THE

PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION
 SOVEREIGN STATE
International law defines sovereign
state as having a permanent
population, defined territory, one
government, and the capacity to
enter into relations with other
sovereign states
PEOPLE TERRITORY

GOVERNMENT SOVEREIGNTY
 FUNDAMENTAL POWER OF A STATE

Police Power Power of Eminent Power of

Domain Taxation
 WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION?

A Constitution is defined as the fundamental law of a

nation or state. It is the constitution that establishes the
character and basic principles of the government
The constitution of India is the longest written
constitution of any sovereign country in the world,
containing 444 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and
118 amendments, with 146, 585 words in its English-
language version. On the other hand, the constitution
of Monaco is the shortest written constitution,
containing 10 chapters with 97 articles, and a total of
3,814 word
 PURPOSES OF CONSTITUTION
It prescribes the framework of the system or the
kind of government that will exist in the state.

It creates the different departments and specifies

their respective functions and duties.

It is the source of the sovereign powers of a

government by establishing the fixed, first or
basic principles on which the government is
founded.

It promotes public welfare, which involves the

safety, prosperity, health, and happiness of the
people.
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF CONSTITUTION

Written and unwritten. A written

constitution is one in which most of
its provisions are embodied in a single
formal written instrument or
instruments.

Cumulative and Conventional. A

constitution is cumulative or evolved
when it has its origin mainly in
custom, common law principles;
decisions of courts.
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF CONSTITUTION

Rigid and flexible Rigid and Flexible. A rigid

constitution is one that can be amended only by
a formal and usually difficult process, while a
flexible is one that can be altered by the same
body that makes ordinary laws of the state
(Since, 1938).

Essential qualities of a good written

constitution. A good written constitution must
be broad, brief, and definite. It is broad in the
sense that it outlines an organization of the
government for the whole state.
 Constitution of
Government. This
portion of the Constitution of
constitution Liberty. This part Constitution of
describes the enumerates the sovereignty. This
framework of fundamental rights part indicates the
government and its of the people manner of amending
power; and also guaranteed under or revising the
defines the the constitution. constitution
electorate.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

1. The 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato

On November 1, 1897 at Biak-na-Bato in the town
of San Miguel de Mayumo in Bulacan, the Rewpublic of
Biak-na –Bato was established. The Biak-na-Bato
Republic had a constitution drafted by Isabelo Artyacho
and Felix Ferrer which was based on the Cuban
Constitution. The constitution was known as the
“Constitucion Provisional de la Republica de Filipinas”
(Provisional Constitution of the Philippines). It was
originally written in and promulgated in the Spanish and
Tagalog Languages.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

2. The 1899 Malolos Constitution

( 1899-1901)
On January 20, 1899 at
Barasoain Church in Malolos,
Bulacan, the Malolos Congress
proclaimed, enacted and ratified
“Constitucion Politica” (Political
Constitution). This document was
written in Spanish.
The Malolos Constitution was the first republican
constitution in Asia:
It was based on democratic traditions in which the government formed
was “popular, representative and responsible” with three distinct
branches--the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.

It called for a presidential form of government with the president elected

for a term of four years by the majority of the Assembly convened as a
constituent assembly;

It recognized the freedom of religion and the separation of the Church

and State;

It emphasized and safeguarded the basic civil rights of not only Filipinos
but foreigners, through a Bill of Rights
Acts of the United States
Congress (1902-1934)
December 10, 1898-March 24,1934-
Philippines was a United States Colony
Under the jurisdiction of Federal Government
of United States of America
US Congress- passed 2 acts; (Philippine
Organic Act of 1902 and Philippine
Autonomy Act of 1916)
 PHILIPPINE ORGANIC ACT OF 1902
A basic law for the Insular Government that
was enacted by the United States Congress on
July 1, 1902. It is also known as the Philippine
Bill of 1902 and the Cooper Act, after its author
Henry A. Cooper. The approval of the act
coincided with the official end of the
Philippine–American War. The bill proposed
the creation and administration of a civil
government in the Philippines. President
Theodore Roosevelt signed it into law in July 2,
1902.
Henry A. Cooper
 PHILIPPINE AUTONOMY ACT OF 1916

