Atoms and Molecules

Formulae of Compounds

Table to remember (Very important) (Refer pg. 87 in your sci textbook)

 Ion: An atom of an element containing a charge is called an Ion.

 Ions can be positive or negative.
 Atoms of Metals have positive ions whereas atoms of Non-metals
have negative ions.
+ ¿−Have 1 positivelycharged ion .¿

Eg: Na+¿, K ¿

2+ ¿−Havetwo positively chargedions.¿

Mg 2+¿, Ca ¿

−¿−Have 1negatively chargedion .¿

Eg :Cl−¿, I ¿

2−¿−Havetwo negatively chargedions .¿

O 2−¿, S ¿
Polyatomic Ions: A group of atoms carrying a charge is
known as polyatomic ions.
2−¿¿
Eg: ( PO ) 3

 Polyatomic Ions are mostly composed of Non-metals.

Formulae of some Compounds:

Cris-Cross Method:

Eg:

The compound is determined by the charge of the ions involved in the

bonding themselves.

As we can see, the charge of ions Oxide is -2 and Lithium is +1.

The Oxide gives its charge to Lithium and vice versa….

Principle of Criss-Cross Method:

 The two elements/compounds will exchange their ionic charge with each
other and so, they form new compounds.

Criss-Cross method in Polyatomic ions:

Observe this diagram… You can see that the charges come from up to down
and are exchanged with each other. This is in the case of polyatomic ions…

 “If you understand the principle, you can easily understand all the concepts” 