testing helix with a normal direction of
4.3.4 Tooth contact pattern inspections
measurement (within the base tangent plane) the
measurement values must be divided by the cosine Checking tooth contact patterns with a mate or
of the base helix angle to compensate those values master gear is a method of inspection of either
to the transverse plane as required by clauses 3 and assembled gears, or gears mounted on a gear
7. testing machine. It provides an indication of compat-
ible tooth shape, both up and down the tooth profile,
Measurement values from elemental test instru- and lengthwise on the tooth. It evaluates that portion
ments that measure in a direction other than normal of the gear tooth surface which actually makes
and not in the specified tolerancing direction, require contact with its mate. With this technique, the areas
more complex adjustments before comparison to that contact can be observed by coating the teeth
tolerances. with a very thin layer of marki ng compound and
12
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
meshing the gear s, see AGMA 915--1--A02. A The methods of determining the backlash required
judgement of compatibility may be made by the for individual applications are beyond the scope of
position and size of the contact area. It does not this standard (for additional information see ANSI/
necessarily indicate compatible tooth shape for AGMA 2002--B88).
loaded conditions. Axial runout may also be
4.4.2 Material furnished by the purchaser
indicated by a shifting of the tooth contact from side
to side, progressively around the gear. This test can When heat treating operations are required, the gear
include the effect of tooth element variations, such manufacturer shall assume the responsibility for the
as a variation in helix. This stan dard does not final accuracy only when the material furnished is in
provide tolerances relating these tests to gear accordance with the agreed upon material specifica-
accuracy. tions.
4.3.5 Inspection by sound tes t 4.4.3 Matching gears as sets
The accuracy of a pair of gears may also be Matched sets can be provided, usually at extra cost,
evaluated by running them in a suitable sound and are requ ired in many appl ications. In such a
testing machine. The acceptability is characterized case, the purchaser must agree on the details of the
by periodic variation in sound during each revolution, additional specifications concerning how the match-
or high levels of noise. This standard does not ing is to be performed and verif ied. Applications
provide specific limits for this test, which is normally requiring high accuracy gearing may necessitate the
based on experience. matching, or modifying, of pinion and gear profiles
and helix such that the matched set is satisfactory for
4.4 Additional considerations the application.
When specifying the accuracy of a gear, there are NOTE: This standard provid es tolerances for unas-
sembled gears only. The inspection of gearingmated in
additional or special considerations that must be
an assembly for a specific application is beyond the
reviewed. These considerations may include items scope of this standard. The matching process for such
such as: gears sold as pairs assumes greater importance than
the individual absolute measurements.
-- backlash allowances in tooth thickness;
4.4.4 Master gears for composite action tests
-- materials furnished by the purchaser;
A master gear may be used for single flank
-- matching gears as sets;
composite tests. A master gear is a gear of known
13
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
tolerances. In such cases, it is possible to modify the Ten accuracy grades are provided in this standard,
accuracy grade to include an accuracy grade for numbered A2 through A11 in order of decreasing
each gear element or composite tolerance. precision.
Gear blank dimensions supplied by the purchaser In certain applications there may be additional
must be mutually agreed upon to permit the gear characteristics that may require tolerances in order
manufacturer to hold the tolerances for the specified to assure satisfactory performance. For example, if
accuracy grade. See AGMA 915--3--A99. dimensions for tooth thickness or surface finish
tolerances are desirable in order to assure satisfac-
4.5 Acceptance criteria tory performance in special applications, such
The tolerances, methods, and definitions contained dimensions and tolerances should appear on draw-
in this standard prevail unless contractual agree- ings or purchase specifications. Methods of measur-
ments between the manufacturer and purchaser ing some of these characteristics are discussed in
contain specific exceptions. AGMA 915 --1--A02, and in the annexes.
5 Application of the AGMA cl assification The measuring methods and practices for spur and
system helical gears can be found in AGMA 915--1--A02.
14
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Values outside the limits of the equations are beyond The equations for the single flank composite toler-
the scope of this standard and are not to be ances are different from the corresponding tangen-
extrapolated. The specific tolerances for such gears tial composite equations in ISO 1328--1. Calculated
are to be agreed upon by the buyer and the seller. values for tooth--to--tooth single flank composite
tolerance have been reduced to account for the
7.1 Use of equations filtered analysis used within this standard.
7.1.1 Range of appl ication 7.2.1 Single pitch deviation tolerance, f ptT
15
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
7.2.5.3 Profile form tolerance, f f%T Master gears of accuracy grade 2 are recommended
for verifying gear testers and checking production
11. f
Profile form tolerance, f%T' is to be calculated gears primarily of grades 4 and 5. Master gears of
according to equation grade 3 are recommended for checking gears
% A #5 & primarily of grade 6 and 7. Master gears of grade 4
f"T " %2.5 $m n ' 0.17 $d T ' 0.5& ( %$2& are recommended for checking gears of grade 8 and
(11) higher.
