So ene) Mechanical Engineering { , Topicwise Includes : Objective Solved Papers _ |} Conventional Solved Papers Paper | Paper ll Also useful for state engineering services examinations and other competitive examinationsSe ]3 Mechanical Tes} Chapter 1 Production Engineering...... 1. Steam Power Plant 2. Fuels and Combustion enn 3. Steam Turbines. 4. Gas Turbine, Es 5. Reciprocating Air Compressors, 6 Rotary Compressor... 7. Compressible Fluid Flow & Nozzle. 1+ Basic Concepts 8Zerth Law ofThermodynamics...6 EEE 2. Energy and Energy Interactions sevmmmnsinnensnnerl Strength of Materials 3. First Law of Thermodynamic.. ee 1. Properties of Materials. 4, Open System Analysis by First Law. 2 Ee 4 tarde gp 2 Sie Stessstian and Elastic Constant wncwnn53 ae cn a2 Shear Force and Bending Moment. a 9. Properties of Pure Substanceh.-n.23 * Cettotsand Moments of neta cB 5. Bending Stress in BeIMS enneevnne 37 chapters: 6. Shear Stress in Beams. 57 ‘ jie 7. Principal Stess-strain and Theories of Fallt@xuu.57 Basics and Air Standard Cycles. 33 8 Toron of shafts. ™ = 2. Combustion in SI and Cl Engines 34 9. Deflection of BEAMS nnn - me buts 10, Pressure Vessels, 59 4. Ignition, Engine Friction, Lubrication and Cooling...36 11. Theory of ClUMS xan 59 5. Supercharging, Engine Testing and EmissioNSwuuuu.36 12. Theory of Springs .uun ee ve 60 grows )Chapter 6 1 MOM ew » ‘Simple Mechanisms... Kinematic Analysis of Plane Mechanisms... ‘Mechanisms with Lower Pairs. CAM Design... FrictI09 Gears. Dynamics of Machines, Turning Moment, Flywheel Governors... 75 Fluid Properties. Fluid Pressure & it Measurement Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces, Buoyancy and Floatation nn. Liquids in Rigid Motion. Fluid Kinematics. Fluid Dynamics.. Flow Measurement Flow Through Pipes.. Laminar Flow.. Turbulent Flow in Pipes... 9! Dimensional Analysis. 91 . External Flow-Drag and Lift. 91 Impulse of Jets... Hydraulic Turbines... Hydraulic Pumps. Chapter 8 1, Design against Fluctuating Load Cotter and Knuckle Joit 2 3. Welded and Riveted JOIt sn.wanu 4, Threaded Joint and Power Screw. 5. Shaft, Key and Coupling 6. Chain and Belt Drive 7. Clutches... 8. Gear... 9. Bearing.. ‘Chapter 9 Réfrigetationjand Air-Conditioning...118- 1, Heat Pumps, Refrigeration Cycles & Systems... 118 engin Mean System of Forces. 2. Free Body Diagrams & Equilibrium, Equations..... 3. Friction. 4, Work and Energy..... 5. Impulse, Momentum and Collision. Chapter 11 Miscellaneous....... Section-B: Conventional Paper.CHAPTER een) 1. The purpose of chaplets is (a) just like chills to ensure directional solidification (b) to provide efficient venting (0 (d) to join lower and upper parts of the moulding box [SSC-E : 2007] The chief advantage of die casting is (2) possibilty of incorporating thick sections in small castings (b) casting of inserts is possible (c) wide tolerances are possible (a igh production rales repost [SSC-JE : 2007] Uniform sand hardness is obtained throughout the mould by which of the following moulding machines? (2) Diaphragm moulding (b) Stripper plate 3 (6) Squeezing [SSC-VE : 2008] The main advantage of shell moulding is that: (a) a metallic pattern is used () the moulds are stronger (©) thin sections can be easily obtained « [SSC-JE : 2008] In sand moulding, the bottammost part of the flask is called (@) cope (b) cheek (aD (qd) flask bottom ISSC-VE : 2008] 6. 10, " In order to ram the sand softer on the pattern face and harder at the back of the mould, which of the following types of moulding machines is used? @) Jolt (c) Squeezing (b) Sand stinger (d) Stripper plate [SSC-VE : 2008] The taper provided on pattern for its easy and clean withdrawal from the mould is called (@)taper allowance (b) draftallowance (c) distortion allowance (©) pattern allowance [SSC-JE : 2009] Which of the following is not a casting process? (a) Carthias process (l {c) Semi-centrifuge method (d) Slush process ISSC-JE : 2009] Surfaces to be machined are marked on the pattern by the following colour: (a) Black (0) Red (@) Blue [SSC-JE : 2010] In order to facilitate the withdrawal of pattern: (a) Pattern is made smooth (b) Water is applied on pattern surface (©) Allowances are made on pattern (a) Draft is provided on pattern [SSC-JE : 2010] Which of the following is not a casting defect? (a) Hot tear (b) Blow hole (c) Seab @ [SSC-E : 2010]13. 14, 16. 7. 18, SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Cope in foundry practice refers to: (a) Bottom half ‘of moulding box (b) ; (c) Middle portion of the moulding box (d) Coating on the mould face [SSC-VE : 2010] ‘Shrinkage allowance is made by: (a) (b) Subtracting from external and internal dimensions (c) Subtracting from external dimensions and adding to internal dimensions (d) Adding to external dimensions and subtracting from internal dimensions [SSC-JE : 2010] Hot tears are the result of which of the following? (a) Lower permeability (b) Lower green strength (c) More fins (a) Restraint of contraction [SSC-JE : 2011] Which of the following is not a foundry tool? (a) Riddle (b(AIBE® (©) Slick (d) Trowel (SSC-JE : 2012] The vertical passage for bringing molten metal to mould cavity is called: (2) Riser (oS (0) Runner (d) Gate [SSC-E : 2012] The process of pouring molten metal in the cavity of a metallic mould by gravity is known as () Permanent mould casting (b) Pressed casting (c) Shell moulding (d) Die casting [SSC-VE : 2012] Cupola is best suited for melting (a) Non-terrous metals (b) Aluminium alloys (c) Alloys of Copper (©) Ferous meat (SSC-JE : 2012] 19. 20. at. 22. 23, 24, 25, 26. MADE EASY Permeability of a foundry sand is (al Poros oper te escape of ase (b) Fineness of sand (c) Distribution of binder in sand (d) Capacity to hold moisture [SSC-JE ; 2012] Permeability is poor for- (a)(@IREIGAINS = (b) Medium grains (c) Coarse grains _(d) Rounded grains [SSC-VE : 2013] Metal patterns are used for- (a) small castings a large castings ) precise and intricate castings "hag sele icon age, The binder in case of synthetic sand used for moulding is- (a) Clay (b) Molasses (c) Water @ 1013] [SSC-JE : 2013] The shape and size of sand grains affects the following property (>) C503D (a) Adhesiveness (d) Strength (c) Refractoriness [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Cereals are added to the moulding sand to improve the following (©) Green strength: (a) Porosity (c) Hot strength —_(d) Edge hardness [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Plastic toys are usually produced by using: (a). shell moulding (b) green sand moulding (c) plaster moulding (2) injection moulding [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] To improve the surface finish of castings, the following additive is used in the moulding sand: (aReSiD (b) Oils (c) Wood flour (d) Sea coal [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] 4 4 ‘Mechanical Engineering 27. 28. 31. 33. 34, Non uniform ramming of moulding sand may lead to the following casting defect- (a) scabs (WEIS) (c) blow holes (d) bends: [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] ‘An important factor to be taken into account while designing a core print is- (a) Pouring temperature (b) Pattern material (c) Type of mould (2) Moulding sand characteristics [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] A casting defect which results in general enlargement of a casting is known as- (2H (b) shift (c) sand wash (d) blow hole. (SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] The process of removing unwanted material from the casting is called- (a) blowing (€) finishing (b) cleansing (4) fetting [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Which of the following materialis added to base sand to impart bonding strength- (a) sea coal (b) silica (SBSRORIED (d) wood flour [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] One direction solidification in casting can be improved by using- (a) chaplets and padding (b) chills and chaplets (c) chills, chaplets and padding (coggumenepedcig [SSC-JE : 2015] The process of making hollow castings of desired thickness by permanent mould without the use of cores is known as- (a) Die casting —_—(b) Slush casting (0) Pressed casting (a) [SSC-UE : 2015] The purpose of chaplets is- (a) (b) To provide efficient venting (c) Tojoin upper and lower parts ofthe moulding box Paper-t : Objective +_ Production Engineering (d) Just like chills to ensure directional solidification [SSC-JE : 2015] 35. 36, a7. 38. 39. 40. at. 42. In helium arc welding, the electrode is made of: (a) copper (b) carbon (c) mild steel! (c)qURGSIEP [SSC-JE : 2007} Which of the following welding processes uses. nonconsumabie electrode? (a) LASER welding (b) MIG welding (CHETEWEIEAED (0) lon-beam welding [SSC-JE : 2007] In resistance welding, the pressure is released (a) just at the time of passing the current (b) after completion of current (cater the weld cool (d) during heating period. [SSC-JE : 2007] Oxygen to acetylenes ratio is case of oxidizing flame is, (a) 1:1 () 15:31 {b) 1.224 > [SSC-VE : 2007] The material used for coating the electrode is called: (a) protective layer (b) binder (0) slag (ED [SSC-JE : 2008] Which of the following welding processes uses non-consumable electrode? (a) Laser welding (b) MIG welding (c\GIGWWEIEIRG = (a) lon beam welding (BSCE : 2008) Which of the following is not a welding accessory? (alf@a5lep (c) Hand screen (b) Electrode holder (d) Gloves [SSC-VE : 2008] The transformer used for AC welding sets (a) booster type (0) step up type (qystepiownnype (2) ‘equal turn ratio type [SSC-E : 2008]43. 44. 46. 47. 48. 49. Inwhich type of welding is a poo! of molten metal used? (aleectesiagy =) ‘Submerged arc (c)MIG (d) TG [SSC-JE : 2008] Plain and butt welds may be used on materials, ately : (b) 40 mm thick (a) 70 mm thick [SSC-VE : 2008] (c) 50. mm thick In arc welding, arc is created between the electrode and work by: (ay flow of eurent (b) voltage (c) material thickness (d) contact resistance [SSC-JE : 2008] For arc heating, the electrodes are made of: (a) copper (b) aluminium (graphite (d) ACSR conductor [SSC-VE : 2008] In arc welding, arc is created between the electrode and work by (a) flowof current (b) voltage (c) material characteristics (d) contact resistance [SSC-VE : 2009] Oxygen to acetylene ratio in case of neutral flame is: (2) 08: 1.0 ) (0) 1.2:1 (d) 2 [SSC-E : 2009] ‘The phenomenon of weld decay occurs in (a) Cast iron (b) Brass (c) Bronze @ [SSC-JE : 2010] Projection welding is: ( (b) Continuous spot welding process (c) Used to form mesh (d) Use to make cantilevers [SSC-E : 2010] SSC-JE_ + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 51. 52. 53. 54, 55. 87. Which welding process uses a consumal electrode? (a) Laser welding —(b) Thermit welding (c) TIGwelding —( [SSC-JE : 2011) Welding process using a pool of molten metal is (a) Carbon arc welding ( (c) TIG welding (d) MIG welding [SSC-JE : 2011] Which of the following is an example of semi- automatic welding process? {a) TIG welding ( (c) Submerged are welding (SAW) (d) Resistance welding [SSC-VE : 2011] Solder is essentially a ‘ommencberaeicy (b) silver-lead base alloy (c) bismuth-lead base alloy (d) tin-silver base alloy [SSC-JE : 2011] Filler metal is used in (2) Spot welding (c) Gas welding In Arc welding, the arc length should be approximately equal to: ( (b) One and a half time the: ‘diameter of electrode rod (c) Twice the diameter of electrode (d) Half the diameter of the electrode rod [SSC-JE : 2012] (b) Projection welding (d) Seam welding [SSC-VE : 2012] The Soldering Iron is heated in a gas flame until (9) hebitis the ed os (b) the coating of Borax on the bit turns black (c) the gas flame appears orange in the colour (d) the gas flame appears green in the colour [SSC-VE : 2012]Mechanical Engineering 58. 59. 60. 61 62, Paper: In which type of welding molten metal is poured {or joining the metals? (a) Arcwelding ——_(b) Gas welding (0) MiGwelding —_(o)(TRSERRIEWeICID {SSC-JE : 2012] The soldering process is carried out in the temperature range- (a) 15- 60°C (b) 70 - 150° (\@BORZSEED — (2) 300-500°C [SSC-VE : 2013] In electrical resistance welding, both heat and Pressure are used to effect coalescence. The Pressure necessary to effect the weld varies from- (a) 50 - 100 kaffem? (b) 100 - 200 kat/em? (c) 250-500 kgtiom? (d) 500 - 850 kat/cm? [SSC-JE : 2013] In Thermit welding, Aluminium and tron oxide are mixed in the proportion of- (HED, (1:2 (c) 4:4 { (d) 2:1 [SSC-JE: 2013] Spot welding is most suitable for joining parts having thickness up to- (a) 50mm. (b) 30mm (c) 20mm ( [SSC-JE : 2013] Thermit welding differs from other methods of welding in that- (a) it does not use heat (b) itis less time consuming (c) it does not require electrodes ()itemploys exothermic chemical reaction for developing high temperature [SSC-JE : 2013] The commonly used flux for Brazing is~ (a) Slag (ofIBSFED (c) Lead (d) Calcium chloride [SSC-UE : 2013] Ifelectric current is passed through the metals. to be joined and heated to the plastic state and Objective 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71 72. Production Engineering weld is completed by the application of pressure, the welding is known as- (@) Forge weld (b) Electric arc welding ( (4) Thermit welding with pressure [SSC-VE : 2013] Which of the following is an example of solid state welding? (a) Gas welding (b) Are welding (c) Thermit welding ( [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Generally used fuel gas in gas welding is N. (b) CO, (a) (CAD (@) He [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Spot welding, projection welding and or seam welding belong to the category of: « (b) forge welding (c) thermit welding (d) are welding [SSC-UE : 2014 (E)] Electrode used in TIG is- (a) Copper (oymTORESIED (©) Aluminium (d) Cast iron [SSC-VE : 2014 (M)] In are welding temperature generated is of the order of: (a) 8000°C (S5ORED (b) t000°¢ (d) 5500°C [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Consumable electrodes are used in- (a) submerged arc welding (b) TIG are welding (c) carbon are welding (a) MIG are welding — [SSC-E : 2015] Black colour is generally painted on? (a) Acetylene cylinder (b) Hydrogen cylinder (o)Onenevinder (a) None of the option [SSC-JE : 2015]74. 