JOREYBIE B.

GADON
ALEAH MAE D. SOGUILON
MARY ROSE G. GAN
JULEJADE M. TUMAOB
FEBE LEXIE RABOSA
JONA LYNE ULAO
JAYVIE M. MANOCAY
REALYN FALLAR
JOSE FABELLA
DIOLE – AN JOY A. GURO
JENNIFER GALARIO

Group 2
BEEd II
POLITICAL
HISTORY
Group 2
BEEd II
OBJECTIVES

Students will learn about the history of

Philippine politics.

Students will learn about the Branches of

Philippine Government.

Students will learn about some information of

past Philippine Presidents.
 Definition

What is history?
It is systematic study and documentation of the
human past.

What is politics?
Set of activities that are associated with making
decisions in groups, or other forms of power
relations among individuals, such as the
distribution of resources or status
HISTORY Definition History

• Before the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, the Philippines

was split into numerous barangays, small states that were
linked through region-wide trade networks. The name
"barangay" is thought to come from the word balangay,
which refers to boats used by the Austronesian people to
reach the Philippines. These societies had three classes: the
nobility, freemen, and serfs and slaves. They were led by
powerful individuals now called Datus.
• January 23, 1899, after the Philippine Revolution
when the First Republic of the Philippines was
established.
BRANCHES
Group 2
BEEd II
Branches of Government
in the Philippines

The Philippines is a republic with a

LEGISLATIVE
presidential form of government
wherein power is equally divided
among its three branches: executive,
legislative, and judicial.

EXECUTIVE One basic corollary in a presidential

system of government is the principle
of separation of powers wherein
legislation belongs to Congress,
JUDICIAL execution to the Executive, and
settlement of legal controversies to
the Judiciary.
 LEGISLATIVE

The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and

repeal them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress.
This institution is divided into the Senate and the House of
Representatives according to the 1987 Constitution,

The Philippine Bill of 1902 mandated the creation of a bicameral or

a two-chamber Philippine Legislature with the Philippine
Commission as the Upper House and the Philippine Assembly as
the Lower House. This bicameral legislature was inaugurated in
October, 1907.

The Batasang Pambansa (National legislature) located in

Batasan Hill, Quezon City is the current base of the House of
Representatives.
 EXECUTIVE

The Executive branch is composed of the President who is elected by direct popular vote and
serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants the President authority to appoint his
Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of the country’s bureaucracy.

Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive power on the President of the
Philippines. The President is the Head of State and Head of Government, and functions as the
commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As chief executive, the President
exercises control over all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices.
 JUDICIAL

The Judicial branch power rests with the Supreme Court and the lower courts, as established
by law (Art. VIII, sec. 1 of the 1987 Constitution). Its duty is to settle actual controversies
involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable (Art. VIII Sec. 1 (2)).

This branch determines whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to
lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of the government.
Group 2
BEEd II
PRESIDENT

1st President

EMILIO AGUINALDO
Jan 23, 1899 – March 23, 1901
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

1st President: Emilio Aguinaldo

1. First (and only) president of the First Republic (Republic of
Malolos)
- Signed Biak-na-bato Agreement, which halts the fighting
between the Spanish and Philippine revolutionaries.
- Known as President of the Revolutionary Government
- Youngest president at age 28
- The longest-lived president, died at the age of 94

2. Philippine currency: 5 pesos of paper and coins

PRESIDENT

2nd President

MANUEL L. QUEZON
1935 - 1944
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

2nd President: Manuel L. Quezon

1. Dubbed the "Father of the Republic of the Philippines," he
became the first President of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines under the American government at the beginning of
the 20th century.
2. Known as the "Father of the Filipino Language."
Tagalog/Filipino is approved as the national language of the
Philippines
3. Women's rights in the Philippines during the Commonwealth
4. Philippine currency: 20 pesos
PRESIDENT

3rd President

JOSE P. LAUREL
October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

3rd President: Jose P. Laurel

1. National Defense Act (1944): This law reorganized the
military forces in the Philippines under Japanese supervision. It
established the Philippine Republic Army and provided for the
expansion, training, and deployment of troops to maintain
order and resist Allied forces.
2. National Language Law (1944): This law declared Tagalog,
renamed Pilipino, as the national language of the Philippines. It
was intended to promote national unity and identity under the
Japanese-sponsored government.
PRESIDENT

4th President

SERGIO OSMEÑA Sr.

