BALDEROSA, JENALINE D.

BSA12KA4

Discussion: Discuss the following for final exam.

1. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program?

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program also known as the Republic Act No. 6657
that was enacted and signed by the late President Corazon Cojuangco Aquino on June 10,
1988 which became her centerpiece program. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Law was responsible for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in
Philippines. The law focused on industrialization in Philippines together with social justice.

In addition, it was considered the most comprehensive of all the redistributive programs
established by past administrations. Under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, the
agricultural sugar, coconut, rice and corn lands are to be distributed to landless tenants. In the
land reform phrase, “distribution of all agricultural lands,” agricultural lands include all arable
public and private lands. Also, the program has the following assumptions: 1) People are
productive if they own what they cultivate, 2.) Men always work harder when they work on that
which is their own, and 3.) Land ownership stimulates investments and greater productivity.

In summary, the Comprehensive Reform Program aims to promote productivity among our
farmers by giving them some privileges like the opportunity to own a land that they cultivate and
in effect, will help boost the economy because as the farmers become efficient, they are able to
supply sufficient amount of crops that the public needs. However, this program was not
successful because the owners of the private lands did not agree to give their lands or a portion
of their lands because it just seemed unfair for them.

2. Philippine Constitution
The Philippine Constitution is the fundamental law of the land. The constitution is defined as
a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other
organization is governed, thus, the word itself means to be a part of the whole, the coming
together of distinct entities into one group, with the same principles and ideals. These principles
define the nature and extent of government.

The Constitution of the Philippines, the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines, has
been in effect since 1987. There were only three other constitutions that have effectively
governed the country: the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitution, and the
1986 Freedom Constitution. However, there were earlier constitutions attempted by Filipinos in
the struggle to break free from the colonial yoke. That is why, it was said that there were eight
(8) constitutions that governed the Philippines which are as follows: Biak-na-Bato Constitution,
Malolos Constitution, Act of United State Congress, Commonwealth and the Third Republic,
Second Republic, The New Society and the Fourth Republic, Freedom Constitution, and 1987
Constitution.
 3. The Pact of Biak-na-Bato
The Pact of Biak-na- Bato which was signed on December 15, 1897 created an
agreement between Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the
revolutionary leader and president of the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine
Revolution. According to Historian Teodoro Agoncillo, that pact was made up of three (3)
documents which together came to be known as the Truce of Biak-na-Bato. Among other
things, the agreement provided the following: (1) that Aguinaldo and his men would go into
voluntary exile, (2) that Primo de Rivera would pay Aguinaldo the sum of $MXN800,000 in three
installments: (a) $MXN400,000 upon his departure from the Philippines, (b) $MXN200,000 when
the arms surrendered to Spanish authorities exceeded 700 pieces and (c) the remaining
$MXN200,000 when general amnesty had been proclaimed and the Te Deum had been sung,
and (3) that Primo de Rivera would pay an additional $MXN900,000 to the families of non-
combatant Filipinos who suffered during the revolution.

4. Whe the “revolution 1872” or Cavite mutiny was easily crushed?

The “revolution 1872” or Cavite mutiny was easily crushed because the Manile ños who
were expected to aid the Caviteños did not arrive. Leaders of the plot were killed in the resulting
skirmish, while Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora were tried by a court-martial and sentenced to
be executed. The revolution would have been successful if the Manileños just cooperated. Indeed,
this event just supports the argument that one of the main reasons why revolts failed due to lack of
leaders to unite the whole archipelago because if the the leader of the Manila troop just had a good
connection or communication with Andres Bonifacio no lives or small number of lives would have
taken away.

5. What kind of Government established by Aguinaldo immediately after his return from
Hongkong to prosecute the war against Spain?
The kind of government established by Aguinaldo immediately after his return from Hongkong was a
Dictatorial Government. The government was succeeded by a revolutionary government which was
established by Aguinaldo on June 23. It was temporary in nature so that when peace shall have
been reestablished and our legitimate aspiration for unrestricted liberty attained, it may be modified
by the nation, in which rests the principle of authority.

Note: I give plus [bonus] 40% for your final exam. But minus 2points everyday of your absent in
our class attendance. Happy vacation.