Known as Jones Law

Modified structure of Philippine
government by removing Philippine
Commission as legislative upper
house and replace it with a Senate
elected by Filipino voters creating the
Philippines first fully elected national
legislature
Hon. William Atkinson Jones
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

(Tydings-Mc Duffie Act of 1934)- (officially the

Philippine Independence Act; Public Law 73-127)
approved on March 24, 1934 was a United States federal
law which provided for self-government of the Philippines
and for Filipino independence (from the United States)
after a period of twelve years. It was authored by
Maryland Senator Millard E. Tydings and Alabama
Representative John McDuffie. In 1934, Philippine
politician Manuel L. Quezon headed a "Philippine
Independence mission" to Washington, DC that
successfully secured the act's passage in Congress.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

3. The 1935 Constitution and the

Commonwealth Government
On July 10,1934, an election an election was
held to vote for the delegates to write a
1935 Philippine Constitutional
constitution for the Philippines. The draft of the
plebiscite
Constitution was finished by January 31, 1935
and was approved by the convention by
February 8. There was only one dissenter,
Tomas Cabili of Lanao, who felt that the
Constitution did not serve the people of
Mindanao.
SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

The Constitution was approved by

US President Franklin Delano
Roosevelt on March 23, 1935 and
ratified by the Filipino people in a
plebiscite on May 14, 1935.
The 1935 Constitution and the
Commonwealth Government
The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines served as the fundamental
law of the land from 1935 to 1972. It established the Commonwealth
of the Philippines and provides that upon withdrawal of American
sovereignty in the country and the declaration of Philippine
independence, the Commonwealth shall be known as the Republic of
the Philippines.
The 1935 Constitution enumerated the composition, powers,
and duties of the three branches of the government (the executive, the
legislative, and the judicial) and created the General Auditing Office
and laid down the framework in the establishment of the civil service
in the country.
The 1935 Constitution and the
Commonwealth Government
The other provisions included the Bill of Rights, a provision for
women’s suffrage giving the women the right to vote and to be part of
the Philippine politics for the first time. The creation of a Philippine
Armed Forces for national defense, and the development of the
national language.
The framing of the 1935 Constitution was momentous event for
Filipino people. It showed the Americans that Filipinos had the
capability for self-government with the creation of the
Commonwealth Government in 1935 that led the country’s
independence a decade later.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

4. The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic

(1943 Constitution)
The 1943 Constitution was recognized as legitimate and binding
only in Japanese controlled areas of the Philippines but was
ignored by the United States government and the Philippine
Commonwealth government in-exile.
It was abolished eventually along with the Second Republic upon
the liberation of the Philippines by American forces in 1945 and
the reestablishment of the Commonwealth in the Philippines.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo- On May 6,

1943, Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo during a
visit to the Philippines pledged to establish
the Republic of the Philippines. This pledge
of Tojo prompted the KALIBAPI to call for a
convention on June 19, 1943, and twenty of
its members were elected to form the
Preparatory Commission for Independence.
He promise the Filipinos “the honor of
independence”
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

Preparatory Committee for

Philippine Independence- task to
draft new constitution compose of
members of prewar National
Assembly and individuals with
experience as delegates to
convention that draft the 1935
Constitution
25
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

Jose P. Laurel- appointed as

President by National Assembly;
highly regarded by Japanese for
openly criticized the US for the
way they ran the Philippines; he
had degree from Tokyo
International University
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

Jose Yulo- Supreme

Court Chief Justice in
1943 Constitution
Jose Abad Santos-
Jose Yulo executed Chief Justice
by the Japanese
Jose Abad Santos
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