75. 76. 77. 78. SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers svcd 73. Reaming is the operation of (a) enlarging the end of a hole cylindrically (b) cone shaped enlargement of the end of a hole (c) smoothing and squaring the surface around ahole « [SSC-JE : 2008] A universal dividing head is used to perform a milling operation by: () plain indexing _ (b) direct indexing (c) differential indexing (d) compound indexing [SSC-JE : 2009] In grinding operation, for grinding harder material (a) coarser grain size is used (b) fine grain size is used (c) medium grain size is used (d) any grain size may be usec! [SSC-JE : 2009] When turning long shaft on a lathe, its bending can be prevented by (a) running the shaft at low speed (b) using high speed (c) using sturdy machine (a) using steady rest [SSC-JE : 2009] The operation of sharpening a grinding wheel is called: (2) trueing (by ESSIAGE (©) aligning (d) balancing [SSC-JE : 2009] In which of the following operations on lathe, will the spindle speed be minimum? (a) Knurting (b) Fine finishin (c) Taper turning ‘oniThréad eating? [SSC-JE : 2009] For drilling operation, the cylindrical job should always be clamped ona: (2) collect (b) socket (©) jaw ( [SSC-JE : 2009} 81. 82, 84, 85. 86. mAape 7 Which of the following machines does require quick return mechanism? (a) Slotter (b) Planer (c) Shaper (c)(Breaching [SSC-JE : 2009] Milling machine is classified as horizontal or vertical type, depending on the position of: (aNiSBINCIED (b) work piece (c) milling cutter (d) work table or bed [SSC-JE : 2009] 1 Continuous chips are formed when machining: (2) Ductile material (b) Brittle material ‘ (c) Heat treated material (d) None of the above 3 [SSC-JE : 2010] Size of shaper is specified by: (a)(MISRIGIHTGF SHORE (b) Size of table (c) Maximum size of tool (d) Ratio of forward to return stroke [SSC-JE : 2010] The following type of chip is produced when machining ductile materials: 7 (a) Continuous chip (b) Discontinuous chip (c)(COntIRUOUSICHIBIENIBUIEUp-cage (d) No chips are produced [SSC-VE : 2010] Select the correct sequence of the following parameters in descending order of influence on tool life 1, Feed rate 2. - Depth of cut 3. Cutting speed (a) 1.2.3 ()2,3,1 (SD (d) 3,2,1 y [SSC-JE :2011] In a taper turning operation, maximum and _ minimum diameters of the job are ‘D' and ‘d. respectively. What is the -tapper angle, if th Job length is £7 oss‘Mechanical Engineering 87. 88. 89. 90. 1. 92, °) (of 2H) (oy tav(2= (0) 2tan(2=4) [SSC-JE : 2011] Orthogonal cutting system is also called (a) one-dimensional cutting system (>) two-dimensional cutting system (c) three-dimensional cutting system (A) None of these [SSC-VE : 2011] Ina shaper, metal is removed during ( (b) return stroke only (c) both the forward and the return strokes (d) neither the forward stroke nor the return + stroke (c) tan-(D~ a) ISSC-JE: 2011] ‘Quick return mechanism is incorporated in a (a) Lathe machine (b) Milling machine (c) Drilling machine (a)(SREBINGIMECRING [SSC-VE: 2011] For which machines, are very large speed range required? (a) Drillin (b) Shaping en) (d) Planning [SSC-JE : 2011] Which part of the cutting tool is prone to crater wear? (alifaee) (c) Base (b) Shank (@) Flank [SSC-VE : 2012] The size of a Shaper is specified by (a) Gross weight of machine (b) Surface area that can be machined in one hour (c) Quick return ratio ( 7 SC-JE : 2012] Railway rails are generally made of (a) Medium Carbon Steel (b) High Carbon Stee! (c) Alloy Steel containing 0.8 to 0.9% Carbon (a) Mild Stee! [SSC-ME : 2012] Paper-1: Objective 94, 97. 98. 99. 100. Production Engineering In case of sloting machine, cutting action place in (a) forward stroke (©) downward stroke (c) backward stroke (A) upward stroke [SSC-UE : 2012] In a drill operation : (2) Torque is equal to the axial force (b) Torque is more than the axial force () (4) Torque is half the axial force [SSC-JE : 2012] Lathe bed is made of: (Caste (b) Alloy Stee! (c) High Carbon Steel (6) Mild Steet [SSC-JE : 2012] While using High Speed Stee! tools on lathe, the speed of chuck will be lowest while machining? (a) Copper ( (c) Brass lay Cast Iron [SSC-JE : 2012] When turning Mild Steel, if the area of cross- section of the cut remain constant, the cutting force will be minimum if depth of cutis (a) Approximately equal to the feed per revolution (b) One and a halt time the feed per revolution (c) Two times the feed per revolution (4) Half the feed per revolution [SSC-JE : 2012] The most important requisite of a cutting tool material is- (@) carbon percentage (6) percentage of alloying element (©) €@@ HGH NRE ss (d) easy fabrication [SSC-VE : 2013] The angle between the face and the flank of the single point cutting tool is known as- (a) rake angle ——_(b) clearance angle (CUIBEAGIE © (d) side angle [SSC-VE : 2013]0 ise Previous Solved Papers 8 101, 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. l SSC-JE + Topicwi: Too! signature comprises of how many elements- (a) 5 i (c)9 (a) 11 [SSC-JE : 2013] Ahalf nut is- (a) nut manufactured in parts (b) nut with half the standard pitch (c) a double start nut for a quick shaft (c) mmnmmmmnioginalg "2 carriage to the lead screw for thread cutting [SSC-JE : 2013] ‘Automobile gears are generally manufactured by- (a) (b) Stamping (c) Extrusion (d) Rolling [SSC-JE : 2013] In case of shapper, for finish machining, the practice is to use- (a) maximum feeds at high speeds (b) maximum feeds at slow speeds (c) minimum feeds at slow speeds (d) is [SSC-JE : 2013] In which milling operation, is the surface finish better- (a) Climb (b) Down (c) Conventional (d) Face [SSC-VE : 2013] The tool material which has high heat and wear resistance is fe) Ceramics -__(b) Gamentediearbide 107. 108. (d) Medium alloy steel (c) Carbon steels [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The binding material used in cemented carbide tools is : (a) Nickel (bICoBaiD (c) Chromium (d) Carbon [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The Taylor's correlation between the cutting speed (V) and the tool life (T) is given by- (a) “ = Constant (b) G7BIESRSERID (c) x =Constant (d) V°T= Constant [SSC-UE : 2014 (M)] 409. The only angle on which the strength oft depends, is- Y (b) clearance angie ( (c) rake angle (d) cutting angle [SSC-JE : 2014 (| The relationship between tool life (7) and cut me speed (V) Is expressed as, when r! and’ constant. P (a) VT =C (b) Gre cumzem 77° [SSC-JE : 2015} 411, Crater wear takes place ina single point cutting tool at the- (ESC (b) Flank (c) Tip (d) Side rake [SSC-JE : 2015] PAs) 412. Which one of the following manufacturing processes requires the provision of ‘lash gutter? (ayigiesedisietforaine (b) Centrifugal casting (c) Investment casting (d) Impact extrusion [SSC-JE : 2014] 113, Hot working of metal is carried out: (@) jemperature (b) At the Recrystallisation temperature (c) Working temperature depends upon physical conditions of work piece (d) Below the Recrystallisation temperature | [SSC-JE : 2012] 114, The Forging of the Steel specimen is normally — done at a temperature of (a) 800°C (ofOOROND (c) 1500°C , (d) 400°C [SSC-JE : 2012] 115, In order to get the uniform thickness of the plate by rolling process, one provides- (a (b) Offset on the rolls (c) Hardening of the rolls (d) Antifriction bearing [SSC-JE : 2013) 4Mechanical Engineering Paper-I: Objective + Production Engineering 116. Dies for wire drawing are made of- (a)CastStes!_ _(b) Cast Iron (©) Carbides: (d) Wrought Iron {SSC-JE: 2013] 120. The crank pin is to connected in the bush and the dimensions for the bush and crank ate given Seer cel Elmore eur 117. Blanking and piercing operations can be performed simultaneously in- respectively of in mm are 1688, 16288, (a) Simpledie ——(b) M pees oe anemone ven clearance between bush and crank Rese: 2018) (2) 0.079 mm (©) 0.0079 mm 118. A moving mandtel is used in- (©) 0.035 mm (A) 0.062 mm (a) Forging (©) Wire drawing (SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] (C\TUBEREWIAGH (4) Metal casting . Irding to Indian Standard Specifications, TSSCUE: 2015] 121+ According o Indian Standard Spe a plain carbon steel designated by 40 C8 means & ‘The process used for relieving the internal stress that the percentage of carbon content is- previously set up in the metal for increasing the (a) 0.41006 (b) 0.04 machinability of the steel is (c) 0.6 00.8 (CRON iad Normalizing [SSC-JE : 2015] (co) 1) Spheroidising [SSC-JE : 2015] EERIE) Production Engineering 1 © 2 @ 3 © 4 @ 5 © 6 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (d) 1 (a) 20. (a) 2t. Wd) 2d). b) oH. Cy 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (b) Be) f@)— 30. (db). 84.) 8.) 33. (d) 34 (a) 35. (d) 36. (0) 87. () «38 (d) «89. (d) 40.) 41. (a) 42. (©) «43. (a) 44. (8) 45. (a) 46.) 7, (a) 48 (6) 49. (d) 50. (a) 51. (d) 52 (6) 53. (b) 54. (@) 55. (c) 5B. a) 57. (a) 58 (d) 59. (c) 60. (c) 61. (a) 62 (d) 63. (d) 64. (b) 65. (c) 66. (d) 67. (c) 68 (a) 69 (b) 70 (0) 71. (@) 72 (©) 73. (d) 74, (a) 75. (d)~=—-76. (d)«=—77. (6) «78. ()~— 79. (d)— «8. (A) 81. (a) 82. (a) 83. (a) 84, (c) 85. (b) 86. (a) 87. (b) 88. (a) 89. (d) 90. (c) 91. (a) 92. (d) 93. (c) 94, (b) 95. (c) 96. (a) 97. (b) 98. (d) . 99. (c) 100. (c) 101. (b) 102 (d)~—108. (a) 104. (d) 105. (b) 106. (b) 107. (b) 108. (b) 109. (a) 410. (c) 41114. (a) 112. (a) 113. (a) 114. (b) 115. (a) 116. (c) 117. (b) 118. (c) 119. (c) 120. (a) Aan, (a)Me The purpose of chaplets is to support the cores. He 4. Excellent dimensional accuracy. 2, Smooth cast surfaces 3. Thinner walls can be cast compared to sand and permanent mold casting. 4. Inserts can be cast in such as threaded inserts, heating elements, and high strength bearing surfaces. 5. Reduces or eliminates secondary machining operations. 6. Rapid production rates. The chief advantage is high production rates are possible. cC) Uniform sand hardness is obtained through out the mould by sand slinger. Sand slinging is done by throwing sand into the flask rapidly and with great force. This process develops uniform high mould hardness. The process is very fast and gives high uniform sand ramming. The sand should be uniformly sprayed into the mould by moving the nozzle through the entire area of the flask. Also it is necessary that the sand be sprayed in layers to achieve uniform hardness. ie The advantage of shell moulding are: Better surface finish Better dimensional tolerances Reduced machining Less foundary space required Low labour costs Can be easily automated for mass production High productivity 8. Complex shapes can be made as there is no need to withdraw the pattern 8. Very fine details and thin sections can be obtained. But main advantage is that high production rate is possible. Poe SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers eee Bo. Ge ae) Be i. [) Ta In sand moulding, the bottom most part of th drag is called cheek. In order to ram the sand soften on the pattern, face and harder at the back of the mould, squeeze ramming is used. In squeeze ramming, a plate slightly smaller than the inside dimensions of the moulding flask is fitted into the flask already fitted with the moulding sand, ‘Auniform pressure is applied on the plate, which, compacts the sand uniformly. The sand next to the plate rams hardest while the sand below (face of pattern) is progressively less hard, ‘The taper provided on pattern for its easy and clean withdrawal from the mould is called draft | allowance. Extusion is not a casting process. Pattern colour coding practice is followed in the foundary in order to give the necessary information to the mould maker. 1. Red or Orange : Surface is not to be finished but left as cast. 2. Yellow : Surface is to be machined. 3. Black : Core prints for unmachined openings machined openings. 