Arithmetic Sequence:

1. In the A.S -7, -4, -1, 2,… What term is

an= a1 + (n-1)d
44= -7 + (n-1)3
44= -7 + (3n-3)
44= -10 + 3n
44 + 10 = 3n
54/3 = 3n/3
18 = n
2. The fourth term of an A.S is 18 and the 6th term is 28. Give the first
three terms.
an= a1 + (n-1)d
28 = 18 + (3-1) d
28 = 18 + 2d
10/2 = 2d/2
5=d
a1=3, a2=8, a3=13, a4=18, a5=23, a6=28
3. Find the 14th term of the A.S 5, 7, 9, 11, ….
An= 14
a1= 5
d= 2
an= a1 + (n-1)d
a14= 5 + (14-1) 2
a14= 5 + (14-1)2
a14= 5 + (13)2
a14= 5 + 26
a14= 31
Arithmetic Mean:
1. Insert three arithmetic means between 3 and 23
Given:
An= 23
A1=3
N=5
Solution:
23=3+(5-1)d
23-3=4d
20=4d
d=5
3+23=26÷2=13
3+13=16÷2=8
13+23=36÷2=18
2. Write the first five terms of an arithmetic sequence whose third term is
1 and whose 9th term is -17.
an=a1=(n-1)d
-17=1+6d
-18/6=6d/6
-3=d
a3=a1-6
7=a1
3. The sum of three arithmetic means between 34 and 42 is 114.
a5=a1+4d
42=34+4d
d=2
Thus, a2=36, a3=38 and a4=40
Sum=36+38+40
Sum=114

Arithmetic Series: Sum of the Terms of an Arithmetic Sequence

 1. Carson made deposits from his school allowances as follows: $10 on
the first week, $13 on the second week, $16 on the third week, and so
on, until he made 52 deposits. What was the amount of his last deposit?
How much was his total savings after 52 deposits?
an= a1+ (n-1)d Sn=n/2 (a1+an)
a52= 10+ (52-1)3 Sn= 52/2 (10 + 163)
a52= 10+ (51)3 Sn= 26(173)
a52= 10+ 153 Sn= $4,498
a52= 163
2. Find the sum of the first ten terms of the arithmetic sequence 4,10,16,..
Sn = n/2 [2a1+(n-1)d)
Sn= 10/2 [2(4)+(10-1)6]
Sn = 5 [8+54]
Sn = 5(62)
Sn = 310
3. A house helper receives a salary of $36,000 a year with a contract of
$250 annual increase a for 7 years. What is his total income in 7 years?
Sn = n/2 [2a1+(n-1)d]
S7 = 7/2 [2(36,000)+(7-1)250]
S7=7/2[72,000+1,500]
S7 = 7/2[73,500]
S7=7(36,750)
S7= 257,250
The total salary of the house helper in 7 years is $257,250

Geometric Sequence:
1. Find k, in the geometric sequence k-3, k+1, 4k-2
k+1 4k-2
k-3 = k+1
(k+1)+(k+1)=(k-3)(4k-2)
K2+2k+1=4k2-14k+6
K2- 4k2+2k+14k+1-6=0
[-3k2 +16k-5=0]-1
=3k2-16k+5=0
(3k-1)(k-5)=0
3k-1=0 k-5=0
3k/3 = 1/3 k=-5

2. What is the 5th term of the geometric sequence 3/20, 3/2, 15,…
An=a1rn-1
A5= 3/20 (10,000)
A5=3 (500)
A5= 1,500
3. a1=4, r=3, n=6
an=a1rn-1
a6=4(36-1)
a6=4(35)
a6=4(2463)
a6=972

Geometric Mean:
 1. Insert 3 GM between 5 and 3125
an=a1+n-1
3125=5(r5-1)
3125/5=5r4/5
4
√625=4√r4
±5=r
GM=√5(3125)
=√5(5)(625)
=√(25)(25)(25)
=5. 5. 5= 125
2. Insert 4 geometric means between 32 and 243.
t1=32, n=6 and tn=t5=243
243=32•r5
r5=(241)
32
5 5
r =3
25
r=3/2 with r=3/2
t1=32
t2=32•(3/2)=48
t3=48•(3/2)=72
t4=72•(3/2)=108
t4=108•(3/2)=162
t5=162•(3/2)=241
3. Find three geometric means between 8 and 216.
t1=8, n=5 and tn=t5=648
648=8•r4
r4=648
8
4
r =81
r=±3
If r=3, the geometric means are 24,72 and 216
If r=-3, the geometric means are -24,72 and -216

Geometric Series:
Finite Series
1. Find the sum of the geometric sequence 40+(-20)+10+(-5)+5/2+(-5/4)
S6=40(1-(-1/2)6)
1-(-1/2)
S6=40(1-1/64)
1+1/2
S6=540(63/64)8
3
/2
315
S6= /8
3
/2
S6= 315/84•21/31
105