16
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Annex A
(informative)
Tolerance tables
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for
Cylindrical Gears.]
30
25
rs
e
t 20
e
m
o
r
c
i 15
m
,
T
t
fp10
1 module
5 20 module
50 module
0
0 100 200 300
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
Figure A.1 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single pitch deviation tolerance, grade 5
17
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
Table A.2 -- Spur and helical gear classification, cumulative pitch deviation tolerance, total, F pT,
grade 5
Table values in micrometers
Toothsize Tolerancediameter,mm
Diametral Module 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000
pitch
50.8 0.5 23 26 -- -- -- -- --
25.4 1 23 26 29 32 -- -- --
12.7 2 24 27 30 33 38 43 --
8.5 3 24 27 30 33 39 43 47
6.4 4 24 27 30 33 39 44 48
5.1 5 25 28 31 34 39 44 48
4.2 6 25 28 31 34 39 44 48
3.6 7 25 28 31 34 40 44 49
3.2 8 25 28 31 34 40 45 49
2.8 9 26 29 32 35 40 45 49
2.5 10 26 29 32 35 41 45 50
1.7 15 28 31 34 37 42 47 51
1.3 20 29 32 35 38 44 48 53
1.0 25 -- 34 37 40 45 50 54
0.5 50 -- -- 44 47 53 57 62
80
70
60
50
rs
e
t
e
m 40
o
r
c
i
m
, 30
T
p
F
20
1 module
10 20 module
50 module
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
Figure A.2 -- Spur and helical gear classification, cumulative pitch deviation tolerance, total, grade 5
18
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Table A.3 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single flank composite tolerance, tooth to tooth,
fisT, grade 5
Table values in micrometers
Toothsize Tolerancediameter,mm
Diametral Module 80 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
pitch
50.8 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
25.4 1 2.3 2 .6 3 .2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
12.7 2 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.5 -- -- -- -- -- --
8.5 3 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.5 -- -- -- --
6.4 4 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 -- --
5.1 5 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
4.2 6 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
3.6 7 2.5 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
3.2 8 2.5 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
2.8 9 2.5 2.9 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5
2.5 10 2.5 2.9 3.7 4.1 4.7 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5
1.7 15 2.7 3.1 3.8 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.5
1.3 20 2.8 3.2 3.8 4.4 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
1.0 25 -- 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 9.0
0.5 50 -- -- 4.7 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.0 9.5
10
s 6
r
et
e
m
ro
ci
m 4
,
T
s
fi
1 module
2
20 module
50 module
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Tolerance diameter, mm
Figure A.3 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single flank composite tolerance, tooth to tooth,
grade 5
19
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
Table A.4 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single flank composite tolerance, total, F isT,
grade 5
Table values in micrometers
Toothsize Tolerancediameter,mm
Diametral Module 80 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
pitch
50.8 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
25.4 1 25 29 36 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
12.7 2 25 29 36 42 49 -- -- -- -- -- --
8.5 3 26 30 36 43 49 56 63 -- -- -- --
6.4 4 26 30 37 43 50 56 63 70 76 -- --
5.1 5 26 30 37 43 50 57 63 70 76 83 90
4.2 6 27 31 37 44 50 57 64 70 77 83 90
3.6 7 27 31 38 44 51 57 64 71 77 84 90
3.2 8 27 31 38 44 51 58 64 71 77 84 91
2.8 9 28 32 38 45 51 58 65 71 78 84 91
2.5 10 28 32 39 45 52 58 65 72 78 85 91
1.7 15 30 34 40 47 53 60 67 73 80 86 93
1.3 20 31 35 42 48 55 62 68 75 81 88 95
1.0 25 -- 37 43 50 57 63 70 76 83 90 96
0.5 50 -- -- 52 58 65 72 78 85 91 98 105
120
100
80
rs
e
t
e
m 60
o
r
ci
m
, 40
T
s
i
F
1 module
20 20 module
50 module
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Tolerance diameter, mm
Figure A.4 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single flank composite tolerance, total, grade 5
20
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Annex B
(informative)
Tolerance system development and comparison
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for
Cylindrical Gears.]