5. Green : Loose pieces or loose core prints In order to facilitate the withdrawal of pattern, draft is provided on pattern. At the time of withdrawing the pattern from the sand mould, the vertical faces of the pattern are in continuous Contact with the mould wall, which may damage the mould cavity. To avoid this, the vertical faces.Mechanical Engineering are always tapered from the parting plane. This allowance ranges from 1/2° to 2°, Dralts always provided as extra metal over and above the final dimensions of the pattern, ei Decarburisation is not a casting defect. Ee Cope in foundry practice refers to top half of moulding box. The bottom half is called drag and any intermediate flask used in case of three piece moulding is called cheek. Shrinkage allowance is made by adding to external and internal dimensions. Oy Hot tears is the rupturing of casting during cooling as the metal has restraint to contraction, thus developing residual stress which finally leads rupture of casting, ‘* Arbor is not a foundry tool. It is a shaft on which machining tool is mounted. eg milling machine. © Showel tool is used for mixing and tempering moulding sand and for moving the sand pile to flask * Trowel tool is used to shape and smooth the surfaces of the mould and for doing small repairs. They are made of steel and are relatively long and narrow. * Riddle tool is a screen or sieve used to remove small pieces of metal and foreign particles from the moulding sand. (b) The vertical passage for bringing molten metal to mould cavity is called sprue. TAG ‘The process of pouring molten metal inthe cavity of a metallic mould by gravity is called permanent mould casting. Generally two halves of amould are made from materials suchas cast iron, steel, bronze, graphite or refractory metal alloys. Ibjective +__ Production Engineering ai Cupola is best suited for melting ferrous metals. Permeability of a foundry sand is the porosity of sand to permit the escape of gases/air. om For fine grains, permeability is poor, Permeability is defined as the porosity of the moulding sand in order to allow the escape of any air, gases or moisture present or generated in the mold when the molten metal is poured into it, Permeability is a function of grain size, grain shape and moisture and clay contents in the moulding sand. Hala Metals like aluminium, brass, cast iron are used for making patterns. The dimensional accuracy is high butthe limitation is that a wooden pattern has to be first made to cast the metal pattern, thus expensive, Hence itis used only for higher production rates, Ele Binders are added to give cohesion to moulding sand. It provides strength to the moulding sand and enable it to retain its shape as mould laxity. So, synthetic sand consisting of silica sand is added with bentonite and water which provide bonding strength to it. Eo The shape and size of the sand grains affects various moulding sand properties. The size can be coarse or fine and the shape can be round or angular. Coarse grains increase permeability and fine grains provide surface finish Thus porosity of sand is determined by the shape and size of the sand grains. Cereals are added to the moulding sand to improve green strength. The moulding sand containing moisture is termed as green sand. The green sand should have enough strength so thatthe constructed mould retains its shape.121 Plastic toys are usually produced by using injection moulding. Both thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics are injection moulded and various products like cups, containers, housings, tool handles, knobs, electrical and communication components, toys and plumbing fitings are made using this. fa) Resins are the additives used in moulding sand to improve the surface finish of castings. Resins, natural or synthetic gum with high metting points like phenol formaldehyde has a good collapsibility, low gassing and is capable of delivering a good surface finish. {b), Under the influence of the metallostatic force, the mould wall may move back causing a swell in the dimensions of the casting. It is caused due to non-uniform ramming of the moulding sand. For all those castings where coring is required, provision should be made to support the core inside the mould cavity, which is provided by core prints. An important factor to be taken into account while designing a core print is moulding sand characteristics. Also buoyancy force of the molten metal decides the design of core prints. Es) A casting defect resulting is general enlargement of a casting is known as swell. It ‘occurs under the metallostatic forces resulting in mixing back of the mould wall enlarging the casting, Em ‘The process of removing unwanted material from the casting is called fettling, Ee ‘The popular type of clay - BENTONITE, is the mater i pari, which is added to impart bonding SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers m In casting, chills and padding are used improve directional solidification. d) 7 Centrifugal casting is the process of making hollow castings of desired thickness b permanent mould without use of cores, in casting process, the purpose of chaplets ig to support the core. a Helium arc welding is TIG welding, with helium as shielding gas, uses the electrode made of tungsten. In resistance welding, the joining of two sheets: is accomplished by heating by passing current through electrodes and after the current is switched off, the pressure is applied to coalesce the two sheets and pressure is released only alter the weld (nugget) solidifies. Ele In case of oxidizing flame, oxygen volume is higher than actylene, hence oxygen to acetylene ratiois 2:4 Eas - ‘The material used for coating the electrode is called flux, TIG welding uses non - consumable electrode. (aj Cable is not a welding accessory. ae ‘The transformer used for AC weldit welding setsis step down type transformer. ° i I i slectosiag welding, a pool of molten metal is.Mechanical Engineering Bn Plain and butt welds may be used on materials upto approximately 25 mm thick, In arc welding, arc is created between the electrode and work by flow of current. tle For arc heating, the electrodes are made of graphite. fa) In arc welding arc is created between the electrode and work by flow of current. a3. [O) Oxygen to acetylene ratio in case of neutral flame is 1: 1. Equal volume of oxygen and acetylene are consumed for neutral flame in oxy- acetylene welding, fe Weld decay is a form of intergranular corrosion usually of stainless steels or certain nickel-base alloys, that occurs as the result of sensitization in the heat-affected zone during the welding operation. The corrosive attack is restricted to the heat affected zone (HAZ). 150. (0) Projection welding is a multi-spot welding process. It is an electric resistance welding process that uses small projections, ‘embossments or intersections on one or both components of the weld to localize the heat and Pressure. Itis a modification of spot welding. @ MIG weldit electrode. Ee Submerged arc welding uses a pool of molten metal. In SAW, the weld arc is shielded by a granular flux, consisting of lime silica, manganese oxide, calcium fluoride and other Compound. The flux is fed into the weld zone by gravitational flow through a nozzle. The thick layer of flux completely covers the molten metal. 9 process uses a consumable Paper-1:: Objective + Production Engineering laa 1:3. 1) Although both MIG welding and submerged arc welding (SAW) are semi-automatic welding process, but MIG welding will be chosen as the more appropriate answer. (a) Solder is essentially a tin-lead (Sn- Pb) base alloy. Ele) Gas welding uses filler metal, while all others are resistance welding which do not require filler metal Ee In Aro welding, the arc length should be approximately equal to diameter of electrode rod. & The soldering iron is heated in a gas flame until the bit is the red hot. This type of soldering is called gas soldering iron which is usually cordless, Be Thermit welding is an exothermic welding process in which molten metal is poured for joining the metals. EG The soldering process is carried out in the temperature range 180 - 250°C. ma The electrical resistance welding, both heat and pressure are used to effect coalescence. The process employs currents of the order of few kA, voltages range from 2 to 12 volts and times vary from few ms to few seconds. Force is normally applied before, during and after the flow of current to avoid arcing between the surfaces and to forge the weld metal during post heating. The necessary pressure shall vary from 30 to 60 N/mm? (300 kgf/cm? to 600 kgf/cm?) depending upon material to be welded and other welding conditionsSSC-JE_+ Topicwis Thermit welding is a process in whic! heated molten metal and slag are produced from an exothermic chemical reaction between a metal oxide and a metallic reducing agent. The name thermit usually refers to a mechanical mixture of about one part (by weight) finely divided aluminium and three parts iron oxide (either F,0, or F,0,) plus possible alloy additions. 2A\ + Fe,O,> 2 Fe + Al,O, + Heat 2A\ + FeO,» 9 Fe + 4Al,0, + Heat @ Spot welding is most suitable for joining parts having thickness upto 10 mm. Higher thickness. ‘spot welded joints will not from a stable weld. h super Thermit welding differs from other methods of welding in that it employes exothermic chemical reaction for developing high temperature, Ew Brazing fluxes usually take the form of chemical compounds in which the most common ingredients are borates, fused borax, fluoroborates, fluorides, chlorides, acids, alkalies, wetting agents and water. The commonly used flux is borax. Gale If electric current is passed through the metals to be joined and heated to the plastic state and weld is completed by the application of pressure, the welding is known as resistance welding. Forge welding is a example of solid state welding, Acetylene (C,H,) gas is generally used in gas welding along with oxygen and it is known as oxy-acetylene welding, ¢ Previous Solved Papers Spot welding, projection welding ang welding belong to the category of gj resistance welding. me Inarc welding, temperature generated is oft order of 3500°C - 4000°C. Consumable electrodes are used in MIG a welding. Other options mentioned uses consumable electrodes. © Oxygen cylinder is painted with black colo while acetylene cylinder is pointed with maroor colour, in oxy-acetylence welding. id) Reaming is operation of sizing and finishing a) hole. @) A.universal dividing head is used to perform a milling operation by plain indexing. (d), In grinding operation, for grinding hardef material any grain size may be used, becaus harder material grinding requires softer wh and vice-versa. The bonding strength of gritsis of importance, not the size of grains. Grain size Plays role for accommodating chips. is When turning long shaft on a lathe, its bendi can be prevented by using steady rest. mi The operation of sharpening a grinding wheel 's called dressing. By dressing, grinding whi is sharpened so that dull grits are removed al new sharp grits emerges out.+ Production Engineering ‘Mechanical Engineering per-|: Objective 73. [eh For thread cutting, the spindle speed will be minimum, For driling operation, the cylindrical job should always be clamped on a V-block. @ Slotter, planer and shaper all require quick return mechanism, Broaching does not require quick return mechanism The spindle on which the milling cutter is mounted may be horizontal for slab milling or vertical for face and end miling. Hence, milling machine is classified as horizontal or vertical type, depending on the position of spindle. je Continuous chips are formed when machining ductile materials. ia)! Size of shaper is specified by length of stroke. When machining ductile materials, the chips produced are either continuous chips or continuous chips with built-up-edge (BUE), depending upon the cutting speed. 6) Cutting speed is the most significant process variable in tool life although depth of cut and feed rate are also important. vrrah=C The value of n = 0.15, x = 0.15, y= 0.6 found ‘experimentally indicates that cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are of decreasing importance The above equation can be rewritten as Deere or, T=C Vat Ina taper turning operation, D-d a tana. where a= Hall taper angle D= Maximum diameter of job d= Minimum diameter of job L= Job length = Taper angle, D 5) 2b Orthogonal cutting system is also called two- dimensional cutting system, while oblique cutting system is defined as three-dimensional cutting system. 