S6=105/4
2. Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the geometric sequence 3,6,12
S8=a1 1-q8
1-q
=(3)1-28
1-2
=(3)1-256
(-1)
= 765
3. 32,16,8,…
S6=a(1-rn)
1-r
=32(1-(1/2)6)
1-1/2
=32(1-1/64)
1
/2
=64(63/64)
=63

Infinite Series:
1. Find the sum of 64+32+16+,…
Sn=a1
1-r
Sn=64
1-1/2
Sn=64
½

Sn=64x 2=128
1 1 1
Sn=128
2. Express 0.212121…
0.21,0.0021,0.000021,…
=0.0021=0.04
0.21
21
/10000x100/21
n=0.21
1-0.01
21
= /100
1-1/100
=21/100 =721x100 = 7/33
99
/100 100 99
3. Find the value of the infinite geometric series:
4+2+1+1/2+1/4+1/8+,…
S∞=a1
1-r
S∞=4
1-½
4
½
S∞=8

Harmonic Sequence
1. List down the reciprocals of the terms of the harmonic sequence and
then solve for the 16th term.
4,9,14,… is an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 5.
t15=t1+(n-1)
t15=4+5(15)
t15=4+75
t15=79
Thus the 16th term of the harmonic sequence ¼,1/9,1/14,… is 1/79.
2. The first term of a harmonic sequence is 2 and the third term is 1, what
is the 20th term?
The arithmetic sequence corresponding to the reciprocal of the terms of
the harmonic sequence has
t1=½ and t3=1
Thus d=1-½ =1/4
2
To find the 20th term, we have
t20=t1+d(n-1)
t20=½+19/4
t20=21/4
Thus the 20th term of the harmonic sequence is 4/21.

Harmonic Mean:
1. To find the harmonic mean, get the arithmetic mean of the
reciprocals of 2 and 6.
(½+1/6)=2/3=1/3
2 2
The arithmetic mean of ½ and 1/6 is 1/3 means that the harmonic mean
of 2 and 6 is 3.
2. Insert two harmonic means between 15 and 60.
Get the reciprocal of 15 and 60 and insert two arithmetic means
between them.
Let t1=1/15 and t4=1/60
t4=t1+(4-1) becomes 1/60=1/15+3d
3d=1/60-1/15
3d=1/60-4/60
3d=-3/60
D=1/60
Thus t2=t1+d=1/15+-1/60=4/60-1/60=3/60=1/20
t2=t1+d=1/15+-1/60=4/60-1/60=3/60=1/20
t3=1/20+(1/60)=3/60-1/60=2/60=1/30
The reciprocal of t2 and t3, are 20 and 30, which are the two
harmonic means between 15 and 60.

Algebra of Functions
 1. If f(x)=-4x+9 and g(x)=2x-7, find (f°g)(x)
(f°g)(x)=f(g(x))
=-4(2x-7)+9
=-8x+28+7
=-8x+37
Thus, (f°g)(x)=-8x+37

2. If f(x)=-4x+9 and g(x)=2x-7, find (g°f)(x)

(g°f)(x)=g(f(x))
=2(-4+9)-7
=-8x+18+7
=-8x+11
Thus (g°f)(x) =-8x+11
3. If h(x)=3x-5 and g(x)=2x2-7x, find (g°h)(x).
(g°h)(x)=g(h(x))
=2(3x-5)2-7(3x-5)
=2(9x2-30x+25)-7(3x-5)
=18x2-60x+50-21x+35
=18x2-81x+85
Thus (g°h)(x)= 18x2-81x+85

Linear Functions:
 2 Point Formula
1. Find an equation of the line through (6,-4) and (1,-1)
Solution:
Using (x1,y1)=(6,-4),
y-(-4)=-1-(-4) (x-6)
1-6
y+4=3(x-6)
-5
-5(y+4)=3(x-6)
-5y-20=3x-18
0=3x+5y+2
2. Using (x1,y1)=(1,-1),
y-(-1)=-4-(-1) (x-1)
6-1
y+1= -3(x-1)
5
5(y+1)= -3(x-1)
5y+5=-3x+3
3x+5y+2=0
3. Find an equation of line through (6,1), (3,-2)
y-(1)=-2-0 (x-6)
3-6
y+1=-2(x-6)
-3
-3(y+1) =-2(x-6)
-3y-3=-2x+6
2x-3y=9
 Point Slope Formula
1. Find an equation of the line through (4/3) with slope 6.
y-4=6(x-4/3)
y-4=6x-8
0=6x-y-4
 Slope Intercept Formula:
1. A line with a slope of ½ and a y-intercept of 7.
y=mx+b
m=slope=½
b= the y-intercept=7
The slope intercept form of the equation: y=½x+7
2. A line with a slope of 2 and a y-intercept of 12
y=mx+b
m=slope=2
b=the y-intercept=12
The slope intercept form of the equation: y=2x+12
3. A line with a slope of 3 and a y-intercept of -5
y=mx+b
m=slope=3
b=the y-intercept=-5
The slope intercept form of the equation: y=3x-5
Intercept Formula:
1. x + y = 1
a b
x+ y=1
-2 4
-2x+y=4
y-2x-4=0
2. x + y =1
a b
x + y =1
1 2
2x+y=2
2x+y-2=0
3. a=1/2b
b=2a
Using the intercept form:
x + y =1
a b
Substitute x=-2, y=6 and b=2a
-2 + 6 =1
a 2a
-2 + 6 =1
a 2a
-4+6 =1
2a
a=1
b=2
 Long Division:
1. x3-4x2+2x+5
x-2
x-2√ x3-4x2+2x+5
Solution:
x2-2x-2 2. -3| 2 4 0 -5
x-2√ x3-4x2+2x+5 -6 6 -18
x3-2x2 2 -2 6 -23
-2x2+2x
-2x2+4x
-2x+5
-2x+4
1
3 2
2. 2x +4x -5
x+3
x+3√2x3+4x2-5
Solution:
2x2-2x+6
x+3√2x3+4x2+0x-5
2x3+6x2
-2x2+0x 3. -2 1| 2 7 -4 7
-2x2-6x 2 3
6x-5 -4 -6
6x+18 2 3 -8 10
-23
3 2
3. 2x -4x+7x +7
x2+2x-1
x2+2x-1√2x3+7x2-4x+7
Solution:
2x+3
2 3 2
x +2x-1√2x +7x -4x+7
2x3+4x2-2x
3x2-2x+7
3x2+6x-3
-8x+10