August 1, 1945 – May 28, 1946
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

4th President: Sergio Osmeña Sr.

1. Philippine Independence Act (also known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act):
This law, passed in 1934 during the Commonwealth period under Quezon's
presidency, granted the Philippines a greater degree of self-government and
laid the groundwork for its eventual independence.
2. National Defense Act of 1935: This law established the Philippine Army as
the national defense force of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, providing
it with a legal framework and resources to safeguard national security.
3. Philippine Rehabilitation Act of 1946: This law aimed to rehabilitate and
reconstruct the Philippines in the aftermath of World War II. It provided funds
for rebuilding infrastructure, assisting war victims, and promoting economic
recovery.
PRESIDENT

5th President

MANUEL A. ROXAS
May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

5th President: Manuel A. Roxas

1. Tiding Rehabilitation Act - The Rehabilitation Act , otherwise known as the Tyding
Act authorizes the transfer to the Philippine Government of P 200, 000, 000 worth of
surplus property , fair value , located in the Philippines. The agency set up by the
United States Congress for the purpose of disposing of all surplus property located
outside continental United States is the Foreign Liquidation Commission , under the
jurisdiction of the Department of State.
2. Bell Trade Act – President Osmena and President – elect Roxas believe that the trade
bill and the war damage and bill were the best measures that could have been passed
by the Congress of the United States at the time and under the circumstances
prevailing in the United States when Congress took action on such measures.
PRESIDENT

6th President

ELPIDIO R. QUIRINO
April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

6th President: Elpidio R. Quirino

1. Executive Order No. 394 – Signed on December 31, 1950 – Creating an
accounting office and an auditing unit for the Philippine Army.

2. Executive Order No. 395 – Signed on December 27, 1950 – Amending

Proclamation No. 169, dated on February 22, 1950, by changing the
boundaries of the land described therein.
PRESIDENT

7 th President

RAMON MAGSAYSAY Sr.

December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

7th President: Ramon Magsaysay Sr.

1. Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954
LASEDECO was abolished and established the National Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Administration Main goal was to resettle landless farmers,
and aimed at the rebels who returned to provide them with lots for home
and farming in Palawan and Mindanao

2. Republic Act No. 821

(Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration)
Small farmers and tenants low interests of between six to eight percent with
their loans
PRESIDENT

8th President

CARLOS P. GARCIA
March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

8th President: Carlos P. Garcia

1. Filipino First Policy
This is the law that was passed by the Garcia administration, to give local businessmen
more priority over foreign investors. The government sector would help local
businessmen are entering industry that was filled with foreign competitors and give
them aid and sometimes financial assistance. Products of Filipino businessmen were
also preferred over foreign products

2. Republic Cultural Awards

The Garcia administration also put emphasis on cultural revival, due to the colonization
of many countries he felt that the revival of the Filipino culture was needed. The award
was given to Filipino artists, scientist, historians and writers.
PRESIDENT

9th President

DIOSDADO P. MACAPAGAL
Dec. 30, 1961 – Dec. 30, 1965
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

9th President: Diosdado P. Macapagal

1. Agricultural Land Reform Code (Republic Act No. 3844):
This law was enacted in 1963 and aimed at redistributing agricultural land
to farmers and regulating land tenure. It was a major step towards
addressing social inequality in rural areas.

2. Republic Act No. 4166:

This act changed the date of Philippine Independence Day from July 4th to
June 12th, the day Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence from Spain in
1898.
PRESIDENT

10th President

FERDINAND E. MARCOS
Dec. 30, 1965 – Feb. 25, 1986
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

10th President: Ferdinand E. Marcos

1. Martial Law (Proclamation No. 1081):
This proclamation, declared on September 21, 1972, placed the entire
country under martial law. This marked the start of his authoritarian rule,
which was characterized by human rights abuses, political repression, and
corruption.