5. The 1973 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship

. On January 17, 1973, President Marcos signed
Proclamation No. 1102 declaring the 1973 Constitution
ratified.
The 1973 Constitution provided for a parliamentary form
of government in which the President was the symbolic
head of the state and the Prime Minister was the head of
government. The prime Minister, who was nominated by
the president, acted as the head of the Cabinet.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

Legislative power was vested in the Batasang

Pambansa. The constitution also provided for the
establishment of the Civil Service commission, the
Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit.
In 1981, amendments were made to the 1973
Constitution and the President was restored from a
symbolic head of state to its original status as the head of
the state and chief executive of the country.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

6. The Freedom Constitution (1986)

On March 24, 1986, President Aquino signed Proclamation No.
3 entitled “Declaring a National Policy to Implements the Reforms
mandated By the People, Protecting their basic rights, Adopting a
Provisional Constitution, and Providing for an Orderly Transition
constitution, later called the “Freedom Constitution,” was
proclaimed, setting aside the 1973 Constitution thereby recognizing
the new Aquino administration as a temporary revolutionary
government until the framing of a new constitution. It basically
adopted some provisions of the 1973 Constitution especially the Bill
of Rights.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

7. The 1987 Constitution

Constitutional Commission (CONCOM) -
composed of 50 members appointed by Pres.
Corazon Aquino including former members of
House of Representatives, former Supreme Court
Justices, Roman Catholic bishop, political
activist against Marcos regime
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

By virtue of Sec. 1, Article 5 of the Freedom

Constitution, President Aquino issued on April 23, 1986
Proclamation No. 9, consisting a Constitutional
Commission (CONCOM) charged with drafting a new
constitution not later that September 2, 1986. In line with
this issuance, President Aquino, on May 26, 1986,
appointed the 50 CONCOM members representing the
various sectors of society from politics to the arts and to
the religion.
 SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

Cecilia Muñoz Palma- former

Associate Justice of Supreme Court as
President of Constitutional Commission
Several issue like form of government
to adopt, abolition of death penalty,
retention of US bases in Clark and
Subic, integration of economic policies
in constitution
SEVEN PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS FRAMED IN OUR HISTORY

Lino Brocka- film director and political

activist, member of Commission walked out
before constitution’s completion and 2 other
delegates dissented from the final
October 12, 1986- final draft is finish
October 15, 1986- constitution is presented
to Pres. Aquino
February 8, 1987- constitution was ratified
by a plebiscite
The 1987 Constitution consists of 18 articles
with a preamble
 Preamble
 Article I - National Territory
 Article II - Declaration of Principles and
State Policies
 Article III - Bill of Rights
 Article IV - Citizenship
 Article V - Suffrage
 Article VI - Legislative Department
 Article VII - Executive Department
 Article VIII - Judicial Department
 Article IX - Constitutional Commission
 Article X - Local Government
 Article XI - Accountability of Public
Officers
 Article XII - National Economy and
Patrimony
 Article XIII - Social Justice and Human
Rights
 Article XIV - Education, Science and
Technology and Arts
 Article XV - The Family
 Article XVI - General Provisions
 Article XVII - Amendments and Revision
 Article XVIII - Transitory Provisions
36
 ARTICLE I - National Territory

The national territory comprises the Philippine

archipelago, with all the islands and waters
embraced therein, and all other territories over which the
Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of
its terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its
territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular
shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around,
between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago,
regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part
of the internal waters of the Philippines.
ARTICLE II - Declaration of Principles and
State Policies

Article II lays out the basic

social and political creed of the
Philippines, particularly the
implementation of the
constitution and sets forth then
objectives of the government.
 ARTICLE III - BILL OF RIGHTS

Article III of the Philippine Constitution is the Bill

of Rights. It establishes the relationship of the individual
to the State and defines the rights of the individual by
limiting the lawful powers of the State. It is one of the
most important political achievements of the Filipinos.
Similar to U.S. jurisprudence and other common
law jurisdictions, the scope and limitations of these
rights have largely been determined by the Supreme
Court through case law.
ARTICLE IV – CITIZENSHIP

