ENVIRONMENTAL

EDUCATION

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Learning Objective:
• At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
– Define environmental education and its objectives.
– Identify the Philippine Ecosystems and discuss the importance of each in the
survival and provision.
– Enumerate the 7 Environmental Laws and explain each in relation to the
topic.
– Identify the different environmental issues in the Philippines and determine
the causes, the effects and the solution to each issues.
– Discuss global warming and how it affects the worlds lifestyle.
– List some of the ways to protect, preserve and conserve our natural
resources.
– Identify government formulated laws in accordance to the protection of our
resources.
– Determine the role of the youth in the protection of our environment.
– Define the goal, Mission and Vision and the objectives of the largest
department that monitors and formulate laws to guard the environment
against exploitation and abuse.
Environment
• …“immediate surroundings of an individual”
• …”is a complex system that deals with a network of
living and non-living entities”

• Includes:
– Physical Components (air, water, land, energy)
– Biological Components (plants, animals)
– Socio-Economic Components (people, communities,
institutions, values)
Definition
• ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
– -is a process that allows individuals to explore environmental
issues, engage in problem solving, and take action to improve
the environment.

• As a result, individuals develop a deeper understanding of

environmental issues and have the skills to make informed and
responsible decisions.
Definition
• ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
– Implies establishing proper ecological equilibrium which
entails proper use and conservation of resources in a
sustainable manner.

– Environmental Education should enable people learn how

hazardous environmental pollution, population explosion and
resource depletion could be.
International Union for the
Conservation of Nature (IUCN; 1971)
• "... the process of recognizing values and clarifying
concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes
necessary to understand and appreciate the
interrelatedness among men, his culture and his
biophysical surroundings.
• EE also entails practice in decision-making and self-
formulation of a code of behavior about issues
concerning environmental quality.”
Objectives of Environmental
Education
• Awareness and Sensitivity
– to the environment and environmental challenges.
• Knowledge and Understanding
– of the environment and environmental challenges.
• Attitudes
– of concern for the environment and motivation to improve or maintain
environmental quality.
• Skills
– to identify and help resolve environmental challenges.
• Participation
– in activities that lead to the resolution of environmental challenges.
Environmental Problems, Issues,
and Concerns in the Community
• Environmental problems in developed and developing
countries worldwide are among the most important
concerns facing people and their governments.

• These problems include population growth; poverty;

deforestation; pollution of water, air, and soils; waste
disposal; and loss of species.
Ecosystems in the
Philippines
FOREST ECOSYSTEM
• Is a community of trees, shrubs, herbs,
microorganisms and animals, the trees being the most
obvious living structure
FOREST ECOSYSTEM
• Benefits:

– most important source of water.

– naturally provide clean air and food in the process

– by providing protection as a raw material for houses and other forms of shelter

– functioning as buffer zones from storms and prevention of soil erosion

MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM
• Are located in saltfish water and muddy portions of the
coastline where the freshwater from the rivers and saline
water from seas meet. It provide food and shelter to various
marine organisms from its prop roots.