2a = 2tan( io In a shaper, metal is removed during forward stroke only. Ea Quick return mechanism is incorporated in a shaping machine. Eaie For grinding, very large speed ranges are required. Ele Face of the cutting tool is prone to crater wear. Eis The size of a shaper is specified by maximum travel of cutting tool Ec Railway rails are generally made of alloy steel containing 0.8 to 0.9% carbon. fae : In case of slotting machine, which is vertical shaper machine, cutting action takes place in downward stroke. me In a drill operation, torque is less than the axial force, as axial force comprises of thrust component (P.)on the web which is greater than force required (P,) to twist the drill.Lathe bed is made of cast iron, as lathe bed carries all the parts and undergoes vibration, so cast iron which have good damping capability is used as lathe bed material ) While using high speed steel tools, the speed ‘of chuck will be lowest during machining aluminum. ~ le Cutting force will be minimum when depth of cut is minimum, so depth of cut is halved the feed per revolution. Eo Some important requisites of a cutting tool are (i) High toughness (ii) Hot hardness (iii) High wear resistance Hae The angle between the face and the flank of the single point cutting tool is known as lip angle. (b) Tool signature comprises of 7 elements. Eg. as per ASA, ~~ Yo- Yg~ Cg Cg F @) A half nut is a mechanism that locks the lathe carriage to the lead screw for thread cutting. Automobile gears are generally manufactured by gear hobbing, although extrusion and rolling are also used to produce gears In case of shaper, for finish machining the Practice is to use minimum feeds at high speeds. ae) Down milling provides the better surface finish inwhich direction of feed of workpiece and the cutter are same. SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers es ; Cemented carbides is the tool material whi has high heat and wear resistance, whj ceramics has high hardness. (b) ‘The binding material used in cemented tools ig Cobalt. Eg. (WC + Co) rae Taylors correlation between the cutting speed, (V) and the tool lfe(T) is given by Vr" = Constant a) mas angle is the angle on which the strength of the tool depends ry The relationship between tool life (7) and cutting speed (V) is expressed by Taylor's tool life equation: vr=C Ha Crater wear takes place ina single point cutti tool at the face of the tool. ia Closed die forging is the manufacturing process which requires the provision of ‘flash gutter’. (a) : Hot working of metal is carried out above the recrystallization temperature. q Ha The forging of the steel specimen is normally: done at a temperature of 110°C. At lower temp cracks may be formed and also large forging forces are required. HEX) In order to get the uniform thickness of the plate by rolling process, one provides camber on the roll. Cambering takes care of roll deflection, due to which non-uniform thickness is obtained.Mechanical Engineering a Pap Materials for wire drawing dies 1. Allow steels-suitable for medium die lite, good abrasion resistance. 2. Tungsten carbide die life 2 to 3 times that of alloy steel, for medium size wires and large production, excellent abrasion resistance. 3. Diamond for very fine wires with excellent surface finish. Tae With a compound die, several operations on the same strip may be performed in one stroke at ‘one station, eg blanking and piercing operation can be performed simultaneously. ol ‘Amoving mandrel is used in tube drawing, le! Full annealing is the process of heating of steel to about 50 to 75°C above the upper critical temperature for hypoeutectoid steels and above the lower critical temperature for hyper eutectoid steel, in order to reduce hardness and increase ductility Process annealing is the recrystallization of cold worked steel by heating below the lower critical temperature, with purpose to remove internal stresses and increasing machinability of steel In process annealing there is no grain growth Objective + Production Engineering Eda) Maximum clearance between bush and crank pin ] 0082 mn 16mm [ODT 0.035 mm Pin UL of bush — LL of crank pin = (16.017 - 1.938) mm = 0.079 mm Ee ‘According to Indian Standard Specifications, a plain carbon stee! designated by 40C8 means that the percentage of carbon is 0.96 to 0.45 and the percentage of manganese is 0.60 to 0.90, Itis used for crankshatfts, shafts, spindles, automobile axle beams, connecting rods, studs, bolts, lightly stressed gears, chain parts, umbrella ribs, washers, etc. * .~ CHAPTER Pn yore Ree cud 1. According to which law, all perfect gases change in volume by 1/273% of their original volume at 0° for every 1°C change in temperature when pressure remains constant? (a) Joule's law (b) Boyle's law (c) Gay-Lussac law (d)(@haHeSIAWD [SSC-JE : 2007] 2. The efficiency of a carnot engine depends on- (a) working substance (b) design of engine (0) type of fuel fired (0) GSiPEFATUESOISOUES BASIN [SSC-JE : 2007] 3. Stirling and Ericsson cycles are’ ()\EREEEED (b) ireversible (c) quasistatic cycles (A) semi-reversible cycles [SSC-E : 2007] 4. Zeroth law of thermodynamics defines: (a) internal energy (bb) enthalpy (QREABEFAHe = (Gd) pressure [SSC-JE : 2008] 5. The efficiency of Carnot cycle is maximum for. (@)Gasengine _(b) (REVERRIBIBTERGINE (c) Petrolengine (4) Steam engine [SSC-JE : 2010] 6. Which of the following is an irreversible cycle? (a) Carnot (b) Stirling (©) Ericson (2) None ofthe above [SSC-JE : 2010] 10. Th 12, The term NTP stands for (a) Nominal temperature and pressure (b) Natural temperature and pressure (c) NOttialtemperatUreyane! pressure (d) Normal thermodynamics practice [SSC-JE : 2010]. Mixture of ice and water form a (a) Closed system (b) Open system (c) Isolated system (clygdetonmpeneoussysie™ When neither mass nor energy is allowed to cross the boundary of a system, itis then called: (a) Open system (bo )(ISSITSSISYStE (c) Universe (a) Closed system [SSC-JE : 2012] | In case of Boyle's law, if pressure increases by, 1% the percentage decrease in volume is [SSC-JE: 2010] 1, 100 @ i* (6) 397% 1 (©) 799% (d) 0% [SSC-JE : 2012] 7 ‘The boiling and freezing points for water are. marked on a temperature scale Pas 130°? and | ~20°P respectively. What will be the reading on this scale corresponding to 60°C on Celsius scale? (a) 60°P (0) s0°P (b) 70°P (d) 110°P [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] ! ig is an extensive property? (b) pressure (o)@hithalpy [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Which of the followin (a) temperature (C) densityMechanical Engineering 13. 14. 15. 16. 47. 18. 19, 20, Pere uee a Properties of substances like pressure, temperature and density in thermodynamic coordinates are: (a) path functions TERE = (c) cyclic functions (4) real functions [SSC-JE : 2007] Work done in an adiabatic process between a given pair of end states depends on (a) the end states only (b) particular adiabatic process () the value of index n (d) the value of heat transferred [SSC-E : 2007) Which is true for reversible polytropic process? (a) Temperature remains constant (b) Entropy remains constant (c) Enthalpy remains constant (aSome heat ranstertakes place [SSC-JE : 2007] Change in enthalpy in a closed system is equal to heat transferred if the reversible process takes place at constant- (aypressure (b) temperature (©) volume (d) internal eneray [SSC-JE : 2007} Heat and work are : (2) Pointfunctions _(b) System properties (c)PEIHIONGHIONS) (4) Intensive properties [SSC-JE : 2010] ‘The work done in the expansion of a gas from, volume V, to V, under constant pressure p is equal to (a) Zero OD (C) PV, + VY) (d) p(Vy+ V4) [SSC-JE : 2010] Which of the following entities is not a thermodynamic property ? (@) Temperature (b) Specific volume (c)\ Gea (d) Pressure [SSC-VE : 2012] Of the following ‘path function’ quantity is : (@) Temperature (b)(§WEERIGORIE (©) Pressure (d) Enthalpy [SSC-VE : 2012] 22, 23, + Thermodynamics L19 During throttling, which thermodynamic property does not change? (a) Pressure cd In a throttling process, the following thermo dynamic property remains constant- (a)ERIREIBY (b) Entropy (c) Specific heat (d) Energy [SSC-JE : 2013] (b) Entropy (d) Internal energy [SSC-E : 2012] For a closed system, the difference between heat added to the system and work done by the system, is equal to change in- (a) entropy (b) temperature (cHitenaLSRERHD (4) erthapy [SSC-VE : 2014 (M)] 3. First Law of Thermodynamics 24, 25. 26. 27. For which of the following substances, the internal energy and enthalpy are the functions of temperature only? (a) Any gas (b) Saturated steam (c) Water (oViPereetaas) [SSC-JE : 2007] First law of thermodynamics furnishes the relationship between: (a) heat and work (b)FRBEEWGRRBRGIBOpErties of the system (c) various properties of the system (4) various thermodynamic processes [SSC-JE : 2009] Work done in a free expansion process is: (@) Positive (b) Negative (Eto) (a) Maximum [SSC-VE : 2010] The first law of thermodynamics is the law of (a) conservation of mass (b)ISORSEHALIOROFERIeray (c) conservation of momentum (d) conservation of heat [SSC-JE : 2010] First law of thermodynamics asserts that the following is a thermodynamic property (a) Entropy (6) Internal enero) (c) Temperature (d) Pressure [SSC-JE: 2011]SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solve jed Papers : 20 | 29. For a closed system, the difference between heat added to and work done by the system is (©) internal energy (d) flow work [SSC-VE : 2011] equal to (a) enthalpy (c) Gibbs function G©MBwnich aspect does not pertain to a free 31. 932. 33. 34, ‘expansion process ? (a) jains constant (c) No change in the temperature of the system (d) No gain or loss of heat [SSC-JE : 2012] ‘The internal energy of a perfect gas depends on: (a) Temperature, enthalpy and specific heats (b) Temperature, entropy and specific heats (6) Temperature only (d) Temperature, pressure and specific heats [SSC-JE : 2012] During an adiabatic process, the pressure Pof a fixed mass of an ideal gas changes by AP and its volume Vchanges by AV. The value of AV 77 is given by: AP Oe ee 1 AP AP (c) Pr OE [SSC-VE : 2012] 2 The expression [pdv gives the measure of work done during’ (a) steady flow reversible process (©) non-flow reversible process (c) open system and any process (d) any system and any process [SSC-JE : 2013] Which property is an intensive property of the system: (a) Speciicrentalpy (b) Volume (c) Kinetic energy (d) Entropy [SSC-VE : 2013] 35. 37. 38. 39. 40. One of the extensive properties of'a the dynamic system amongst the following is. (a) pressure (oyvelRIE) ‘ (c) temperature (d) density ‘ [SSC-E : 201 {ftwo liquids at different temperatures are mixed, then the final temperature of the mixture of liqu can be obtained by using- (a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics (b namics (c) Second law of thermodynamics () Third law of thermodynamics [SSC-VE : 2013] Heat supplied to a system equals the work done in case of non-flow process carried out- (a) isochorically __(b) isobarically (c)(@otnenmaliyg (4) adiabatically [SSC-J In an isothermal process, the internal energy : (a) always increases (b) always decreases (c) increases or decreases (c)emainsieonstart : 2013] : 2014 (E)] [SSC-JI An adiabatic process in a thermodynamic system is one in which there is? (a) a limited heat transfer to or from the system | through the boundary (b)(BGIRESTTFERSTERIO HIB the system through the boundary (c) no energy transfer to.or from the system through the boundary (d) no internal energy change in the system [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] - A gas ina container A is in thermal equilibrium with another gas of the same mass in container 8.If the corresponding pressures and volumes are denoted by suffixes A and B. Then which of the following statements is true? (2) Py # PosVq =Vq (b) Py = PoiVy # Vp ©) QUANG (a) = Fe ln Ve [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)])Mechanical Engineering (GEANBMM closed balloon containing 10 kg of helium 42. receives 5 kJ/kg of heat. During this process, the volume of the balloon slowly increases by 0.2 m? at constant pressure of 100 kPa. The change in internal energy, in kd, is: (a) 10 (b) 20 (©) 30 (d) 70 [SSC-JE: 2014 (E)] The process in which no heat enters or leaves the system is called as- (eNBERHGBIO——(b) isobaric (c) isochoric (d) isothermal [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] ‘Two gases Xand Yhaving the same temperature T. the same pressure Pand the same volume V are mixed. If the mixture has the volume Vand temperature T, then the pressure of the mixture will be- (a) 4P (b) PI2 (c)P (d) [SSC-VE : 2014 (M)] a The piston of a vertical piston-cylinder device containingsa gas has a mass of 60 kg and a ceca area 0.04 m2. The entire system is placedin a vacuum chamber. If temperature of the gas is 70°C. What is the pressure of gas. inside the cylinder? g = 9.8 m/s? A=0.08 a? (a) 0.7 bar (c) 0.3 bar (b) O bar (d) 0.147 bar [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] An isothermal process is one in which : (@) The pressure of the gas in the system is Proportional to the volume of the gas (b) The internal energy of the system under Consideration decreases during the change (c) The heat transfer of the system under Consideration is zero (4) THBNSMBEFEHUFEIO! the system under Consideration remains constant during the change [SSC-UE : 2014 (M)] Paper-t : Objective 46. 47. 49. 