21
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
140
120
100
80
rs
e
t
e
m 60
o
r
c
i
m
,T 40
p
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A6 ISO 1328--1, 6 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q12
Figure B.1 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total,
class Q12 and grade A6 for module 12.7
140
120
100
80
rs
e
t
e
m 60
o
r
ci
m
,T 40
p
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A5 ISO 1328--1, 5 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q12
Figure B.2 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total
class Q12 and grade A5 for module 12.7
22
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
140
120
100
80
rs
e
t
e
m60
o
r
c
i
m
,T40
p
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A5 ISO 1328--1, 5 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q12
Figure B.3 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total,
class Q12 and grade A5 for module 6.4
140
120
100
80
rs
e
t
e
m 60
o
r
c
i
m
,T 40
p
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A5 ISO 1328--1, 5 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q12
Figure B.4 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total,
class Q12 and grade A5 for module 1.6
23
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
140
120
100
s 80
r
e
t
e
m60
o
r
c
i
m
,T 40
p
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A7 ISO 1328--1, 7 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q10
Figure B.5 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total,
class Q10 and grade A7 for module 12.7
140
120
100
80
rs
et
e
m 60
o
r
ci
m
,T 40
p
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A7 ISO 1328--1, 7 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q10
Figure B.6 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total,
class Q10 and grade A7 for module 6.4
24
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
140
120
100
s 80
r
e
t
e
m 60
o
r
c
i
m
,T 40
p
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A7 ISO 1328--1, 7 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q10
Figure B.7 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total,
class Q10 and grade A7 for module 1.6
160
140
120
100
rs
et 80
e
m
o
r
ci 60
m
,T
p 40
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A8 ISO 1328--1, 8 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q9
Figure B.8 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total,
class Q9 and grade A8 for module 12.7
25
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
140
120
100
80
rs
et
e
m 60
o
r
c
i
m
,T 40
p
F
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A8 ISO 1328--1, 8 AGMA 2000 --A88,
runout, Q9
Figure B.9 -- Tolerance comparison, cumulative pitch deviation, total,
class Q9 and grade A8 for module 6.4
35
30
25
sr
20
et
e
m 15
ro
ci
m
,T 10
t
fp
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, A5 ISO 1328 --1, 5 AGMA 2000 --A88,
pitch, Q12
Figure B.10 -- Tolerance comparison, allowable single pitch deviation,
class Q12 and grade A5 for module 12.7
26
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
35
30
25
s
r
20
et
e
m15
ro
ci
m
,T 10
t
fp
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A5 ISO 1328--1, 5 AGMA 2000 --A88,
pitch, Q12
Figure B.11 -- Tolerance comparison, allowable single pitch deviation,
class Q12 and grade A5 for module 6.4
35
30
25
s 20
r
e
t
e
m 15
o
r
c
i
m
,T 10
t
fp
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A5 ISO 1328--1, 5 AGMA 2000 --A88,
pitch, Q12
Figure B.12 -- Tolerance comparison, allowable single pitch deviation,
class Q12 and grade A5 for module 1.6
27
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
35
30
25
s
r
20
et
e
m 15
ro
ci
m
,T 10
t
fp
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A7 ISO 1328--1, 7 AGMA 2000 --A88
pitch, Q10
Figure B.13 -- Tolerance comparison, allowable single pitch deviation,
class Q10 and grade A7 for module 12.7
35
30
25
rs
20
et
e
m 15
o
r
ci
m
,T 10
t
fp
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, A7 ISO 1328--1, 7 AGMA 2000 --A88
pitch, Q10
Figure B.14 -- Tolerance comparison, allowable single pitch deviation,
class Q10 and grade A7 for module 6.4
28
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
35
30
25
s 20
r
e
t
e
m 15
o
r
c
i
m
,T 10
t
fp
5
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, A7 ISO 1328--1, 7 AGMA 2000 --A88
pitch, Q10
35
30
25
20
s
r
e
t
e
m15
ro
c
i
m
,T 10
t
fp
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
29
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
35
30
25
20
rs
e
t
e
m15
o
r
c
i
m
,T 10
t
fp
5
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A8 ISO 1328--1, 8 AGMA 2000 --A88
pitch, Q9
Figure B.17 -- Tolerance comparison, allowable single pitch deviation,
class Q9 and grade A8 for module 6.4
35
30
25
s 20
r
et
e
m15
ro
ci
m
,T10
t
fp
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tolerance diameter, mm
ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1--A01, A8 ISO 1328--1, 8 AGMA 2000 --A88
pitch, Q9
Figure B.18 -- Tolerance comparison, allowable single pitch deviation,
class Q9and grade A8 for module 1.6
30
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Annex C
(informative)
Example of statistical process control (SPC) application
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for
Cylindrical Gears.]
Given: 0.5
mn = 12 mm mm " $ n#1
* n %X # X & -
") , n # 1 )
2
dT = 150 mm +i"1 .
Accuracy grade = A7 where
31
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
32
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Annex D
(informative)
Involute and helix data filtering
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for
Cylindrical Gears.]
Involute and helix test data are usually conditioned Electrical filtering limits the test data gathered to
by low--pass filtering prior to analysis procedures. longer wavelength (lower frequency) values and is
The choice of filtering method and cutoff wavelength thus a low--pass type filter. During electrical filtering,
will influence analysis results. This annex provi des the test data signal passes from the probe head
descriptions of filtering practices. through an electrical filtering (RC) circuit and finally
on to the data analysis and output devices.