• The Philippines boasts having more than half of the world’s

70 mangrove species.
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM
• Benefits
– they serve as breeding and feeding grounds for local terrestrial
and aquatic species,
– being “stop-over sites” for migratory species.
– facilitating the increase of land area by way of accumulated soil
and debris.
AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM
• Agricultural ecosystems are artificial ecosystems
created in the process of developing land and
coastal/aquatic areas for farming, animal husbandry,
and fishing.
• Agricultural is said to be the “backbone” of our
country’s economy since the most Filipinos depend on
farming.
AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM
• Benefits
– It has served as people’s primary source of sustenance and
livelihood, as well as other basic needs, for generations.
• 1,210 local agricultural plant specie, 1/3 of which are has food value.
– supports other cash crops for feed, medicinal/herbal, ornamental,
and industrial values.
• Rice, corn, and coconut are the main types of produce obtained
through agriculture in the Philippines.
MARGINAL LANDS/UPLANDS
• Marginal ecosystems are those that are located between two
ecosystems. These can be either natural or artificial, such as
areas adapted or re-appropriated for agricultural use.
• Marginal lands now comprise about 70% (over 11 million
hectares) of declared forest area in the Philippines.
URBAN ECOSYSTEM
• Urban ecosystems are the product of modernized,
industrialized human society.
• These function as the base of human settlements, as
well as economic development.
• They are a testament to the economic, academic, and
technological progress that humankind has achieved
through generations.
• That said, they are still rapidly expanding, often to the
detriment of natural ecosystems.
CORAL REEF SYSTEM
• Coral reefs are comprised of massive deposits of
calcium carbonate that take centuries to produce and
develop.
– Because of such a long process, coral reefs are very delicate
ecosystems and are due extensive protective measures.
• Philippines is part of the world’s “Coral Triangle.
– Verde island in Batangas has been noted to be “the center of
the center” of marine biodiversity in the world.
• Marine biodiversity refers to the variability of life in a marine area.
CORAL REEF SYSTEM
• Benefits
– These ecosystems are the natural habitat of fish species and
other marine organisms, where feeding, breeding, and spawning
happens at incredibly productive levels.
– serve as natural breakwaters that protect coastal areas from
waves and storms
– facilitate coralline sand production that create remarkable white
sand beaches that are a hit among tourists,
– and enable oxygen production through supporting photosynthetic
algae.
– Coral reefs also offer significant educational value for biological
and ecological study
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM
• Freshwater ecosystems occur in in-land bodies of
water and may either be flowing, standing, or man-
made.
– Rivers and streams, lakes and reservoirs (water dams), and
artificial fishponds are examples that fall into the three
respective categories.
• All of these are distinguished by low-salinity water that
flow from the natural rainwater catch basins created by
forests. .
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM
• Benefits
– cheap and convenient source of water for domestic and industrial use
– a natural waste disposal system
– a reservoir for the natural water cycle
– Freshwater bodies also can serve as transport channel.
SEAGRASS AND SOFT-BOTTOM
ECOSYSTEMS
• Seagrass ecosystems comprise of aquatic flowering
plants that can live in seawater. These types of
ecosystems occur in shallow water environments.
SEAGRASS AND SOFT-BOTTOM
ECOSYSTEMS
• Benefits
– supports biodiversity by functioning as a food source for
grazing and detritus-feeding creatures.
– nursery for young fish, crustaceans, and other reef organisms.
– able to recycle nutrients from sediments back to the open sea,
while also functioning to stabilize sediments, ensuring the
integrity of the seabed.
– protects the organisms from strong sunlight and temperature
and salinity fluctuations
– functions as a buffer against wave or storm-related damage to
its immediate vicinity, protecting the life forms that make it
their natural habitat.
The Seven Environmental
Principles
Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands. Inc
The Seven Environmental Principles
1. Everything is Connected to Everything Else
– Ecosystem
2. All forms of life are important
– Roles and niches, biodiversity
3. Everything Must Go Somewhere
– There is no ‘away’
4. Ours is a finite Earth
– No touch, wise use, sustainable development
5. Nature knows best
– Nature must be obeyed first before it can be commanded
6. Nature is Beautiful and We are Stewards of God’s Creation
– Religion is one of the most influential aspects that affect values and
environment
7. Everything Changes
– Linear, cyclical, random
1. Everything is connected to everything else.
(Ang lahat ng bagay ay magkakaugnay.)