50. + Thermodynamics | 21 ‘As per first law of thermodynamics, when any system confined within a boundary is carried through series of operations such that the final state is same as the initial state then: (2) the net work transfer is equal or higher than the net heat transfer (6) the net work transfer is higher than the net heat transfer (c) themetworktransterisequal to the net heat trarisfer (d) the net work transfer is lower than the net heat transfer [SSC-JE : 2015] In an isothermal process, the heat transfer is- (=) ALONE WERE (b) less than of equal to the work transfer (c) less than the work transfer (d) more than the work transfer, [SSC-JE: 2015] The area below th p-V diagram of a non-flow process represents- ()qwonguansten —_(b) entropy transfer (0) heat transfer (d) mass transfer [SSC-JE : 2015] The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on- (@) The duration of the working of the engine (0) The nature of the working fiuid (c) THSHERBERAIURE!Iimits of working fluid (d) The capacity of the engine (SSC-UE : 2015} Enthalpy is calculated as the - (a) Sum of internal energy and the product of pressure and density of the system ((SURTSTINEMANERETGY and the product of pressure and volume of the system (©) Difference between the internal energy and the product of pressure and density of the system (d) Difference between internal energy and the product of pressure and volume of the system [SSC-JE : 2015]22 | ‘Open System Analysis by First Law 57. 51. 52, SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers ‘An open system is one in which: {a) Mass does not cross boundaries of the system, though energy may do so (b) Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system (c) Gatkienerayandimass cross the boundaries of the system (d) Mass crosses the boundary but not the energy [SSC-JE : 2010] Neglecting changes in potential and, kinetic energies, the(@AaitWetk during a steady flow process is given by- (>) (uao@ (a) Jodv (©) JT ds (d) fsaT [SSC-JE : 2013] Breau ed 53. 55. 56. Second law of thermodynamic defines: (a) entropy) (b) enthalpy (c) heat (d) work [SSC-JE : 2010] For a thermodynamic cycle to be irreversible, it is necessary that og Lzom (a) §2- =0 @ §2 20 [SSC-VE : 2011] () §2>0 The maximum efficiency that a heat engine, operating between 327°C and 27°C, can be: (b) P [SSC-VE : 2012] For an irreversibje thermodynamic cycle- (a) je >0 G22 @ J2 v= 4) Ee For an adiabatic process, PV! = constant On differentiating, we get (P-y-VO}dV + dP-V¥ =0 oP or, YP Ew In case of non-fiow reversible process, work done, 2 we Jrav In steady flow process (open system), work done, 2 we J-vae 1 @), Those properties which are independent of mass are known as intensive properties. + Specific enthalpy isan intensive property of the system, rest others are extensive properties. ne extensive property of 8 while temperature, intensive properties. Volume is t thermodynamic system, pressure and density are!28 | The conservation of energy concept of first law of thermodynamics is used to find the final temperature of the mixture of liquids, as heat gained by cold liquid will be equal to heat lost by hot liquid. Heat supplied to a system equals the work done in case of non-flow process carried out isothermally because for an isothermal process, temperature remains constant, so change in internal energy is zero (AU = 0). Ea In an isothermal process, temperature remains constant so change in internal energy is zero, Or one can say that the internal energy remains constant 5 An adiabatic process in a thermodynamic system is one in which there is no heat transfer to or from the system through the boundary. Gases in container A and B are in thermal equilibrium, which means both have same ED temperature (T, = PMA and PyVg= FI PMa= Poe Ome Head added, Q= Skdkg = 5x 10=50kJ Work done by gas % = fPav=Pyy,-v) = 100 x 0.2 =20kJ Using 1°" law of thermodynamics, Q= AU+ W 50 = AU+20 Change in internal energy, AU= 30kJ SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Ele The process in which no heat enters or jeg the system Is called adiabatic procg Isentropie process is reversible adiata process. : a Eas xy 4 PV,|P.V,| [FV TL t|Lt Initial Final m, =m, +m, Fv _ pv, pv ‘AT ~ OAT” AT P,=2P 4 The gas contained inside the oylinder support the weight of the piston. Force Mg Area A 60x9.81 * "0.04 14715 Nim? 0.14718 bar Pressure = u 4 Ec) Anisothermal process in which the temperatut of the system under consideration remains) Constant during the change. Cae From first aw of thermodynamics €Q = au+ aw When final and initial state are same, changes Property is zero, hence dU = 0. = dQ=aw or, Net heat transfer = Net work transfer For an isothermal equal to the work internal energy (a Process, i.e AU = mC, aT=0 Process, the heat transfer is. transfer, because change in U) is zero for an isothermal |Mechanical Engineering a ( Ts aK Vv Closed system work or non-flow process work = Area, when projected on the volume axis under the cure b aw= JPdv Work Area under the curve als The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends only on temperature limits. It is independent of working fluid. That is why, all reversible cycles working between same temperature limits have same efficiency. Enthalpy, H = U+ PV where, U = Internal energy, P = Pressure and V= Volume, te) An open system is one in which both energy and mass cross the boundaries of the system. Ea Shaft work during a steady flow process, We Jvdo ENG) Second law of thermodynamic defines entropy. It states that the state of entropy of the entire universe, as an isolated system, will always increase over time. The second law also states that the changes in entropy in the universe can never be negative, Objective + Thermodynamics Ew As per clausius in equality, 2 = 0, the cycle is reversible aq $F <0, the cycles irreversible and possible §2 > 0, the cycle is impossible EG 300k Em) From Clausius inequality, dQ $F =0, the cycle is reversible dQ $5 < 0. the cycles irreversible and possible da $F > 0, the cycle is impossible, since it violates the second law Op T=8C If heat rejected is 139 kW, then the engine is reversible.30 | SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers ‘Second Method: for reversible heat engine Oc W= Q5-Qy 100 = 500- Q, Qj, = 500 - 100 = 400 KW A heat engine is a device which converts part of heat into work and rejects remaining to the sink or surroundings. Heat engine operates on a thermodynamic cycle, = 400 kJ ‘Source TK is valid Source ETK. for all cycles. 95 = 1000 ks We 600 ks reversible processes only. a) Entropy change is given by AS = S-S h Vo 7 2)eRinf 2}. = cun( 2) -rn(t fj AS = 8-5, For an isobaric heating process, Py=P, So, using equation (2), we have 2 Ele) ‘ Heat transfer takes place from hot metal ball to direction, because heat always from high. temperature to low temperature, which is just by the increase of entropy principle i.e. Spy, 20 The second law states that any thermodynamic Process is accompanied by entropy general (Soon)Mechanical Engineering Characteristic equation of gas is given by ome Dryness fraction of steam Mass of dry steam ‘Mass of dry + Mass of water vapourinsuspension (a) Triple point of a pure substance is a point at which solid, liquid and vapour phase exist together. me For water, critical temperature (t,) = 374.15°C. Critical pressure (p,) = 221.2 bar Critical volume (V,) = 0.00317 me/kg ae Characteristic gas constant, R, ™ where A, is universal gas constant Mis molecular weight of gas Ry = SSM C0 = Rg = S84 Asa So for N, characteristic gas constant will be maximum, Molecular kinetic energy, 1 = KE = —mv2, pins = Paper-| : Objective +_Thermodynamics aw For specification of superheated vapour, one needs pressure as well as temperature. © When wet steam flows through a throttle valve, its temperature decreases and dryness improves, as depicted by T-s and h-s diagrams. ‘ah= enthalpy ‘of evaporation ah 5 The enthalpy of evaporation of water decreases with increase in pressure. As shown in T-s diagram, (p; > P, > p,) i.e. with increase in pressure, enthalpy of evaporation decreases. tb) Critical pressure of steam is 221 bar, sonearest answer is 225 bar. ©) Density of water is maximum at 4°C and it decreases when we heat or cool water moving away from 4°C.For an ideal gas, PV = AT i.e. the compressibility factor, Z = 1 [af AT. Ee 5 From T- s diagram, it is clear that at point between 1 and 2 represents wet steam. So heating wet steam at constant pressure is the ‘same as heating at constant pressure. Adiabatic index for monoatomic gases is highest, i.e. helium has highest adiabatic index (1.67). For a particular ideal gas, 280 kJkgk Adiabatic index, 375 > 1.375x0.280 1375-1 = 1.0267 kJ/kg SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Water has its maximum density of 1 gf With increase in pressure, the saturat temperature of the vapour increases, $s From T-s diagram, itis clear that Tey > Pressure increase leads to increase in saturat temperature. + Toa ) At triple point, three states of matter are in equilibrium e.g. the triple point of water is the State at which i. ice, liquid water and watel vapour coexist in equilibrium,Peru hunker Compression ratio for diesel engine may have arange of: (a) Bto 10 (b) GED (c) 10to 15 (d) None of these [SSC-JE ; 2008] The two stroke cycle engine has: (a) one suction valve and one exhaust valve operated by one cam (b) one suction valve and one exhaust valve operated by two cams (c)@AIVPOHS COVEY and uncovered by piston to effect charging and exhausting (d) None of the above [SSC-JE : 2008] For the same compression ratio: (a) QHOTSYCISISIMERTEYcient than the Diesel cycle (b) Diesel cycle is more efficient than the Otto cycle (c) both Otto and Diesel cycles are equally efficient (d) compression ratio has nothing to do with efficiency {SSC-E : 2009] Which of the following is not an internal combustion engine? (a) 2-stroke petrol engine (b) 4-stroke petrol engine (c) Diesel engine (9) Steam engine [SSC-JE : 2009] Compression ratio of IC engines is: fa) Rig" before Compression stroke an: ‘compression stroke (b) Volume displaced by piston per stroke and clearance volume in cylinder (c) Ratio of pressure after compression and before compression (d) Swept volume/ cylinder volume [SSC-JE : 2010] Number of working strokes per minute for a two stroke cycle engine as compared to speed to the engine in rpm, is, (a) half (b) double (game (d) four times [SSC-JE : 2011] ‘A compression ignition engine is a (a) Steam engine (b) ORG (c) Steamturbine — (d) Petrol Engine [SSC-VE : 2012] The petrol engine works on (a) Joule cycle —(b) Rankine cycle (c) Carnot cycle (CHOY [SSC-JE : 2012] Processes in thermodynamic cycles are: |. isentropic II. constant volume Il, constant pressure \v@eotneemied Which process (es) is/are not involved in an air standard dual combustion cycle? (a) and tll only (b) Lonly only (d) | and II only fe) [SSC-JE : 2012] ‘A Carnot engine uses nitrogen as the working fluid, The heat supplied is 53 kJ and adiabatic ‘expansion ratiois 16:1. The receiver temperature is 295 K. The heat rejected in kJ is: (a) 20.50 (b) 230 (c) 27.75 (d) 17.49 [SSC-JE : 2012]34 | 11. SSCJE + For the same maximum pressure and peak temperature, which cycle will be most efficient (afiiesED (b) Dual combustion (c) Otto (d) None of the above [SSC-E : 2013] GBD For a 4-stroke diese! engine, the compression 14. 15. 16. ratio is 21: 1 and the cut-off ratio is 2: 1. Whatis its expansion ratio? (a)7:1 (0) 12:1 (b) 10.5: 1 (d) 19:4 [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] For the same inlet condition and compression ratio, the efficiency of an Otto cycle is: (2) Gighenthanithatfentne(siese! cycle (b) Lower than that of the diesel cycle (c) Lower than or equal to that of the diesel cycle (d) Higher than or equal to that of the diesel cycle [SSC-JE : 2015] The mean effective pressure of an Otto cycle is the ratio between- (a) the net work produced and the crank case volume (b) the net work produced and the clearance volume (c)thienetworkproduded andiheswept volume (d) the net work produced and the cylinder volume [SSC-JE : 2015] - The Otto, cycle thermal efficiency with usual notations is given as, where ‘r' is compression ratio and 'y is the adiabatic index. ()EES;) wn (c)n= art (7) [SSC-JE : 2015] For the same @UIBUE)same speed and same Compression ratio the thermal efficiency of a two Stroke cycle petrol engine as compared to that for four petrol engine is- (a) Same as long as output is same (b) More (c) Same as long as compression ratio is same (tess [SSC-JE : 2015] Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 17. 19. 20. 21. 22, 23. POTTER ine Ina diesel engine, the fuel is ignited by: (a) Spark (b) Injected fuel (a °=°°0 air that supplied for combustion : (d) Ignitor 7 [SSC-E : 2019 Lean air fuel mixture is required for: (a) Idling (oyIGHUISifID (c) Acceleration —_(d) Starting [SSC-JE : 2013] Function of carburettor is to supply (a) ye (b) air and diesel mixture (c) only petrol (d) petrol and diesel mixture [SSC-JE : 2013] in diesel engine, the suction contains- (2) GD (b) fuel only (c) mixture of air and fuel (d) air or fuel The fluid drawn in during suction in petrol enging contains- (2) fuel only (b) fuel or air (©) air only (4) mixture of air and fuel [SSC-JE : 2013] ‘Spark ignition engine is- (a) (b) diesekengine (c) steam engine (d) C.. engine [SSC-E : 2013] The working fluid for a diesel engine during th Suction stroke is- 4 (2) fuel air mixture (>) Si (c) products of combustion (d) None of the above [SSC-JE : 201Mechanical Engineering Paper-1: Objective (@tiay Kreeking tendency in an Si engine reduces with 2. 26. 27. 