APPENDIX "B"
November 5, 2002
BOILERSMITH LTD.
STACKS AND BREECHING
NOTE
The Stack and Breeching shall be installed in
conformance with national, regional and local
codes and standards and/or appropriate
legislation.
The purpose of the stack and breeching is to
conduct the products of combustion safely to the
atmosphere. In addition a well designed stack
will provide sufficient draft to overcome friction
losses in the breeching and stack.
Considerations
On individual units, a direct vertical connection
off the flue gas outlet of the boiler (it is preferable
to support the stack/breeching independent from
the boiler) or a horizontal offset connection may
be utilized.
See Figure 1.
In the case of multiple boilers, it is always better
to utilize a separate stack for each boiler. If this is
not practical, See Figure 2 for a Typical Multiple
Boiler Installation with Common Breeching.
BREECHING
Installation AND Construction of the
Breeching shall be in conformance with
national, regional and local codes and
standards and/or appropriate legislation.
Changes in breeching direction, shape and flow
area must be accomplished separately and as
gradually as possible to eliminate turbulence
which may adversely affect burner performance.
See Figure 3.
Page 1 of 6
The Breeching should be as short and straight as
possible without excessive bends to minimize
flow resistance.
A round breeching is preferred over a square or
rectangular breeching and stack.
Insulating the breeching will help to minimize
flue gas condensation which may result in
excessive corrosion. In addition the higher
resultant stack temperature will aid in increasing
the available draft.
STACKS
Construction AND Installation of the Stack
shall be in conformance with national, regional
and local codes and standards and/or
appropriate legislation.
The following types of chimneys are suitable for
use with boilers as supplied by Boilersmith Ltd.
- Rectangular Brick Masonry
Chimneys
- Radial Brick Masonry Chimneys
- Reinforced Concrete Chimneys
- Metal Chimneys
- Factory-Built, Type A Chimneys
- Factory-Built Pressure Fired
Chimneys
Factory-Built, Type B, L or Class 1 BH for
NATURAL GAS FIRED APPLIANCES
ONLY may be used if the flue gas temperature
is less than 500oF and a negative pressure exists
at the flue gas outlet vent of the boiler.
 APPENDIX "B"
November 5, 2002
BOILERSMITH LTD.
STACKS AND BREECHING
The walls of any chimney, gas vent or flue pipe
shall be constructed to be gas-, smoke- and flame-
tight.
A round stack is preferred over square stack.
Every chimney shall be capable of providing
sufficient draft to vent properly the appliances
that it serves.
The cross-sectional area of the flue pipe shall not
be less than the area of the flue outlet of the
appliance, except that a tapered reduction in the
section of the flue adjacent to the chimney is
permitted provided adequate draft is maintained.
Insulating the stack will help to minimize flue gas
condensation which may result in excessive
corrosion. In addition the higher resultant stack
temperature will aid in increasing the available
draft.
A rain cap or hood should be used at the top of the
stack to minimize the entrance of rain or snow.
See Figure 4.
The top of every chimney shall be at least 3 ft
above the highest point at which it comes in
contact with the roof, and 2 ft above a roof surface
or structure with a horizontal distance of 10 ft
from the chimney. See Figure 5.
Page 2 of 6
Installation of the Stack shall be in
conformance with national, regional and local
codes and standards and/or appropriate
legislation.
The stack should be higher than nearby structures
or geographical prominence since they could
create down drafts or eddy current.
SIZING BREECHING AND STACK
A Breeching and stack should be sized on the
basis of maintaining a flue gas flow of 30 ft/sec or
less with the boiler operating at maximum
capacity.
In the case of a multiple boiler installation
utilizing a common stack and breeching, the
breeching should be sized to maintain a constant
velocity of flow. The Equivalent Diameters of
Breeching for Multiple Boiler Installations to
maintain a constant velocity of flow are shown in
Chart 1.
For single boiler installations the Suggested
Minimum Breeching Size and Boiler Outlet
Diameters for Boilersmith Ltd. boilers is shown in
Chart 2. It is generally recommended that the
stack size selected be larger than the breeching
diameter and should not be selected smaller than
the flue gas outlet supplied with the boiler.
 EQUIVALENT DIAMETERS OF BREECHING
FOR MULTIPLE BOILER INSTALLATIONS
Required Equivalent Diameter of Breeching
Diameter to maintain approximately the same
(inches) flue gas velocity for one to five
boilers (in inches)

one two three four five

Boiler Boilers Boilers Boilers Boilers

6 8 10 12 14
8 12 14 16 18
9 13 16 18 20
10 14 18 20 22
12 16 20 24 26
13 18 22 26 30
14 20 24 28 32
16 22 28 32 36
18 26 32 36 40
20 28 34 40 44
22 32 38 44 50
24 34 42 48 54
26 36 44 52 58
28 40 48 56 62
30 42 52 60 68
32 45 56 64 72

CHART 1

MINIMUM BREECHING DIAMETER

(inches O.D.)

BHP Minimum Breeching Boiler Outlet

Diameter Diameter

< 20 6 8
25- 30 8 8
30 8 10
40- 45 10 10
50- 60 10 12
65- 80 12 12
90-125 14 14
135-155 16 18
160-200 18 24
215-255 20 24
275-300 22 30
315-350 24 30
360 26 30
380-400 26 36
420-450 28 36
500-515 30 42
550-600 32 42

CHART 2