• Ecosystem
– is the basic functional unit of nature
– is the interaction of the community (living components) and the
non-living environment

• Philippine Ecosystem
– Forest Ecosystems
– Marginal Lands/Uplands
– Protected Areas (Coral Reefs, Mangroves, Seagrass etc.)
– Freshwater and Wetlands
– Lowland/Agricultural Ecosystems
– Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
– Urban Ecosystems
2. All forms of life are important.
(Ang lahat na may buhay ay mahalaga.)
• (thus, the need for biodiversity)
• All organisms have a role in the ecosystem
– all is functional
Biological Diversity or Biodiversity
• …”is the variety of all life forms on Earth – plants,
animals, microorganisms…”
– Ecosystems diversity - interdependence within species
– Species diversity – basic unit of biological classification
– Genetic Diversity – variation within species
Philippine Biodiversity
• Ranks high among the biodiversity hotspots – the
richest but the most threatened of terrestrial
ecosystems in the world.
• Has rich flora and fauna: an estimated 13,500 plant
species, 80 amphibians, 240 reptiles, 556 birds, 174
mammals, 300 corals, 27 mangrove species.
– Of these, approximately 75% are endemic. Some of the
threatened species are the Philippine eagle (Pythecophaga
jefferyi), Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis), and
Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis).
3. Everything must go somewhere.
(Ang lahat ng bagay ay may patutunguhan.)

• It is the law of nature that the by-products of

metabolism return to the soil, acted upon first by
worms, bacteria and fungi, and then converted into
minerals, to be again absorbed by plants and eaten by
animals.
– What happens if what we throw is an artificial product such as
plastic?

• Ecological Solid Waste Management System

– reduced,
– re-used
– recycled
– repair.
4. Ours is a finite earth.
(Ang kalikasan ay may hangganan.)
• Everything that we need is provided by nature in
abundance – food, water, energy, minerals and air.
However, some resources that we depend upon
nowadays are extracted excessively but are slow to
replace.
• Increasing population decreases the amount of
resources available to each person.
• Some resources will be inaccessible due to pollution
and excessive extraction.
– air, water, availability of land and water to produce food for
human consumption.
• Trends in Paradigm
Sustainable Development
• …”development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of the future
generations to meet their own needs.”
• Taken from the Brundtland Report “Our Common Future”, 1987.
Natural Resource Management
• Natural Resources can be classified into:
– renewable (forest)

– non-renewable (minerals)
Natural Resource Management
Approach
• Reforestation, community-based
management
• Soil and water conservation
techniques, e.g. agroforestry
• Biodiversity Conservation through
PA establishment
• Regulation of Wildlife Trade
• Ex-situ conservation techniques
• Integrated coastal resources
management
• Environment-friendly aquaculture
• Solid Waste Management
• Community
Organizing/involvement
5. Nature knows best.
(Ang kalikasan ang mas nakakaalam.)

• Nature manifests certain processes that enable it to

maintain balance and remain in a state of equilibrium.
• “Nature must be obeyed first before it can be
commanded”
– Humans should first understand nature and follow its laws
– Humans should not go against natural processes if we want a
sustained yield of natural resources
Natural Processes
• Food Chain
• Energy Flow
• Diversity
• Evolution
• Ecological succession
• Ecological control or cybernetics
• Biogeochemical cycles (e.g. carbon-oxygen cycle,
nitrogen cycle, water cycle)
Nature Disruptions
• Disruptions are in the form of:
– Illegal logging
– Indiscriminate kaingin-making and
forest fires
– Dynamite and cyanide fishing
– Habitat destruction resulting in
biodiversity loss
– Can you think of other disruptions?
6. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation.
(Ang kalikasan ay maganda at tayo ang tagapangasiwa ng lahat
na nilikha ng Diyos.)

• Different religions from Islam to Buddhism to Judeo-

Christian to indigenous people’s animism express the
belief of caring for the earth, including all creatures.
6. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation.
(Ang kalikasan ay maganda at tayo ang tagapangasiwa ng lahat
na nilikha ng Diyos.)