28, 29, increasing- (a) Compression ratio (b) Wall temperature (c) Supercharging (0) GRSERSED [SSC-JE : 2013] In spark ignition (S!) engines, the possibilty of knocking can be reduced by : (a) increasing compression ratio ( ratio (0) increasing the coolant temperature (0) advancing the spark timing [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Higher compression ratio in diesel engine results in (2) lower temperature (b) lower pressure (c) same pressure (QHRIGHERBFESED re ISSC-VE : 2014 (E)] In diesel engines, the duration between the time of injection and ignition, is known as {a) pre-ignition period (o@EIYBERBG (c) ignition period (a) burning period [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The delay period in a petrol engines is of the order of: {a) 0.001 sec (b\GGBED (c) 0.01 sec (d) 0.05 sec [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The compression ratio for a practical diese! engine usually lies in the range (a) 5-7 (b) 7-9 (6) 10-15 (oz [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] 'Tina diesel engine petrol is used then the: engine will (a) run at low speed (b) explode (c) run at high speed (evn within ooking [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] +_Internal Combustion Engine 31, 32. 33. 34, 35, 37, The compression ratio for diese! ‘engine lie in: the range of: (a) 30 to 40 (b) 5to8 (SHSISZOND = (4) 306 [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] What amongst the following is not related to a Clengine? (a) Flywheel (b) Fuel pump (c) Fuel injector ( 9) Cartourettor [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] In LC, engine, removing the burnt gases from combustion chamber of engine cylinder, is known as : (a) polymerization ee (©) supercharging (4) detonation 3 (SSC-UE : 2014 (M)] In case of S.I. engine to have high thermal effiency the fuel air mixture ratio should be- (2) irrespective of mixture (l (c) chemically correct (d) rich [SSC-JE : 2015] The chemically correct stoichiometric ratio for petrol is- (a) 18:1 (©) 15:1 (b) 11:1 (SD [SSC-JE : 2015] For complete burning of 1 kg of carbon, the air required will be about- (a) 2.67 kg (\GHIERS (a) 145kg [SSC-JE : 2013] Cetane number of a fuel is a measure of its- (a) viscosity (b) volatility (c) (d) API specific gravity [SSC-JE : 2013}Topicwise Previous Solved Papers / F 36 | SSCJE_* 38. Octane number of iso-octane Is : (2) 50 (b) 70 (cyO (@) [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] 39. Which part of a petrol engine would need modifications if the engine is to be made to run on LPG? (a) Piston (b) Crank shaft (c) Valves (c)I@arBUFEttOr [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] 40. The commercially available petrol in India has an octance rating of- aIBSE0N (0) 2080 (c) 40-50 (d) 60-75 [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] 41, Which of the following fuel having maximum resistance to detonation? (a) mheptane (b) benzene (c) toluene (ayisereetaie [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Ignition, Engine Friction, Lubrication and Cooling 42, For diesel engine, the method of governing employed is: (a) Quality governing > (b) Quantity governing (c) Hit and miss governing (d) None of the above [SSC-VE : 2008] 43. Quality of ignition of petrol is measured by (@) (b) Calorific value (c) Specific fuel consumption (a) Cotane number [SSC-VE : 2011] 44. In diesel engine, the ignition takes place (a) Atomically due to high temperature of compressed fuel (b) Carburetor (C) ALGMICEITSURRONGAE mp crature of compressed air 4) By sparkplug (SSC-VE : 2012) GB Whatmaterialis used for the insulating body 46. 47. 48. 49. 50, 51. 52. Supercharging is the proce: fi (2) SOpBIVINERETAIBNESI aN onino with ara _(®) Providing forced cooling air a spark plug? ( (c) Glass (b) Dolomite (d) Silica [SSC-UE : 2019) Which element regulates the pressure strokes, inthe fuel injection pump of a diesel engine? (a) Control rack (b) Pump shaft (c) Liftofplunge [SSC-JE : 2013] What approximate percentage of heat of combustion is lost to the jacket cooling water. (a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 15% @ [SSC-JE : 2013] In internal combustion engine terminology, MPFI stands for- (a) Multi Pressure Fuel Injection (b) Multi Point Fired Ignition (c) (d) Multi Pressure Fired Ignition [SSC-vE : 2013] Self-ignition temperature of diesel as compared | to petrol. (@) is higher () tee (c) is same (d) varies considerably [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Using lubricants on engine parts is an example of reducing- (a) Motion (c) Acceleration (b) Force (4) (eto [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Which is not a part of Mmagneto-ignition system? (a) condenser (o} (C) induction coil (d) circuit breaks 4 [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] 5. Supercharging, Engine Testing CLIT ey @ density greater than the den: sity of the. | Surrounding atmosphere illMechanical Engineering 54. 55. 56. (c) injecting excess fuel for raising more load (d) supplying compressed air to remove combustion products fully [SSC-JE : 2007] Indicated power of a 4-stroke engine is equal to- (a) pLAN (b) 2pLAN. (GANZ (d) 4pLAN where, p=mean effective pressure, L = stroke, A= area of piston and N = r.p.m. of engine [SSC-JE : 2007] Morse test is used for multi-cylinder spark ignition engine to determine (a) Thermal efficiency (b)Mechanicaletficiency (c) Volumetric efficiency (d) Relative efficiency [SSC-JE : 2008} ‘The process of removing the burnt gases from the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder using fresh charge is called (a) Knocking (b) Supercharging (c) Detonation (d) SCAVERSIG ND [SSC-JE : 2011] Morse test is conducted on mult tofind the engine's (a) Indicated power (0) Stroke length (c) Emission performance (d) Compression ratio inder engine [SSC-JE : 2012] Paper-1: Objective +__Internal Combustion Engine 87, 58. 59. 60. 61. Morse test is conducted on: (2) vertical engines (b) horizontal engines (c) single cylinder engines (cyetteyingerencines [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] The process of supplying the intake air to the engine cylinder at a density more than the density of the surrounding atmosphere is known as: (a) scavenging _(b) detonation (c)(SUBSEREFEIRGEIN) polymerisation [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The silencer of an IC engine : (a) reduces noise (b) decreases brake specific fuel consumption (©) increases brake specific fuel consumption (d) has no effect on etficiency [SSC-JE: 2014 (E)] For a four-cylinder engine, the firing order for evenness of torque i (a) 1234 (c) 1-4-3-2 [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The indicator on an engine is used to determine- (@MIGIPLERGEBID (0) BHP (0) Speed (d) Temperature ISSC-VE : 2014 (M)] (b) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (b) b) 34, () 35. (b) (d) 42, (a) 43. (a) 44, (c) (b) 50, (a) 51, (b) 52. (a) (58. (c) 59. (a) 60. (d) (a) 30. (d) = 3t. (e) 82. (d) (c) 38 (4) 39. (d)— 40. (a) (a) 46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (c) () 54 (b) 85. (d) 56. (a) (a)(®) Compression ratio for diesel engine ranges from 16 to 20. es) The two stroke cycle engine has only ports covered and uncovered by piston to effect charging and exhausting, For the same compression Tatio, otto cycle is more efficient than the diesel cycle. Os ‘Steam engine is not an internal combustion engine, while 2-stroke petrol engine, 4-stroke Petrol engine and diesel engine are internal combustion engines, Ea) Compression ratio of IC engine is defined as the ratio of the maximum cylinder volume when the piston is at its outer most position (BDC) to the minimum cylinder volume (the clearance volume) with the piston at its innermost position (TDC), i.e. sum of sweptand clearance volumes divided by the clearance volume. a 3 Volume of air in cylinder OR = before compression stroke “ Volume of air in cylinder compression stroke Also, SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers tinue Go) A Number of working strokes per minute forays stroke cycle engine as compared to speed g the engine in rpm, is same, ic. For 1 cycle + 1 revolution is over For N cycle —» N revolution is over jb) ‘A.compression ignition engine is a diesel enging because in this combustion of air-fuel mixtug starts by compression effect. é Oi The petrol engine works on otto cycle, Bo’ P Heat supplied, Q, = 53 kJ Adiabatic expansion ratio, Mat6:1 Vs Receiver temperature, T, = 295KMechanical Engineering Paper-I: Objective + internal Combustion Engine For same maximum pressure, peak temperature and heat rejection, The efficiency of the otto cycle 1-3 2-43-54 is Qn Q, where Q, is the area under the curve 2—> 3, The efficiency of the diesel cycle 1-> 2+ 2’ + 3 4is Neto a QO Where Q: is the area under the curve 2’ — 3. From T-s diagram, Q’,> Qg therefore, the Diesel cycle efficiency is greater than the Otto cycle efficiency, Noiese! “ieset > Noval > Motto ) 0.67 Heat rejected, Qp = Q5x 0.33 = 53 x 0.33 = 17.49 kJ Pp Compression ratio, re2t z, 3 isonvosc reer Cut-off ratio, p = 2 Vs = 3=2 aA Ms MyM Expansiontatio= 77° = 7 XY, For the same inlet condition and compression ratio, the efficiency of an otto cycles higher than that of the diesel cycle.= otto cycle = diesel cycle me Mean effective pressure, Work Fee = where workis net work produced and V, is swept volume. ae MO, (Ts For the same input, same sj Compression ratio, the thermal wo stroke cycle petrol en, of four stroke cycle petrol engines losses are high, Peed and same efficiency of a gine is less than that engine. In two stroke SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers i) Ina diesel engine, the fuel is ignited by the resulting from compressing air that is supp for combustion. Diesel has low sel j temperature, hence it does not require ignition ie) Diferant Sond [ARR] 1.Cold staring 35 2.1aing conton sto 10 2. Acoeleration (Maximum fad)| 121013 4.Crising state 15510185 5 Lean mire tet So, lean air fuel mixture is required for cruisi i the required quantity and quality for efficie Operation of the engine under all conditions, @ Indiesel engine, the. Suction contains air only.| Suction stroke, the piston moves down from dead centre(TDC). As a result, inlet valve open and air is drawn into the cylinder. After some time when sufficient quantity of air is withdrawt inside the cylinder, suction valve gets closed al {he end of the stroke, The exhaust valve remain Closed during this stroke. Which is drawn into the cylinder through ink Manifold during suction stroke, Ee Spark ignition engine is petrol engine. In Sh engine, petrolis used which has high self ign ion temperature, so air-fuel mixture,Mechanical Engineering LP. 1D) The working fluid for a diesel engine during the suction stroke is fresh air. The air inhaled during suction stroke is compressed toa high pressure in the compression stroke. Baia Knocking tendency in an SI engine reduces with increasing engine speed, while increase in compression ratio, wall temperature and supercharging , all increases the knocking tendency. Ee In spark ignition (SI) engines, the possibility of knocking can be reduced by decreasing compression ratio. Paper-|: Objective ey Higher compression ratio in diesel engines results in higher pressure. @) In diesel engines, the duration between the time. of injection and ignition is known as delay period. The delay period in Cl engine exerts a very great influence on both engine design and performance. It is of extreme importance because of its effect on both the combustion rate and knocking and also its influence on engine starting ability and the presence of smoke in the exhaust. Ea The delay period in a petrol engine is of the order of 0.002 sec. (d) The compression ratio for a practical diesel engine usually lies in the range of 16-22. Ee Ifin a diesel engine petrol is used then the engine will run with high knocking. The self ignition temperature of petrol is much higher than diesel so delay period will be much higher in this case and hence more amount of fuel droplets will autogenic in the beginning. This produces severe knocking which may break the crank. Internal Combustion Engine The compression ratio for diesel engine is in the range of 15 to 20. Elia Carburettor is used in SI engine, it is not related to Cl engine. In IC engine, removing the burnt gases from combustion chamber of engine cylinder is known as scavenging, jb) In case of SI engine to have high thermal efficiency, the fuel air mixture should be lean. As the mixture is made lean (less fuel) the temperature rise due to combustion will be lowered as a result of reduced energy input per unit mass of mixture. This will result in lower specific heat. Further itwill lower the losses due to dissociation and variation in specific heat. Therefore, the efficiency is higher. Ee) The chemically correct stoichiometric ratio for petrol is 14.8: 1 Ee C+0,9CO, 12 32 44 12 gm of carbon will burn completely with 32 gm of oxygen 1kg of carbon requires = 4 kg of oxygen air contains 21% of oxygen by volume & 23% by weight. So, mass of air required _ 32 100 x = 2% pg 7 18k9 () Cetane number is a measure of the ignition quality of diesel fuel. Higher this number, the easier it is to start a standard diesel engine. It denotes the percentage (by volume) of cetane in a combustible mixture containing cetane and 1-methyle napthalene.a | ‘Octane number of iso-octane is 100. Ifthe petrol engine isto be: made to run on LPG, the carburettor would be replaced with @ rotameter (a metering device). fe In India, the commercially available petrol has an octane rating of 85 to 90. ime Is0-octane having 100 octane number has the maximum resistance to detonation. 