2. Code of Muslim Personal Laws (Presidential Decree No. 1083):

This law, enacted in 1977, governs family relations and property rights
among Muslims in the Philippines.
PRESIDENT

11th President

CORAZON C. AQUINO
Feb. 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

11th President: Corazon C. Aquino

1. Clean Air Act of 1999
This law aimed to protect and preserve the country's air quality by
regulating emissions from vehicles, industries, and other sources, as well as
promoting cleaner and more sustainable practices.

2. Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA)

This law recognized and protected the rights of indigenous peoples in the
Philippines, ensuring their participation in decision-making processes that
affect their ancestral domains and cultural heritage.
PRESIDENT

12th President

FIDEL V. RAMOS
June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

12th President: Fidel V. Ramos

PRESIDENT

13th President

JOSEPH E. ESTRADA
June 30, 1998 – Jan. 20, 2001
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

13th President: Joseph E. Estrada

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999
REPUBLIC ACT NO 8749

The act provides for the creation of a national program of air

pollution management focusing primarily on pollution prevention;
for the promotion of mass media communication in order to create
social awareness and active participation in air quality planning
and monitoring.
PRESIDENT

14th President

GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO

Jan. 30, 2001 – June 30, 2010
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

14th President: Gloria M. Arroyo

1. Anti - Violence Against Women and Their Children (Republic Act 9262)
- penalizes the commission of violence against women and their children (VAWC)
in the context of domestic violence or violence in intimate relationships.
2. Magna Carta Of Women (Republic Act 9710)
- it is a comprehensive women’s right law that seeks to eliminate discrimination
against women by recognizing, protecting, fulfilling and promoting the rights of
Filipino women, especially those in the marginalized sectors.
3. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction And Management (Republic Act 10121)
- Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act and RA 9729: Climate
Change Act; aimed at mitigating the impact of climate change and disasters.
PRESIDENT

15th President

BENIGNO S. AQUINO III

June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

15th President: Benigno S. Aquino III

- Aquino introduced reforms on the Philippine education program by
introducing the K-12 curriculum by signing into law the Enhanced Basic
Education Act in 2013. This added two years to the basic education system;
which became known as the Senior High School stage.
- RA 10175: Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012; protects women and
children from violence and abuse brought about by developments in
information technology.
- RA 10354: The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of
2012 or the Reproductive Health Law provides for a national policy on
responsible parenthood and reproductive health.
PRESIDENT

16th President

RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE

June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022
 ACHIEVEMENTS &
CONTRIBUTIONS

16th President: Rodrigo R. Duterte

- Duterte reduced red tape for the masses and made oligarchs toe the line.
Of course, under Duterte, crime went down but extrajudicial killings
became rampant. Now, the President faces the grim prospect of being tried
before the International Criminal Court in The Hague for crimes against
humanity. Our Supreme Court has told Duterte to cooperate with the ICC.
- Free college education for all with 1.6 million enjoying it by 2020, up 36
percent from 2019. According to Duterte, “we expanded the access of
Filipinos to quality and equitable tertiary education through RA no. 10931
or the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act, which I signed
on August 3, 2017.”
QUIZ
get ¼ sheet of paper
TEST I: Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Before the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, the Philippines was split
into numerous barangays. They were led by powerful individuals now
called ______.
a. Datu Puti b. Datus c. Puti
2. When the First Republic of the Philippines was established?
a. Jan. 23, 1899 b. Jan. 24, 1899 c. Jan. 25, 1899
3. They are authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through
the power vested in the Philippine Congress.
a. Legislative Brach b. Executive Branch c. Judicial Branch
4. Who is the first President of the Philippines.
a. Eme Aguinaldo b. Emilio Aguinalde c. Emilio Aguinaldo
5. He is the 10th President of the Philippines who declared Martial Law.
a. Ferdinand Marcos b. Benigno Aquino III c. Fidel Ramos
TEST II: Enumerate
6 – 8. Give the three (3) Branches of Government in the Philippines.
9 – 10. Give at least two (2) laws approved by the past Presidents of
the Philippines.
11 – 15 . Give at least five (5) names of the past Presidents in the
Philippines. (First and Last Name)