• Thus it is the goal of environmental education and biodiversity conservation

education to motivate target audiences towards developing an eco-spirituality
that moves them into a more meaningful relationship with nature and a
greater participation in the biophysical economic processes that make this
world a better place to live in
Level of Relationship
• Man – Nature
– Level 1: Dominion of humans over creation. (Book of Genesis)
• humans can do as they wish because this was given by God.
– Level 2: Stewardship
• humans are not owners but guardians of the integrity of nature.
– Level 3: Kinship (St. Francis de Assisi verse from “Bother sun,
Sister moon”)
• humans are no higher than the birds and fishes of the sea.
– Level 4: Sacrament
• nature becomes a testimony of God’s love
– Level 5: Covenant
• protection of the earth is a life mission manifested in the things that
we do and say
7. Everything changes.
(Ang lahat ay nagbabago.)
• Changes in the biophysical world occur naturally. As
they say, there is nothing more permanent in this world
than change.
– Linear change – evolution of species
• Metamorphosis
• Cyclical Change – influenced by time such as seasons
• Crops , vegetables, fruits
• Random Change – eruption of Mt Pinatubo
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
POLLUTION
• The alteration of our surroundings, wholly largely as a product of man’s action, though direct or
indirect effects of changes in every pattern of chemical and physical constituent of organisms.

• MAJOR TYPES OF POLLUTION

• WATER
• AIR
• LAND
• NOISE
• LIGHT
Air Pollution
• Is defined as physical and chemical alteration of the
properties of air, which is harmful to human health,
vegetation and animal.

– Types of Air Pollution

1. Outdoor Pollution
2. Indoor Pollution
Air Pollution

• Outdoor Pollution
– Outdoor Pollution is a type of pollution derived from the mixture or
collection of additional loads of chemicals produced by natural
components of the atmosphere, thereby, producing harmful effects to
living.

– Sources of Outdoor Pollution

• Burning of fossil fuel for power consumption
• Photochemical and industrial smog
• Volcanic eruptions
• Forest fire
Air Pollution
• Indoor Pollution
– a type of pollution derived from the accumulation or build up
of chemicals inside the office, building, houses, school,
commercial store and are harmful to health.

– Sources of Indoor Pollution

• Storage of biodegradable materials for along time.

• Insecticides, pests and other chemical spray

• Storage of chemicals
Air Pollution: Effects
• Air pollution is responsible for major health effects.
– Damage of Human Health
– Lung cancer
– Chronic bronchitis
– Damage of plants that lead to dehydration and inhibition of
photosynthesis
– Depletion of ozone layer
Air Pollution: Solutions
1. Restrict population growth
2. Use less energy
3. Improve energy deficiency
4. Reduce waste and
5. Move to non-polluting renewable forms of energy
production.
PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT
• Republic Act No. 8749 known as the PHILIPPINE
CLEAN AIR ACT, is a comprehensive air quality
management policy and program that aims to achieve
and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.
Water Pollution

• Water pollution is caused by the intentional or

unintentional release of toxic chemicals/materials,
contaminants and harmful compounds into various
bodies of water such as rivers, lakes and the ocean.

• Major sources of water pollution

– Point source – a source of pollution that discharges pollutants
into bodies of water to specific location.
– Non-Point source – a source of pollution that are widely
scattered and discharges pollutants over a large sea.
Water Pollution
• Causes of water pollution
1. Industrial: The metal varies according to industry — lead,
mercury, chromium, cadmium and cyanide.
2. Agricultural: Organic — decayed plants, dead animals,
livestock manure, soil runoff; and non-organic — pesticides
and fertilizers.
3. Domestic sewage: Contains pathogens that threaten human
health and life.
4. Other sources: Oil, mine or chemical spills and illegal
dumping in or near water.
Water Pollution

• Effects of water pollution

1. Death of aquatic animals.
• loss of habitat for marine life.
2. People can get diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has
been poisoned.
• outbreak of cholera and other diseases as a result of drinking contaminated
waters.
3. Destruction of ecosystems.
• Water being a primary needs of living things can cause death no plants and
other animals once contaminated.
4. Economic cost
• Amount of free drinking water will be reduced, hence replaced by
bottled/process water.
Water Pollution

• SOLUTION:
1. Elimination of all hazardous chemicals at all stages of

production and the seeking of safe, sustainable alternatives.