Article IV defines the citizenship of Filipinos. It enumerates

two kinds of citizens: natural-born citizens and naturalize
citizens. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens from
birth without having to perform any act to acquire of perfect
Philippine citizenship. The Philippines follows a jus sanguinis
system where citizenship is mainly acquired through a blood
relationship with Filipino citizens.
Natural-born citizenship forms an important part of the
political system as only natural-born Filipinos are eligible to
hold high offices, including all elective offices beginning
within a representative in the House of representatives up to
the President.
 ARTICLE V - SUFFRAGE

SECTION 1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of

the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at
least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the
Philippines for at least one year and in the place wherein
they propose to vote for at least six months immediately
preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other
substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of
suffrage.
SECTION 2. The Congress shall provide a system for
securing the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot as well as a
system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos abroad.
ARTICLE VI - The Legislative Department

Article VI provides from bicameral

legislature called the Congress composed of the
Senate and the House of Representatives. It
vests upon Congress, among others, the power
of investigation and inquiry in aid of legislation,
the power to declare the existence of a state of
war, the power of the pursue, the power of
taxation, and the power of eminent domain.
 ARTICLE VII - Executive Department

Article VII provides for a presidential

form of government where the executive
power is vested on the President. It provides
for the qualification, terms of office,
election, and power and functions of the
President. It also provides for a Vice
President and for the presidential line of
succession.
 EXECUTIVE POWER!

It is the power to enforce and

administer the laws
The executive power is vested
in the President of the
Philippines (Art. VII, Sec. 1)
Qualifications

• Natural Born Citizen

• A Registered Voter
• Able to Read and Write
• Atleast 40 years of age on the day
of election
• Resident of the Philippines for
atleast ten years immediately
preceding the election.
Oath of office
Before they enter the execution of their
office, the President and Vice-President
shall take the oath or affirmation
Oath- an outward pledge made under an
immediate sense of responsibility to God
47
 Prohibitions and Inhibitions

1. No increase in salaries during the term.

2. Shall not receive emoluments
3. Shall not hold any other office.
4. Shall not, directly or indirectly, practice any other
profession, business, or be financially interested in any other
contract with franchises of the government.
5. Avoid conflict of interest in the conduct of their office
6. May not appoint spouse or relatives by consanguinity or
affinity within 4th civil degree (ART. VII, SECTIONS 6, 13)
 Power of Appointment

Selection by the authority vested with the

power, of an individual who is to exercise
the functions of a given office.
Kinds of Presidential Appointment(Sec.15)
• Appointment made by an Acting
President
• Midnight Appointment
• Regular Presidential Appointment
• Ad-Interim Appointment
 Power of Removal

General Rule: This power is

implied from the power to
appoint(Cruz)
Exception – Those appointed by
him where the Constitution
prescribes certain methods for
separation from public service.
 Power of Control

Control – The power of an officer to alter, modify, nuillify,

or set aside what a subordinate officer had done in the
performance of his duties and to substitute the judgement of
the former for that of the latter.
Supervision – Overseeing or the power or authority of an
officer to see that subordinate officers perform their duties.
If the latter fail or neglect to fulfill them, then the former
may take such action or steps as prescribed by law to make
them perform these duties.
 Military Powers

1.) Commander-in-Chief clause

2.) Suspension of writ of Habeas Corpus
Effects of suspension of Writ:
• does not affect the right to bail
• Applies only to persons facing charges of rebellion
• The arrested must be charged within 3 days; if not they
must be released
• Does not supersede civilian authority.
3.) Martial LAW
Pardoning Power
Pardon- Act of grace which exempts individual from
punishment which the law inflicts.
Borrowing Power
The President may contract or guarantee foreign loans on
behalf of the Republic with the concurrence of the Monetary
Board, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
Diplomatic Power
The power to ratify is vested in the President, subject to the
concurrence of the Senate.
Budgetary Power
Within 30 days from the opening of every regular session,
President shall submit to Congress a budget or expenditures and
sources of financing, including receipts from existing and proposed
revenue measure.
Informing Power
The President shall address Congress at the opening of its regular
session. He may also appear before it at any other time.
Residual Power
Residual unstated powers of the President are implicit in and
correlative to the paramount duty residing in that office to
safeguard and protect general welfare.
 ARTICLE VIII - Judicial Department

