Professional Documents
Culture Documents
line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name/name of organization, city, country of 1st author
line 2-e-mail address if desired
line 3 (of Affiliation): dept. name/name of organization, city, country of 2nd author
line 4-e-mail address if desired
This line is continued following the number of authors.
Use * symbol to point corresponding author after the punctuation mark
following areas without using specific subsection titles.): Objective: Briefly state the problem or issue addressed, in language
accessible to a general scientific audience. Technology or Method: Briefly summarize the technological innovation or method
used to address the problem. Results: Provide a brief summary of the results and findings. Conclusions: Give brief concluding
remarks on your outcomes. Clinical Impact: Comment on the translational aspect of the work presented in the paper and its
potential clinical impact. Detailed discussion of these aspects should be provided in the main body of the paper.
Index Terms—At least four keywords or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.
Note: There should no nonstandard abbreviations, acknowledgments of support, references or footnotes in in the abstract.
Footnote). 2 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the (1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (1),” or “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”
(see Table I). Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
Please note that the references at the end of this “cm 3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm
document are in the preferred referencing style. Give all 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for
authors’ names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings
authors or more. Use a space after authors’ initials. Papers and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m 2” or “webers per
that have not been published should be cited as square meter,” not “webers/m 2.” When expressing a range
“unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for of values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
publication, but not yet specified for an issue should be A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that have been punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
submitted for publication should be cited as “submitted for parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the
publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas
private communications [7]. are within quotation marks, like “this period.” Other
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for punctuation is “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example,
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published write “do not” instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is
in translation journals, please give the English citation preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”
first, followed by the original foreign-language citation If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
[8]. plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms “We observed that ...” instead of “It was observed
that ...”). Remember to check spelling. If your native
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they
language is not English, please get a native English-
are used in the text, even after they have already been
speaking colleague to carefully proofread your paper.
defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac,
and dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
incorporate periods should not have spaces: write
“C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript
the title unless they are unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” for the permeability of vacuum µ 0 is zero, not a lowercase
in the title of this article). letter “o.” The term for residual magnetization is
“remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do not write
D. Equations “remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer”
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers instead of “micron.” A graph within a graph is an “inset,”
in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First not an “insert.” The word “alternatively” is preferred to
use the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the word “alternately” (unless you really mean something
the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write that alternates). Use the word “whereas” instead of
the equation number in parentheses. To make your “while” (unless you are referring to simultaneous events).
equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the Do not use the word “essentially” to mean
exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word
avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When
when they are part of a sentence, as in compositions are not specified, separate chemical symbols
by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates the
(1) intermetallic compound Ni 0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn”
indicates an alloy of some composition Ni xMn1-x.
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
defined before the equation appears or immediately “affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun),
following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and
but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and
“equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “principle” (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not
“Equation (1) is ... .” confuse “imply” and “infer.”
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and
E. Other Recommendations
“ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate to the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There
complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.”
Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the (it is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that
2
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the is,” and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example”
unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to (these abbreviations are not italicized).
integrate the footnote information into the text.