2. Reduction of waste generated.

3. Decreasing of the need for raw materials and energy.

4. Utilization of clean, renewable energy sources in the

production process and design.

Land Pollution
• Refers to the presence of any solid waste in the land
that is injurious to the health of human beings, animals
and other living organisms.
– Solid waste takes up space and produces unpleasant smell.
• Types of Waste
– Biodegradable waste, compostable and can be reused as
feeds, fermentable, fuel and fertilizers.
– Non-biodegradable waste, they factory returnable and can
serve as potential sources of livelihood projects.
Land Pollution
• Solid waste and Its Disposal
– Landfills, designed to reduce the amount of waste that leaks
out into the environment.
– Incineration, the process of reducing solid waste by burning it
first.
– Ocean Dumping, discharge of waste in the ocean
Land Pollution
• Effects of Land Pollution
– Respiratory and skin problems
– Lung cancer, poisoning of products like fruits and vegetables,
– Destroy ecosystems, imbalance in atmospheric conditions.
Land Pollution
• 4 R’s of WASTE MANAGEMENT
1. Reduce, avoid wasteful consumption goods.
2. Reuse, items that are useful instead of throwing them away
3. Recycle, the process whereby portions of these waste are
sorted out and used for something of benefit.
4. Repair, reusable items to make them functional rather than
throwing them.
Land Pollution

• SOLUTION to Land Pollution

1. Make people aware about the concept of Reduce, Recycle,
Reuse and Repair.
2. Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural
activities.
3. Buy biodegradable products.
4. Do Organic gardening and eat organic food that will be grow
without the use of pesticides.
5. Plant more number of trees.
Noise Pollution
• Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or
sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with
harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life.
• The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly
caused by machines, transport and transportation
systems.
Noise Pollution
• CAUSES of Noise Pollution
1. Industrialization: Most of the industries use big machines which are capable of
producing large amount of noise.
2. Poor Urban Planning: Congested houses, large families sharing small space, fight over
parking, frequent fights over basic amenities leads to noise pollution which may disrupt
the environment of society.
3. Social Events: People play songs on full volume and dance till midnight which makes
the condition of people living nearby pretty worse. In markets, you can see people
selling clothes via making loud noise to attract the attention of people.
4. Transportation: Large number of vehicles on roads, airplanes flying over houses,
underground trains produce heavy noise and people get it difficult to get accustomed to
that.
5. Construction Activities: Mining, Construction of bridges, dams, buildings, stations,
roads, flyovers take place everyday. These construction equipment are too noisy.
6. Household Chores: We people are surrounded by gadgets and use them extensively in
our daily life. These are minor contributors to the amount of noise that is produced but
it affects the quality of life of your neighborhood in a bad way.
Noise Pollution
• EFFECTS of Noise Pollution
1. Hearing Problems: Constant exposure to loud levels of noise can easily result in the
damage of our ear drums and loss of hearing. It also reduces our sensitivity to sounds
that our ears pick up unconsciously to regulate our body’s rhythm.
2. Health Issues: Studies show that the occurrence of aggressive behavior, disturbance of
sleep, constant stress, fatigue and hypertension can be linked to excessive noise
levels. These in turn can cause more severe and chronic health issues later in life.
3. Sleeping Disorders: Loud noise can certainly hamper your sleeping pattern and may
lead to irritation and uncomfortable situations.
4. Cardiovascular Issues: Studies suggest that high intensity noise causes high blood
pressure and increases heart beat rate as it disrupts the normal blood flow.
5. Trouble Communicating: High decibel noise can put trouble and may not allow two
people to communicate freely. Constant sharp noise can give you severe headache
and disturb your emotional balance.
6. Effect on Wildlife: Animals develop a better sense of hearing than us since their
survival depends on it, they will disturb from the their habitat. Pets react more
aggressively in households where there is constant noise.
Noise Pollution