• Judicial Department- judicial power on the

Supreme Court and other lower courts establish
by law (Congress)
• president- has the power to appoint justices,
judges, appoint nominees pre-elected by Judicial
and Bar Council
• JBC- composed of Chief Justice of Supreme Court,
Justice Secretary, Chairs of Senate and House
Committee of Justice and representative from
legal profession
ARTICLE IX - Constitutional Commissions
Establishes 3 Constitutional Commission

Establishes 3 Constitutional Commission

Civil Service Commission Commission on Elections Commission on Audit

 ARTICLE X - Local Government

LOCAL GOVERNMENT -political subdivision

of a state which is constituted by law and has
substantial control of local affairs with elected
officials
-refers to:
■ provinces
■ cities
■ municipalities, and
■ barangays
 ARTICLE X - Local Government
REASONS FOR GRANTING
LOCAL AUTONOMY
1. importance of local solutions
to local problems
2. for orderly management of
country’s affairs
3. desirability of self-reliance
4. for fullest development of
local governments
5. innate desire for self-
government
2 KINDS OF CITIES
1. highly urbanized city –not
subject to supervisory power of
the province
■ population: at least 200,000
■ minimum annual income:
P50M
2. component city – form part of
the province, cannot be deprived
of their right to vote for elective
provincial officials
ARTICLE XI - Accountability of Public Officers

Public Office
- is a public trust; not a property, nor a contract
Impeachment
-a method by which persons holding government
positions of high authority, prestige, and dignity
and with definite tenure may be removed from
office for causes closely related to their conduct
as public officials.
Grounds for Impeachment

1. Culpable violation of the Constitution - willful and

intentional breach of the Constitution.
2. Treason-committed by any person who, owing
allegiance to the Philippines, not being a foreigner, levies
war against the Philippines or adheres to her enemies.
3. Bribery
a. direct bribery – committed by a public officer who
agrees to perform an act constituting a crime
b. indirect bribery – committed by a public officer who
accept gifts offered to him by reason of his office
Grounds for Impeachment

4. Graft and Corruption;

5. Other high crimes; and (serious that will
affect life and workings of the government)
6. Betrayal of public trust - involves loss of
popular support even if the violation may not
amount to a criminal offense.
 Effects of Conviction

1. Removal from office;

2. Disqualification to hold any
other office under the Republic
of the Philippines;
3. Party convicted shall be liable
and subject to prosecution, trial
and punishment according to
law.
 ARTICLE XIII - Social Justice and Human Rights

This Article aims to promulgate to the people their

rights as a citizen of the Philippines. In this
Constitution, it seeks not only social justice but
also agrarian and natural resources reform, urban
land reform and housing; protection to labor;
recognizing the rights of every citizens’ and
people’s organization and to espouse an integrated
health development program. The state must
guarantee that “those who have less in life should
have more in law.”
 ARTICLE XIV - Education, Science and Technology, Arts,
Culture, and Sports

EDUCATION
The State must provide quality education for all and does
everything to reach out the farthest community to educate
each citizen of the country for free as much as possible.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The State has to give priority to research and development,
invention, innovation, and their utilization. It must support
indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and
technological capabilities, and their application to the
country's productive systems and national life
 ARTICLE XIV - Education, Science and Technology, Arts,
Culture, and Sports

LANGUAGE
The national language of the Philippines is Filipino and it must
be learned further than other language evolves within the
country. English is provided to facilitate instruction and further
communication.
ARTS AND CULTURE
The State has to conserve, promote, and popularize the nation's
historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic
creations. All the country's artistic and historic health
constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation and must under the
protection of the State which may regulate its disposition.
 ARTICLE XIV - Education, Science and Technology, Arts,
Culture, and Sports