9 For diesel engine, the method of governing employed is quality governing. Governing means the action of varying the fuel supply in accordance with the load demands so that the ‘engine runs at practically constant speed. Some important methods of governing of IC engines: 1. Hitand miss governing: This method is suitable for small gas engines. In this system of governing, whenever the engine starts running at higher speed (due to decreased load), some explosions are omitted or missed. This is done with the help of a centrifugal governor. 2. Qualitative governing: In this system of governing, a control valve is fitted in the fuel delivery pipe which controls the quantity of fuel to be mixed in the charge. The movement of control valve is regulated by the centrifugal governor through rack and pinion arrangement, 3. Quantitative governing: In this system of governing, the quality of charge (ie. air-fuel ratio of the mixture) is kept constant, but the quantity of mixture supplied to the engine cylinder is varied by means of a throttle valve which is regulated by the centrifugal governor through rack and pinion arrangement. Os Quality of ignition of petrol is measured by Octane number. Itis a standard measure of the Performance an engine or fuel. The more the Octane number, the more compression the fuel canithstand before detonating (igniting) SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previ ious Solved Papers compressed air. (a) The main part of the insulator of a spark piygy flashover protection. (d) om Needle valve regulates the pressure strokes ig the fuel injection pump of a diesel engine, needle valve will open when the fuel press acting on the needle valve's tapered face exer a sufficient force to overcome the sprin compression. The fuel then flows into lower chamber and is forced out through a series 0 tinyholes. The small holes are sized and arrany to.atomise, or break into tiny drops, all of the fuel supply, the needle valve will shut quicl under the spring compression force. mm Internal combustion engines at best cal transform about 25 to 35 percent of the chemical energy in the fuel into mechanical energy. About 30 to 35 percent of the total heat supplied by the fuel is removed by the cooling medium. H: carried away by lubricating oil and heat lost bj radiation amounts to 5 percent of the total heal Supplied. Nearest answer to this question is 25% q Gl In internal combustion engine terminology, MP. Stands for multi point fuel injection. 4Mechanical Engineering Paper-1: Objective ED Lubricants are used on engine parts to reduce {riction. Magnetois a special type of ignition system with its own electric generator to provide the necessary energy for the system. Itis mounted onthe engine and replaces all the components of spark plug. A magneto when rotated by the engine is capable of producing a very high voltage and does not need a battery as a source of external energy. So, battery is not a part of magneto-ignition system. Em) ‘Super charging is the process of supplying the intake of an engine with air at a density greater than the density of the surrounding atmosphere. Ele For a four stroke engine, 1 cycle = 2 rotation is over = volume of air (V,) Ye ". Average volume of air for one rotation is 3 Y, For Notation, volume of air = “5x N Indicated power = Mean effective pressure x ‘Stroke volume ignition to determine indicated power and frictional power, thus helps in calculating mechanical efficiency. +_ Internal Combustion Engine Ee The process of removing the burnt gases from the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder Using fresh charge is called scavenging Ema Morse testis conducted on mul-cylinder engine to find the engine's indicated power. [43 Morse test is conducted in multi-cylinder engines, (6) Supercharging is the process of supplying the intake air in the engine cylinder at a density more than the density of the surrounding atmosphere. Itis of vital importance in areas 1, Marine and automotive engines where weight and space are important. 2. Engines working at high altitudes. The power loss due to altitude can be compensated by supercharging, Emi The silencer of an IC engine has only two functions 1. To reduce the noise emitted. 2. To reduce and refine harmful gas emission. Gai For a four-cylinder engine, the firing order for evenness of torque is 1-3-4-2. Gaici The indicator diagram on an engine is used to determine indicated power.Pisces ees Ry = CHAPTER Thermal plant works on : (a)Carnot cycle —_(b) Joule cycle (c) @@nkineleyele © (d) All the above [SSC-JE : 2009] The recommended cycle for a steam power plant is (b) @ankinereyele (@) Brayton cycle (d) Otto cycle (c) Camot cycle [SSC-JE : 2011] For the same maximum temperature in the cycle, the average temperature of heat addition of a Rankine cycle compared to that of Carnot cycle is- (a) Same (c) higher (b) not related => [SSC-JE : 2015] The difference between the temperature of the superheated steam and the liquid vapour saturation temperature at the corresponding pressure is known as- (a) the extent of superheat (b) the limit of superheat (c) the approach of superheat (SSMRSESESOTSUBSrh eat ISSC-UE : 2015] ee is added to a Rankine Cycle, then (a) the net work and efficiency decreases (b) the net work increases and remains same 4 (c) ses (2) the net work remains same and etfs increases Stficiency (SSC-JE: 2015) 10, 2. Boilers Locomotive type of boiler is: (a) horizontal mult-tubular water tube bo} (b) water wall enclosed furnace type (c) vertical tubular fire tube type (-) mammal *° De yee [SSC-JE Lancashire Boiler is a: (a) Water tube boiler (b)IFiEHUBEIBCIETID (c) Locomotive boiler (d) High pressure boiler [SSC-JE: Water tube boilers are those in which: (d) there is change in enthalpy [SSC-JE Cochran boiler is a : (2) Horizontal fire-tube boiler (b) Horizontal water-tube boiler (c) Vertical water-tube boiler (d) Vertical fire-tube boiler [SSC-JE : 2010]} Function of blow-down cock of a boiler is (2) to maintain water level by draining excess water (6) to empty the water (e) t in drum drum of the boiler sediments collectéPower Plant Engineering Mechanical Engineering Paper-1 : Objective 41. Lancashire boiler is a 18. (a) vertical fire tube boiler (>) (EERE (c) vertical water tube boiler (a) horizontal water tube boiler [SSC-UE : 2011] 42, The steam in boiler drum is always 19. {a) saturated (b) dry (c) superheated (d [SSC-VE : 2011] 13. Fusible plug for a steam boiler is an alloy consisting of bismuth, lead and: 20. Si (©) Copper (6) Aluminium (d) Zine [SSC-JE : 2012] 14. Therratioof air required for complete combustion of carbon to carbon dioxide and that to carbon 21. monoxide is: (a) 05 (2D (c) 4.0 (d) 1 [SSC-VE : 2012] 15. _Inawater-tube boiler, the flue gas flows through ue the following accessories 4. Superheater 2. ID Fan 3. Airheater 4, Economizer Which of the following gives the correct sequence of the flue gas through these accessories? @ (a) 1,2,3,4 (b) 3,1,4,2 (ommaysi2 (d) 1,3,2,4 [SSC-JE : 2012] 16. Safety valve used with locomotive boilers is operated by: ( (b) Dead weight (6) High steam and low water a (d) Lever [SSC-VE : 2012] 17. Behaviour of which of the following steam Qualities is closest to that of a gas? (a) Dry (b) Wet or Dry (c\SUBEMEEIED =— (d) Wet [SSC-JE : 2012] In a boiler, the feed check valve is used to- {2} contel ne feed ater ow rao (b) check the water level in drum (c) ensure unidirectional feed flow to drum (d) check quality of feed water {SSC-JE : 2013] Maximum steam pressure (in bar) in a locomotive boiler is limited to- (a) 5 (b) 10 (0) 18 OD [SSC-JE : 2013] What salts of calcium and magnesium cause temporary hardness of boiler feed water? (a) Chlorides (b) Bieatbonales (c) Nitrates (d) Sulphites [SSC-E : 2014 (E)] Which of the following is a boiler mounting? (aXSRYNENG © (b) Economizer (c) Superheater —(d) Feed pump [SSC-UE : 2014 (E)] A device used to increase the temperature of saturated steam without raising its pressure is called : (a) fusible plug (c) economiser (b) blow off cock ()\CUpEHCaED [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] ‘The equivalent evaporation (kg/hr) of a boiler producing 2000 kg/nr. of steam with enthalpy content of 2426 kJ/kg from feed water at temp. 40°C (liquid enthalpy=168 kuikg; enthalpy of vaporization of water at 100°C=2258 ku/kg) is- (a) 1649 ~ (b) 2000 (c) 2149 (d) 1682 [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Which one of the following safety device is used to protect the boiler when the water level falls, below a minimum level. (a) Safety valve (b) Water level indicator (c) CUBIS (d) Blow off cock (SSC-JE : 2014 (M)]| SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers * ding of steam turbine is done} 31. Compoun 25, The Babcock and wilcox boiler is considered foodence hear b) reduce the blade friction pe convection fire tube boiler i? peed (b) forced convection water a boler ) conne cot the shaft of one turbine to thy forced convection fre tube another ‘ a bis ibe boiler [SSC-vE: [SSC-VE : 2018] ; 8 42, Which of the following does not relate to slg 26. Boiler accessories are used to ensure: engine? qyieppromsctpertomense (a) Crankshaft (b) a head | d) Steam separato on amma © Sean em (a) easy maintenance ' : 4 [SSC-JE: 2015] 33, If V;be the inlet absolute velocity to blades be the tangential blade velocity and ot be a re ema nozzle angle, then for the maximum blag Oe ee efficiency for single-stage impulse turbine (0) \, (c) Two drums-one for water and another for (@) B= cosa steam i (d) An horizontal steam drum () Ye =cos?a [SSC-JE : 2015] v SSC-JE : 2014( Exstrees [ss 2orag 34, Maximum diagram efficiency for Parso _ 28, Curtis turbine is an example of (a) turbine (b) presence compounded impulse steam turbine (©) presence-velocity compounded impulse ‘steam turbine (d) reaction steam turbine [SSC-VE: 2011] 29. Critical pressure is the pressure of steam at (a) throat of steam nozzle (b) Exitof steam nozzle (©) Either at inlet or at outlet of steam nozzle (d) Inlet of steam nozzle [SSC-JE : 2012] 30. _ Inimpulse turbine, pressure on the moving blades- (a) increases (b) decreases (¢) remains same T decrease or remain constant [SSC-JE : 2013) the two sides of 36. reaction turbine is given by SED, costa (1+ 0087) ) ir 2c0sa) cos? 2cos? a © G2co% ©) Grzcosa) [SSC-JE : 2014 (6) |n areaction turbine, the heat drop in fixed blad is 8 kJ/kg and total heat drop per stage fs 20 kJ/kg, The degree of reaction is : ” (a) 40% (b) 60% (c) 66.7% (d) 80%. [SSC-JE : 2014 (E) When Steam flows over moving blades of afl impulse turbine- (@) both pressure and velocity decreases (©) pressure drops and velocity increases. ( ‘i (c) it and velocity decreases, (d) both Pressure and velocity remains cons [SSC-JE : 2014 (MMechanical Engineering 37. 38. 39. Maximum efficiency for a single stage pure impulse blading (symmetric) with nozzle angle ‘ot is- e s*($) ad (b) cos ce Co () cos(%) ISSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Reheat factor for a multi-stage steam turbine is the ratio of- (a) inlet temperature to the exit temperature (bycumulative enthalpy drop to the total isentropic enthalpy (c) total isentropic enthalpy drop to the total (d) total isentropic enthalpy drop to the exit temperature [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] The term bleeding in a steam turbine refer to- (a) removal of west steam in the low pressure stages of turbine (b) leakage of steam () ing feed water (d) steam doing no useful work [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] The degree of reaction of a steam turbine is the ratio between the enthalpy drops in- (a) inthe nozzle and that in the stage (b) in the stage (c) moving blades and that in the nozzle (d) in the nozzle and that in the moving blades [SSC-JE : 2015] CCE etd a1. 42. Anozzle is sai hen (a) nd exit pressure is critical pressure. (b) It discharges flow into the atmosphere (c) It gets plugged (d) Flow-through it becomes zero and exit Pressure is zero [SSC-JE : 2012] Brayton cycle is a reversed- (a) Carnot cycle (ib) Rankine cycle (cygeuieteyele §—(d) Dual cycle [SSC-VE : 2013] Objective 43. \ a7 For maximum work output in a two stage. expansion gas turbine with perfect gas intercooling, the intermediate pressure (P) has the following relationship with maximum pressure (P,) and minimum pressure (Pz) of the cycle- Power Plant Engineering © eae [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] ony 5. Reciprocating Air Compressors 44, For air compressor, least work input will be needed if the compressor is: (a) Hyperbolic (b) Isentropic (c) Polytropic (d)iSethieimie! [SSC-JE : 2015] Cire cen 45, For a centrifugal blower, power consumption is proportional to- ces (b) (c) square of rp.m (d) square root of r.p.m. [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Rotary compressor is best suited for (a) small quantity at high pressure air (b) large quantity at high pressure air (c) (d) small quantity at low pressure air [SSC-UE : 2015] Made re 47. 