• SOLUTION to Noise Pollution

1. Turn off appliances at home and offices.
2. Shut the door when using noisy machines
3. Use Earplugs.
4. Lower the volume.
5. Stay away from noisy area.
6. Follow the limits of noise level.
7. Control noise level near sensitive areas.
8. Go green by planning trees.
9. Create healthy noise to eliminate unwanted noise.
10. Use noise absorbents in noisy machineries.
11. Use proper lubrication and better maintenance
DEFORESTATION
Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests
in order to make the land available for other uses.
DEFORESTATION: CAUSES
1. MINING. The increase of mining on tropical forests is furthering damage
due to the rising demand and high mineral prices.
2. PAPER. America, China, Japan, and Canada make up more than of the
world’s paper production—400 million tons a year.
3. OVERPOPULATION Due to overpopulation, more land is needed to
establish housing and settlements.
4. LOGGING. Wood-based industries such as paper, matchsticks, and
furniture need a substantial quantity of wood.
5. AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION AND LIVESTOCK RANCHING. A major
cause of deforestation is agriculture plantations. An increasing supply-
demand for products such as palm oil and soybeans are driving producers
to clear forests at an unnerving rate.
6. CLIMATE CHANGE. Forests are essentially the lungs of our planet. All
plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
DEFORESTATION: EFFECTS
1. Increased Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Trees help to mitigate carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, but they become carbon
sources once they’re cut, burned, or otherwise removed.

2. Acidic Oceans. The oceans are becoming more acidic with an increased
supply of carbon dioxide from deforestation and burning fossil fuels.

3. Loss of Species. Orangutans, giant pandas, rhinos, and the Asian elephant
are just a few of hundreds of endangered species due to deforestation.

4. Flooding and Erosion. Without trees to secure fertile soil, erosion often
occurs and sweeps sacred land into nearby rivers.
DEFORESTATION: SOLUTION
1. Plant a tree
2. Use less paper
3. Recycle paper and cardboard
4. Use recycled products
5. Buy only sustainable wood products
6. Don’t buy products containing palm oil
7. Reduce meat consumption
8. Do not burn firewood excessively
9. Practice eco-forestry
10. Raise awareness
11. Respect the rights of indigenous people
12. Support organizations that fight deforestation
13. Join a community forestry project
14. Help restore degraded forests
15. Fight governmental corruption
 GLOBAL WARMING
a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere
generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels
of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
GLOBAL WARMING
• Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2)
and other air pollutants and greenhouse gases
collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and
solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s
surface.

• Global warming is primarily an effect of

GREENHOUSE gasses trapped in the earth’s
atmosphere.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
• The greenhouse effect is the process by which
radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the
planet's surface to a temperature above what it would
be without its atmosphere.
GLOBAL WARMING: CAUSES
1. Increases in atmospheric CO2 and other long-lived
greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide and
halocarbons)
2. Increases in short-lived greenhouse gases (mainly
ozone) changes to land cover (replacement of darker
forests with paler croplands and grasslands)
3. Increases in aerosols (tiny particles in the atmosphere)
4. Solar fluctuations (changes in the brightness of the sun)
5. Volcanic eruptions.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
• Hotter days: 2015 was the hottest year on record, the
previous record was broken in 2014, and 2016 is
expected to set a new record for the third year in a
row.

• Rising sea levels: Increased ocean temperatures are

melting glaciers and ice caps all over the world. Melted
ice increases the volume of water in our oceans.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
• More frequent and intense extreme weather events:
Extreme weather events like bushfires, cyclones, droughts and
floods are becoming more frequent and more intense as a result
of global warming.