SPORTS
The State must promote physical education and
encourage sports programs, league competitions,
and amateur sports, including training for
international competitions, to foster self-discipline,
teamwork, and excellence for the development of a
healthy and alert formulation of national plans and
policies.
 ARTICLE XV - The Family

The family is widely known as the basic unit of the

society. Everything learned and experienced inside' one's
home is manifested in the way a person acts and deals
with others. Hence, it is essential to build strong family
foundations.
This bill proposed the creation of a Commission on the
Family that will cater to the needs and demands of every
Filipino family. The Commission shall undertake further
studies, review and evaluation of the various issues and
problems that currently confront this sector.
 ARTICLE XVI - General Provisions

Article XVI contains several general

provisions, such as a general description of
the national flag, the establishment of
the Armed Forces of the Philippines and a
police force (presently the Philippine National
Police), the regulation of mass media and
advertising industries, the doctrine of sovereign
immunity, and others.
 ARTICLE XVII - Amendments or Revisions

It is a fundamental principle that a

constitution can only be revised or amended in
the manner prescribed by the instrument itself,
and that any attempt to revise a constitution in
a manner other than the one provided in the
instrument is almost invariably treated as extra-
constitutional and revolutionary.
 ARTICLE XVIII - Transitory Provisions

Article XVIII establishes provisions to allow a clean transition

from the preceding provisional constitution to the new
Constitution. This includes provisions for directing the elections of
the first members of the new Congress and of the President and the
Vice President, specifying the current courts and the term limits of
judges, specifying the initial salary for key members of
government, mandating the newly elected Congress to pass laws to
fulfill obligations set by these transitory provisions, and defining
grace periods and limitations for previous treaties, laws, orders,
and other instruments. This article also establishes that the new
Constitution will take effect when ratified by a majority of votes in
a plebiscite.
Three parts of the 1987
Philippine Constitution
1. Constitution of Government
The present Constitution established a representative democracy
or a presidential form of government acknowledging the civilian
authority as supreme over the military. Its prime duty is to serve
and protect the people. It also restored the Bicameral Congress of
the Philippines.
Under the 1987 Constitution, the Philippine government is
composed of three equal branches.
a. Legislative Department. A branch of government that has
the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws. i.e, The House of
Senate and the House of Representatives.
b. Executive Department.
This is another branch of government charged with the
execution and enforcement of laws and policies and the
administration of public affairs. This executive branch of
government is composed of the following;
• The President
• The Vice –President
• The Cabinet
• The Local Government
c. Judicial Department
This is the branch of government charged with the interpretation
of laws and the administration of justice. The judiciary has the
duty to settle actual controversies involving rights, which are
legally demandable and enforceable. This judicial branch of the
government is composed of the following courts;
3.1 Supreme Court
3.2. The Court of Appeals
3.2 The Court of Tax Appeals
3.3 The Sandiganbayan
3.5. The Trial Courts of the First and the Second Level
Three parts of the 1987
Philippine Constitution

2. Constitution of Liberty
This part of the 1987 constitution, The Bill of Rights,
enumerates the fundamental rights of the Filipino people. It
sets the limits to the government’s power which proves to be
not absolute. Among the rights of the people are freedoms of
speech, assembly, religion, and the press. An important feature
here is the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus which have
three available grounds such as invasion, insurrection, and
rebellion.
Three parts of the 1987
Philippine Constitution

3. Constitution of Sovereignty
Sovereignty. It is the quality of having independent authority
over a geographic area, such as a territory. Sovereignty is
exercised by the State to exact obedience to its laws upon the
citizens.
By virtue of this sovereignty, that power to amend or revise the
1987 Constitution is thereby vested on the Congress upon a
vote of three-fourths of all its members; or through a
constitutional convention.
Thank You
For Listening!