D.2 Filtering
Electrical filterin g circuits are designed to accom-
Measurements include variations of many different plish the elimination of high frequency test data at a
wavelengths or frequencies. The exclusion of specified wavelength called the cutoff. All data at
certain portions of the test data frequency spectrum frequencies significantly higher than the cutoff are
is called filt ering. A filter that exc ludes short eliminated. High frequency test data that is near but
wavelength (high frequency) data is called a low-- not exactly at the cutoff is filtered proportionally
pass filter. A filter that excludes long wavelength according to its proximity to the cutoff wavelength.
(low frequency) data is called a high--pass filter. A
filter that excludes the shortest and longest wave- An unfortunate effect of RC electrical filtering is a
lengths (highest and lowest frequencies) of varia- phase shifting of data that can influence analysis of
tions, thereby leaving only medium wavelength test results.
(medium frequency) data, is called a bandpass filter. Electrical filtering is most commonly encountered on
For gear metrology purposes, a low--pass filter is older instruments; newer instruments employ math-
usually applied to remove the influences of high ematical filtering. All RC electrica l filters produce
frequency surface finish conditions from the ob-
servations of total, form, and slope deviations of phase shifting of test data. Electrical filtering is an
acceptable practice, provided that its limitations are
involute and helix. Several types of filtering may be understood.
implemented in the gear measuring system.
D.5 Mathematical filtering
D.3 Mechanical filtering
Mathematical filtering requires that test data first be
Mechanical filtering limits the involute and helix test converted from analog to digital to permit processing
data gathered to longer wavelength (lower frequen- by a digital computer. Two general types of
cy) values and is thus a low--pass type filter. mathematical filter are commonly available. One
Mechanical filtering occurs as the geometry of the type emulates the characteristics of electrical filters
probe (i.e., tip radius) bridges and thereby sup- (with or without the phase shifting characteristic of
presses the shorter wavelength (higher frequency) RC circu its). The other type emp loys Gaussian
variations. mathematics.
In applications that require inclusion of this very high The transmission characteristics of a phase correct
frequency data, smaller probe tip radii can be Gaussian filter are such that 50% of the amplitude of
specified. Since gear invo lute and helix data is a sinusoidal waveform with a wavelength equal to
normally subjected to intentional low--pass filtering, the long--wavelength cutoff will be transmitted.
this is rarely req uired. Evaluation of gear surface Other frequencies are passed proportionally, ac-
finish is best accomplished with specialized surface cording to their proximity to thecutof f. When a phase
finish instruments, rather than involute or helix test correct Gaussian filter is used, vertical distortions
instruments. are reduced and phase shift is eliminated. Based
33
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
upon sine wave amplitude transmission characteris- data with different (or no) mathematical filtering
tics and compliance with ISO standards, use of the applied.
digital Gaussian filter is recommended. D.6 Cutoff selection
Standard involute and helix data cutoff values foruse
It is also advantageous to be able to view the test in this document are specified in clause 3.
34
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Annex E
(informative)
Sector pitch deviation
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for
Cylindrical Gears.]
(single--probe) device can be used to determine Unless otherwise specified in procurement docu-
sector pitch deviati on. In either case, index values ments, the measurement of sector pitch deviation is
must first be found. Determination of the sector pitch not mandatory. Information pertaining to this param-
deviation, Fps/8, requires the algebraic summation of eter is therefore not included in the main body of the
the maximum positive index value and the maximum standard.
35
ANSI/AGMA2 015 -- 1 -- A01 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD
However, when agreed between supplier and pur- generated. This is especially true for high spe ed
chaser, the method may be valu able. If ind ex gears, where dynamic loads can be considerable.
deviations over relatively small numbers of pitches Hence thevalue of measuring and tolerancing sector
are too large, substantial acceleration forces can be pitch deviation.
10
8 Sector
with
Cumulative pitch
6 largest
deviation, F pk ( Fpz/8)
deviation
per ISO 1328--1
4
o
n
it 2
ai
v 0
e
D 1 2 3456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0 31 32 33 3 4 35
--2
--4
Sector pitch deviation, F ps/8
--6
--8
Tooth number
Figure E.1 -- Index data
36
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01
Bibliography
The following documents are either referenced in the text of ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification
System -- Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical Gears or indicated for additional information.
AGMA 2000--A88, Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook -- Tolerances And Measuring Methods For
Unassembled Spur And Helical Gears (Including Metric Equivalents)
AGMA ISO 10064--1, Cylindrical Gears -- Code of Inspection Practice -- Part 1: Inspection of Corresponding
ISO/TR 10064--4:1998, Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection practice -- Part 4: Recommendations relative to
surface texture and tooth contact pattern checking
37
PUBLISHED BY
AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
1500 KING STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314