• Oceans are warming and acidifying: The oceans have absorbed

most of extra heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) so far – more than
the air – making the seas both warmer and more acidic. Warming
waters are bleaching coral reefs and driving stronger storms.
Rising ocean acidity threatens shellfish, including the tiny
crustaceans without which marine food chains would collapse.
 CLIMATE CHANGE
A LONG TERM CHANGES IN A REGION’S WEATHER
PATTERNS
CLIMATE VS. WEATHER

WEATHER CLIMATE
• The condition of the air • General weather
or atmosphere on patterns for a given
different parts of the region.
planet.
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
• Climate change adaptation is a response to global
warming, that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of
social and biological systems to relatively sudden
change and thus offset the effects of global warming.
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION,
MITIGATION, AND ANTICIPATION
1. We must understand the threats of climate change to
our communities and assess our limitations in
responding to them.
2. Local government must enhance their skills and
capabilities in addressing climate change.
3. Climate change adaptation should be a vital concern
in the government programs and plans.
4. Communities should be mobilized to participate in
climate change adaptation programs.
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
FOREST Preservation / Protection
• Teach others about the importance of the environment
and how they can help save rainforests.
• Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on
land where forests have been cut down.
• Encourage people to live in a way that doesn't hurt the
environment.
• Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife.
• Support companies that operate in ways that minimize
damage to the environment.
WATER SANITATION AND
CONSERVATION
• Sanitation
– WASH (Water Sanitation, and Hygiene)
• Different measures regarding water sanitation and hygiene are
enforced. Human waste should be safely separated from human
contact, and water contamination should be strictly avoided.
• Conservation
– The practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary
water usage because clean water is a limited and a costly
resource. It also helps reduce pollution and conserve fuel
resources.
CLEANING WATER WAYS
• Cleaning water ways:

• Step 1 - Water source protection

• Step 2 – Sedimentation
• Step 3 – Filtration
• Step 4 – Disinfection
• Step 5 - Safe water storage
GARBAGE MANAGEMENT
• Dumping methods
– Landfill - burying of wastes in a common pit. Should be
economical and far from residential areas
– Incineration - combustion of waste materials into steam, gas,
ash, and heat. It could be done at an individual scale level

• Collection and transportation

– Varies from one place to another, but each residence should
have three bins for segregation, which are biodegradable,
non-biodegradable, and recyclable.
GARBAGE MANAGEMENT
• Recycling types
– Waste paper and cardboard
– Plastic
– Metal
– Wood
– Glass
– Textile
– Bricks
PHILIPPINES’ MAJOR
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
REPUBLIC ACT 9003
• ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT
OF 2000
– In partnership with stakeholders, the law aims to adopt a
systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste
management program that shall ensure the protection of
public health and environment. The law ensures proper
segregation, collection, storage, treatment and disposal of
solid waste through the formulation and adaptation of best
eco-waste products.
REPUBLIC ACT 9275
• PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004
– The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from
pollution from land-based sources (industries and commercial
establishments, agriculture and community/household
activities).

– It provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to

prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and
participatory approach involving all the stakeholders
REPUBLIC ACT 8749
• PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999
– The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the
National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants,
throughout the Philippines, while minimizing the possible
associated impacts to the economy.
REPUBLIC ACT 6969
• TOXIC SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR
WASTE CONTROL ACT OF 1990
– The law aims to regulate restrict or prohibit the importation,
manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal
of chemical substances and mixtures the present
unreasonable risk to human health.
– It likewise prohibits the entry, even in transit, of hazardous and
nuclear wastes and their disposal into the Philippine territorial
limits for whatever purpose; and to provide advancement and
facilitate research and studies on toxic chemicals.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS)
STATEMENT OF 1978

– The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the
National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants,
throughout the Philippines, while minimizing the possible
associated impacts to the economy.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT OF
1978
– The Environment Impact Assessment System was formally established
in 1978 with the enactment of Presidential Decree no. 1586 to facilitate
the attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly balance between
socio-economic development and environmental protection.