Synthetic Division:

1. 2| 1 -4 2 5
2 -4 -4
1 -2 -2 1
 Remainder Theorem:
1. Use the remainder theorem to evaluate f(x)=6x3-5x2+4x-17 at x-3
3| 6 -5 4 -17
18 39 129
6 13 43 112
Remainder: 112
2. p(x)=x3-7x-6 at x-4
4| 1 0 -7 -6
4 16 36
1 4 9 30
Remainder: 30
3. Using the remainder theorem, find the value of f(-5), for f(x)=
3x4+2x3+4x
-5| 3 2 0 4 0
-15 65 -325 1605
3 -13 65 -321 1605
Remainder: 1605
 Factor Theorem
1. Use the factor theorem to determine whether x-1 is a factor of
f(x)=2x4+3x2-5x+7
1| 2 0 3 -5 7
2 2 5 0
2 2 5 0 7
x-1 is not a factor of f(x)

2. Using the factor theorem, verify that x+4 is a factor of f(x)=5x4+16x3-

15x2+8x+16
-4| 5 16 -15 8 16
-20 16 -4 -16
5 -4 1 4 0
x+4 is a factor of 5x4+16x3-15x2+8x+16

3. Determine whether x+1 is a factor of the following polynomials.

a) 3x4+x3-x2+3x+2
b) x6+2x(x-1)-4
Solution:
a) Let f(x)=3x4+x3-x2+3x+2
f(-1)=3(-1)4+(-1)3-(-1)2+3(-1)+2
=3(1)+(-1)-1-3+2=0
Therefore, x+1 is a factor of f(x)

b) Let g(x)=x6+2x(x-1)-4
g(-1)=(-1)6+2(-1)(-2)-4=1
Therefore, x+1 is not a factor of g(x)
 Systems of Linear Functions:
By substitution:
1. x-y=-5
x+4y=10
x=y-5
x+4y=10
(y-5)+4y=10
5y-5=10
5y=15
y=3
subtitue 3 for y in equation 1:
x=y-5
x=3-5
x=-2 The solution to the given system is (-2,3)
2. 2x+3y=-1
3y=-1-2x
y= -1 -2x
3
Substitute -1 -2x for y in the first equation and solve for x
3
3x+4y=1
3x+4(-1 -2x) =1
3
4 8
3x- /3- /3=1
3(3x-4/3-8/3)=3(1)
9x-4-8x=3
x-4=3
x=7
substitute 7 for x to equation 3
y=-1-2x
3
y=1-2(7) = -1-14= -15= -5
3 3 3
3. x-4y=12
x=4y+12
2x-8y=5
2(4y+12)-8y=5
8y+24-8y=5
24=5
2x+y=5
2x=y+5
y=2x-5
4x-2(2x-5)=10
4x-4x+10=10
10=10
 Systems of Linear Functions:
By elimination:
1. 3x-2y=4
3x+y=-2
3x-2y=4
-3x-y=2
-3y=6
y=-2

3x-2y=4
3x-2(-2)=4
3x+4=4
3x=0
x=0
2. 6x-y=-9
4+y=-7x 7x+y=-4
7x+y=-4
7(-1)+y=-4
-7+y=-4
y=-4+7
y=3
3. 4x-3y=7
3x-2y=6
2(4x-3y=7) 8x-6y=14
-3(3x-2y=6) -9x+6y=-18
-x =-4
x =4
substitute 4 to x in equation 6
3x-2y=6
3(4)-2y=6
12-2y=6
-2y=-12+6
-2y=-6
y=3