1.

General Emilio Aguinaldo (1899 – 1901)

 Emilio Aguinaldo was the first of the great Filipino revolutionaries and a forerunner of
the band of Asian patriots who fought in the 20th century to free their countries from
colonial domination.
 He led the Filipino revolt against Spain in 1896, fighting with a collection of barefoot
peasants.
 He led the Filipino revolt against Spain in 1896, fighting with a collection of barefoot
peasants.
 He was a well-known entrepreneur, soldier, and politician
2. Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944)
 Quezon established the Institute of National Language (INL) to create a national
language for the country. On 30 December 1937, President Quezon, through Executive
Order No. 134, officially declared Tagalog as the basis of the national language of the
Philippines.
 When the Commonwealth Government was established, President Quezon implemented
the Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933.
 The Agricultural and Industrial Bank was established to aid small farmers with
convenient loans on easy terms.
 Created National Council of Education.
 Approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines.
3. Jose P. Laurel (1943-1945)
 He advocated for education for the Filipinos, and their economic progress on books such
as Education for Filipinos: Address Delivered at the Commencement Exercises – Manila:
University of the East, 1952.
 He was involved in making the constitution which included the Bill of Rights of the 1935
Constitution, which was the so-called Seven Wise Men of the Convention.
 He started as a part-time laborer at the Bureau of Forestry. He served the three branches
of the government.
 He was the senator of the Third Republic and the author of Rizal Law
 The negotiator of the Laurel –Langley Trade agreement.
4. Sergio Osmena Sr. (1944-1946)
 In 1907 he was elected delegate to the Philippine National Assembly and founded the
Nationalist Party, which came to dominate Philippine political life.
 Osmeña proceeded with the immediate reorganization of the government and its diverse
dependencies.
 Rehabilitation of the Philippine National Bank
 To prepare for the forthcoming independent status of the Philippines, Osmeña created the
Office of Foreign Relations.
 Joined the International Monetary Fund during his presidency.
5. Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948)
 Congress accepted the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws under
his term.
 Reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his
presidency.
  Roxas also served as secretary of finance in the Commonwealth government (1938–40).
 Under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were
accepted by congress.
 He displayed profound statesmanship and intelligence, making his mark as a master of
economics.
6. Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
 Quirino’s six years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general
economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States.
 The conclusion of the Quirino-Foster Agreement to further intensify the economic
development of the country. This agreement provided for a Philippine-American
partnership in the economic development of the country, wherein the United States
furnish funds and technical advisers, and the Philippines will furnish labor and provide
counterpart funds. All economic projects were to be jointly supervised by the Philippine
Council for US Aid and the Foreign Operations Administration (FOA).
 Created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption.
 The establishment of the Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration
(ACCFA) to help farmers market their crops and save them from usurers.
 The establishments of rural banks in the provinces to give load to farmers at low interest
rates.
7. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
 Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 – Abolished the LASEDECO and established the
National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents
and landless farmers.
 Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing
Administration) – Provided small farmers and share tenants loans with low interest rates
of six to eight percent.
 Hukbalahap movement quelled during his presidency
 Philippines was ranked second in Asia’s clean and well-governed countries during his
presidency.

 Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) – governed the relationship
between landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold
system. The law provided the security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Court of
Agrarian Relations.
8. Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
 Garcia exercised the Filipino First Policy, for which he was known. This policy heavily
favored Filipino businessmen over foreign investors.
 He was also responsible for changes in retail trade which greatly affected the Chinese
businessmen in the country.
 His administration was characterized by its austerity program and its insistence on a
comprehensive nationalist policy. On March 3, 1960, he affirmed the need for complete
economic freedom and added that the government no longer would tolerate the
dominance of foreign interests (especially American) in the national economy.
 He promised to shake off "the yoke of alien domination in business, trade, commerce and
industry".
 Garcia was also credited with his role in reviving Filipino cultural arts.
9. Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)
 Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the Philippine
economy.
 He introduced the country’s first land reform law placed the peso on the free currency
exchange market and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls.
 On Jan. 21, 1962, Macapagal abolished the economic controls that had been in operation
since 1948. He devalued the Philippine peso by setting its value according to the
prevailing free market rate instead of by government direction.
 Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963 (Republic Act No. 3844) which provided for the
purchase of private farmlands with the intention of distributing them in small lots to the
landless tenants on easy term of payment.

10. Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986)

 Expansion of the Philippine military
 Marcos assisted 107 institutions in undertaking nuclear energy work by sending
scientists to study nuclear science and technology abroad, and providing basic training to
482 scientists, doctors, engineers, and technicians.
 His greatest achievements were in the areas of infrastructure development, safeguarding
the country against communism, and international diplomacy.

11. Corazon Aquino (1986-1992)

 Aquino promulgated two landmark legal codes, namely, the Family Code of 1987, which
reformed the civil law on family relations, and the Administrative Code of 1987, which
reorganized the structure of the executive department of government.
 President Aquino envisioned agrarian and land reform as the centerpiece of her
administration's social legislative agenda.
 The new Congress of the Philippines passed Republic Act No. 6657, more popularly
known as the "Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law" (CARP), which paved the way for
the redistribution of agricultural lands from landowners to tenant-farmers
 President Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229 on July
22, 1987, which outlined her land reform program, including sugar lands.
 The Aquino administration was able to reduce the Philippines' external debt-to-GDP ratio
by 30.1 percent, from 87.9 percent at the start of the administration to 67.8 percent in
1991

12. Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)

 In 1993, he ended a power crisis that crippled Filipino homes and industries for two
years.
 He implemented a comprehensive Social Reform Agenda (SRA) to address poverty.
 Under Ramos' presidency, the country's Gross National Product averaged 5 percent
annually.
 Ramos pushed for the deregulation of key industries and the liberalization of the
economy; he encouraged the privatization of public entities to include the modernization
of public infrastructure through an expanded Build-Operate-Transfer law.
 The first few years of Ramos' administration (1992–1995) were characterized by
economic boom, technological development, political stability and efficient delivery of
basic needs to the people.
13. Joseph Estrada (1998-2001)
 The Estrada administration widened the coverage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program (CARP) to the landless peasants in the country side, distributing more than
266,000 hectares (660,000 acres) of land to 175,000 landless farmers, including land
owned by the traditional rural elite.
 The Estrada administration widened the coverage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program (CARP) to the landless peasants in the country side, distributing more than
266,000 hectares (660,000 acres) of land to 175,000 landless farmers, including land
owned by the traditional rural elite.
 Estrada launched the Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA.

14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010)

 Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in economics, made the Philippine
economy the focus of her presidency.
 Annual economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the Arroyo
administration, expanding every quarter of her presidency.
 rroyo's handling of the economy has earned praise from former US president Bill Clinton,
who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Philippine economy back in shape.
 The peso strengthened by nearly 20% in 2007, making it one of Asia's better performing
currencies for that year, a fact attributed to a combination of increased remittances from
overseas Filipino workers and a strong domestic economy.

15. Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016)

 The Budget Impoundment and Control Act (Senate Bill No. 3121), wherein
"impoundment" refers to the power of the president to refuse the release of funds
appropriated by the Congress of the Philippines.
 Another significant Aquino contribution to the Philippines' corruption problem was
Senate Bill 2035, which is the Preservation of Public Infrastructures bill, seeking to raise
standards in the construction of all public infrastructures by penalizing contractors of
defective infrastructures.
 Aquino also pushed for the passage of the Amending the Government Procurement Act
(SB 2160)

16. Rodrigo Duterte (2016-2022)

 He came to office in 2016 with a promise to “Build, Build, Build.
 He launched the 8888 Citizens' Complaint Hotline, allowing the public to report
corruption and poor government services.
 Institute progressive tax reform and more effective tax collection, indexing taxes to
inflation. Increase competitiveness and the ease of doing business.