– EIA is a planning and management tool that will help government,

decision makers, the proponents and the affected community address
the negative consequences or risks on the environment. The process
assures implementation of environment-friendly projects.
THE ROLE OF THE YOUTH
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
Role of the Youth
• Young people can play an active role in protecting and improving the environment. They
can change their lifestyle and how it affects the environment.
• They can change the future of the society with their well being and courageous
behavior. Unfortunately, today we find the youth those who are more interested in other
places which are not useful to them as well as nationally – choose over their days in
drugs, spend their nights partying, sitting in front of the television watching and playing
video games all day instead of going to work.
• The environment is simply defined as our surroundings, including the living and non-
living things.
Role of the Youth
• Environmental protection is a broad subject environmental problem that are rising day
by day and everyone is concerned about the global warming and climate change as
globally but local and national environmental problems are less concerned.

• Protecting the environment starts with pollution control therefore, youth can help reduce
waste by paying attention to minor details in their daily lives, for example, not to take
extra plastic bags when we go shopping.
Green Tips: Going Green In House
1. Close the running tap water, when not needed.
2. Use the dishwasher, when the dishes are full. Try to avoid using it
more often i.e. for each single plate.
3. Try to be cautious in using water. Turn off taps when not used. By
this way, it is estimated every home can save more than a gallon of
water, which is very high when combined in a local.
4. Turning off Lights and saving electricity as much as possible is also
a way to go green. During the daytime, it is good to open windows
and screens to let sunlight in and fill house with warmth. After all,
sunlight is essential for body in the form of vitamin A.
5. The local power company would be able to provide a free
presentation on how to make the home a better energy efficient
home.
Green Tips: Going Green with Recycling
and Reusing
1. Giving away unwanted or unusable materials to free service organizations is a
better way to start going green.
2. Reusing the furniture would save some extra money spent on newer furniture.
For example, one can remodel a table by adding sheets of wood to it and
create his own wardrobe.
3. Recycling paper, plastics, glass and metals could also be done by making use
of the local trash pickup service.
4. Instead of simply throwing older items, one can use his creativity in creating
the essence out of them. For example, the older screen cloth could be
stitched with flat sheets and made as curtains or cloth piece covering the
shades of the lamp. They are easy and cheap in terms of interior decorating
materials.
5. Choosing reusable water bottles in comparison with plastic bottles every
month is a nice way to avoid using plastics and reusing the water bottles. They
may be expensive at the beginning, but once getting used to it, they would
prove worthy providing health and hygiene besides going green.
Green Tips: Going Green with Transport
1. Carpooling or vehicle pooling is the best way to save
environment from three or four times the pollution. Carpooling
can be done with friends, neighbors, or relatives working in
the same direction as yours, not necessarily the same
company.
2. Maintaining the vehicle regularly and providing it for service
near a service station would help minimize its pollution output.
3. Many companies have started offering the plan 'Work while
you are at home'. Enjoying this benefit not only saves green,
but also enables one to spend quality time together in a
family and allowing to save costs of travelling and fuel.
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL &
NATURAL RESOURCES (DENR)
DENR is tasked to formulate and implement policies,
guidelines, rules and regulations relating to environmental
management and pollution prevention and control.
MANDATE
• Executive Order No. 192 mandates the DENR to be
the government agency primarily responsible for the
country's environment and natural resources.
DENR VISION AND MISSION

VISION MISSION
• We envision a nation • Our mission is to
enjoying and sustaining mobilize our citizenry in
its natural resources and protecting, conserving
clean and healthy and managing the
environment. environment and natural
resources.
CORE FUNCTION/OBJECTIVES
• DENR is tasked to formulate and implement policies,
guidelines, rules and regulations relating to
environmental management and pollution prevention
and control. We formulate, implement and supervise
the government's policies, plans and programs
pertaining to the management, conservation,
development, use and replenishment of the country's
natural resources and biological diversity.
CORE FUNCTION/OBJECTIVES
• Further, we promulgate and implement rules and
regulations governing the exploration, development,
extraction, disposition, and use of our forests, lands,
minerals, wildlife and other natural resources.
END