#Usually every sector has different thoughts on sociology on depending on their perspective.

But
the scientist of sociology said that it should be measured by depending on human being.
This chapter going to be discussed on Two topics:
 Background study
 What sociologists are trying to say, basically their core concept
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
 French & Philosopher
 Background (Major) from ‘Physics’
 First sociologist also one of the founding members of sociology
Theory
Circular Dependency
Everything is interconnected also have consequences, nothing is individual. For instance:
Bangladeshis are not enough maintaining the social distance so the rate s of infection (COVID-
19) increasing day by day. Now, at least 4- or 5-months people cannot travel outside of the
country.
Principle of Positivism
Positivism means that science is not the same as common sense, and it should be judged by logic
and remain free of values. Proper explanation.
 Social ills
Those who poorly adopt in the society for example A student of NSU used to
join at class late. The reasons are for traffic jam, transportation problem and etc.
But that student already concerned about the issues but he or she not concern so
far. So, these kinds of people are social ill and poorly adopt in the society. For
solving this problem, the only way is to apply the Positivism. Through positivism
it can be maintained.

Two aspects of Society

 Social Statics: Stability of society, Connected with each other
 Social Dynamics: Day by day everything is changing
Social Evolution
3 stages: Theological Stage, Metaphysical Stage and Positivism.
 Theological Stage: Biased opinion. For example: Some false religious concept.
 Metaphysical Stage: When there is no enough explanation left blaming to others. For
example: Still there is no expiations on earthquake.
 Positivism: Proper explanation.
 Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)
 Whig writer & Philosopher
 Write many things on soc but there is no specific creation
 First female sociologist
 Observe Auguste Comte’s work and explain through English

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)

 A biologist
 He copies his theory on sociology from biology of his work
Theory
Social Darwinism: Which is a doctrine as he copies this from his work of biology so it can be
accepted on sociology. Where he explains that people who could not compete, they are poorly
adapted in the environment. He refers this idea as survival of the fittest