48. The isentropic expansion of initially superheated steam through the nozzle may approximately be given by the equation (a) PV'2= const. (b) PV" = const (CNIRINICONED (2) PV = const [SSC-JI +2012] Flow through a supersonic nozzle is an example of: (a)\(OBEAISYSETEM() Isolated System (c) Insulated System (d) Closed System [SSC-UE : 2012)Solved Papers : maximum discharge, ratio of the pe inlet of the nozzle (P, SSC-JE * Topicwise Previous it pressureis 81. FOr zal, I he ont at the exit and at sure, the mass rate of flow equal to- (a) 2r(n+ ™” ©) Blears fe 2tine afm (a) (2/(n+ 9rd [SSC-JE : 2014 43_| 49, Fora convergent no fess than critical ress will be- (a) increasing (c) zero (ofleonstant [SSC-vE: 2013] (b) decreasing le to convert subsonic flow into a ‘Steam Nozzle converts 50, For a nozzl supersonic flow, it must be- 52 tse (a) convergent type (a) jinetic energy (b) divergent type (b) Heat energy to Potential energy (©) convergent divergent typ (c) Kinetic energy to Heat eneray (d) Potential energy to Heat eneray (d) of uniform cross-sectional area [SSC-JE : [SSC-JE : 2013] )Power Plant Engineering © 2 ® 3 @ 44 @ 5 9 (@) 10 (@ 1. ) 12.) 18 17. (©) 18 (a) «19. (@) 20. tb) 21.) 25, (d) 26. (a) 27. (bd) «28 (a). (6) BO (0) 33. (0) 34. (a) 35. (b) «36. (0) 87. (c)-— 8B. (b) 89. (0) 404 41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44, (d) 45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. 49. (d) 50. (c) $1. (b) 52. (a) Ena From this T-S diagram, 1-2-3'-4’-1 represe Carnot cycle. feeienl represents Rankine cycle. 30, mean (average) temperature of heat addi of ehaniie cycle is lower than that of eae cycle, when both cycle have same maximull is Rankine cycle. emecner at ane 1 Thermal plant works on Rankine cycle, ie. steam turbine power plant. However if gas turbine power plantis used, it works on Brayton’s cycle.Mechanical Engineering ‘As shown in the T-S diagram, the difference between the temperature of the superheated steam and the liquid vapour saturation temperature (T, - T,) at the corresponding pressure is known as the degree of superheat 24 $ Reheating increases the dryness fraction at the later stages of turbine expansion, and results in increase in net work and efficiency. Locomotive type of boiler is a horizontal multi- tubular fire tube type boiler, 7 © Lancashire Boiler is a fire tube boiler. ‘Awater tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by the fire. Fuel is burned inside the furnace, Creating hot gas which heats water in the steam- generating tubes. The heated water then rises into the steam drum. Cohan boiler is a multi-tubular vertical, fire tube boiler having a number of horizontal fire tubes. | short, itis a vertical boiler with horizontal fire tubes. ‘The function of blow down cock in a boiler is to Femove sludge and sediments collected ina drum. Lancashire Boiler is a stationary, fire tube, red, horizontal and natural circulation Paper-I: Objective + Power Plant Engineering @ The steam in boiler drumis always wet or dry. It is not 100% saturated. ‘dry, it contains some water vapour, for which it is passed through superheater to get it superheated. Fusible plug for a steam boiler is an alloy consisting of bismuth, lead and tin. C+0, > CO, 12:32 44 C+0 C0 1216 28 Ratio of air required for CO, formation to that for {As in air oxygen is 21% by volume] In awater-tube boiler, the flue gas flows through the accessories in following sequence: Superheat > Economizer + Air preheater — ID fan. Ta Safety valve used with locomotive boilers is operated by spring. Behaviour of superheated steam is closest to that of gas. ae Feed check value is used to control the supply of feed water to the boiler and to prevent the escaping of water from the boiler when the pump pressure is less or pump is stopped. oa a), Maximum steam pressure in a locomotive boiler is limited to 25 bar,SSC-JE + Topicwi Ew Temporary hardness of boiler feed water is caused by presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals (calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate). Unlike permanent hardness caused by sulphate and chloride compounds, this temporary hardness can be reduced either by boiling the water or by addition of lime (calcium hydroxide) through the process of lime ~ softening a The equipment used for safe working of the boilers are known as mountings. Following is the list of mountings which are normally used on the boiler (a) For control of water and steam 1, Feed check valve 2, Steam stop valve (b) For safety of boiler 1. Pressure gauge 2. Water level indicator 3. Safety valve 4, Fusible plug (0) For cleaning and maintenance purposes 1, Man hole Boiler accessories are provided to improve the efficiency of the plant. The commonly used accessories are 4. Superheater 2. Economiser 3. Air preheater 4 5 . Feed pump Steam separator Ea A device used to increase the temperature of saturated steam without raisin, 9 its press, called superheater. Presoure [s. se Previous Solved Papers E Em : Equivalent evaporation may be defined a amount of water evaporated from water at 10 to dry and saturated steam at 100°C. ma(h=h,) Equivalent evaporation (m,) = met) Yo where h = enthalpy of steam per kg Ung generating condition, ’ ry, = Specific enthalpy of steam ala givenfeg temperature. fy = Enthalpy of evaporation is of wate 100°C. 2000(2426 - 168) ~~ 23268 = 2000 kg/hr a Fusible plug is made up of low melting po (gun metal) to avoid rupture of boiler due to; heating of water in boiler drum when the wale level falls below a minimum level. Ema The Babcock and Wilcox boiler is consid as a natural convection water tube boileniif which the circulation is obtained due diffe in density values. Ee) Boilers accessories are the parts which af added either inside or outside the boiler in ord to improve the performance of the boiler. Benson boiler is a hi boiler drum. Cc ; a turbine is an example of veloci pounded impulse steam turbine, q Ee igh pressure boiler with ndMechanical Engineering Inimpulse turbine, pressure on the two sides of the moving blades remains same, and is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Compounding of steam turbine is done to reduce the rotor speed to practical limit. ma Steam chest is used to house ESVs and GVs. The steam leaving the superheater goes through ESVs and associated governing valves (GVs) before entering the high pressure turbine. So, steam chest is not related to steam engine, instead to steam turbines. oe For maximum efficiency of single-stage impulse turbine, the flow ratio Tangentialblade velocity Inlet absolute velocity of steam jet Vp _ cosa Yo 2 Vy _ cosa Y 2 EG) Maximum diagram efficiency of Parson's reaction turbine (50% reaction turbine) is tng. = eet (Melmax = (14 cos?a) Ee) Degree of reaction, __ Heat drop inmoving blade ~ “Totalheat dropper stage When steam flows over moving blade of an impulse turbine, pressure remains constant and velocity decreases. Paper-t: Objective + Power Plant Engineering For a single stage pure impulse blading (symmetric) with nozzle angle a, maximum efficiency, (Ny)max = COS*C cos? a cose (nae = 3 (1+ See) For frictionless blades, K = 1 and for symmetric blades, = (Mplnae = C08%0: Reheat factor Cumulative isentropicheat drop Totalisentropicheat drop Itis a term used to give an indication about the extent of irreversibility. Ec) The term bleeding in a steam turbine refers to steam extracted for preheating feed water. ib) Degree of reaction of a steam turbine, _ Enthalpy drop in moving blade ~~ Enthalpy drop in the stage Ole Annozzle’is said to be choked when flow through it is maximum and exit pressure is critical pressure. Brayton cycle is a reversed Joule cycle. (by, For maximum work output in a two state expansion gas turbine with perfect intercooling, the intermediate pressure, P,= JP,-P, PFor air compressor, least work input will be needed if the compression process is isothermal, Ga For a centrifugal blower, Power consumption is proportional to cubic Power of speed (rpm) ie. Pans Rotary compressor is best suited for large quantity at low pressure air. a7. 1 For saturated steam, n= 1.135 For wet steam, n= 1.035 + 0.1 For superheated steam, n=13 So, the isentropic expansion of initially Superheated steam through the nozzle is given by PV'S = constant rn Flow through a supersonic: of open system, however tl also, Nozzle is an example he nozzle is insulated SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 1 Choking limit will be constant, and this condition is choking of nozzle. For a nozzle to convert subsonic flow into supersonic flow, it must be convergent diverg ‘ype. In both convergent and divergent of the nozzle, the flow velocity will keep increasing from subsonic to supersonic. i iG For maximum discharge, (3)- Gai" A steam nozzle is Passage through converted into kineti defined as a device 0 which heat energy | ic energy,The strain energy stored in a body due to external loading, within the elastic limit, is known as (a) Malleability (b) Ductility (6) Toughness _(c)RESTEHESND [SSC-JE : 2007] Proof resilience in a member is stored strain energy: (a) per unit volume (bli WAGIEVOIUMED (©)per unit area (d) per unit length [SSC-VE : 2008} Resilience of a material is considered when itis subjected to: (a) Frequent heat treatment (b) Fatigue (c) Creep « [SSC-JE : 2010} The ability of a tool material to resist shock or impact forces is known as (a) wear resistance (b)(RGUGHRESSIID (0) ted hardness (d) machinability [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] ree PE che 5. Which of the following is a dimensionless quantity? {a) Shear stress (b) Bulk modulus (ciROSORSIale © (d) Shear modulus [SSC-VE : 2007] Percentage elongation during tensile test is indicative of (a) creep (b) malleability C=: (d) elasticity in the metal [SSC-NE : 2007] On the application of a given load, the length of awireis stated to increase by 1 mm. Ifthe same force is now applied to a wire of same material but of the length and radius twice the first, the extension produced would be (a) 0.25 mm (b) 0.5mm (c) 20mm (d) 4.0mm [SSC-JE : 2007] Consider a bar of length / and tapering uniformly from diameter d, to d, and subjected to axial load W. The extension of the bar will be (SRE — (b) 4 werina,d, (c) nWEI4d,d, (a) nd, d,E [SSC-VE : 2007] Poisson's ratio is used in: (a) one-dimensional body (b) two dimensional body (c) three dimensional body (0 /SGTRIWOTRGAESTimensiopal body [SSC-JE : 2008] GOPWhich is the correct expression? =2C(1-2 =3c(1-—L (a) €=20(1 x) (b) e=ao(t x) 1 1 () E=s0(2-2) (E 891-35) [SSC-VE : 2008] Hooke’s law holds good upto (a) yield point (6) limit of proportionality (c) breaking point (d) elastic limit [SSC-JE : 2009]e percentage reduction in area in case of cast n when itis subjected to tensile test is of the (b) 10% (d) 25% [SSC-JE : 2009] 43. When a wire is stretched to double in length, the longitudinal strain produced in itis: (a) 05 —_ (0) 1.5 (d) 2.0 [SSC-UE : 2010] 14, _ If equal and opposite forces applied to a body tend to elongate it, the stress so produced is called: (a) Internal resistance (b) Tensile stress (©) Transverse stress (4) Compressive stress [SSC-JE : 2010] GD The strain energy stored in a body due to direct stress ‘f" is: 2 (b) Exvol (AAV () Zeal [SSC-JE : 2010] f (a) 3eXv0! 16. Modulus of rigidity is the ratio of: (a) Axial stress to lateral strain (b) Linear stress to longitudinal strain (c) SHBSRSHESSTO SABA Strain (d) Hydrostatic stress to volumetric strain [SSC-JE : 2010} 17. The elastic constants E, Gand Kare related by the expression: (a) E=GK/K+G = (b) E= GK/2K+G (0) E=8GKiK + 2G (d)(ESSGKEREC [SSC-JE ; 2010} 18. Acylindrical rod of length ‘/' and diameter ‘a’ is ‘igidly fixed at its upper end and hangs: vertically. ‘The elongation produced in rod due to its self weight ‘W' is wi a 2AE a [SSC-JE : 2010) SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 19. 20. 21. 22. 23, 24, True stress represents the ratio. (a) Average load and average ares (b) Average load and maximum area. (c) Maximum load and maximum area (6) gstamaneousseediend he instar [SSC-JE : 294 Which material has the highest value of Poj ratio? (@fIRUBES (c) Stee! (b) Copper (a) Concrete The deformation per unit length in the direct of the force is known as (a) linear stress (b) shear stress (CMin@aRStainp (0) lateral strain [SSC-JE : 20; In a tensile test of a/specimen, the ratio maximum load to the original cross-sect area of the test piece is called: (a) Ultimate stress — (b) Sea stress (0) Breaking stress (2) Yield stress A steel bar is fixed at both ends. If the bar heated, it will develo; (a) Compressive stress _ (b) Tensile stress (c) Bending stress (d) None of the above [SSC-JE: 2018 [SSC-JE : 2019] Stress due to change in temperature developed in a bar depends upon ql (a) (b) thermal ‘conductivity (c) density (4) Poisson's ratio ‘pansion [SSC-JE : 201Mechanical Engineering (@qp Fora material wih Poisson's ratio 0.25, tne ratio of 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. ‘modulus of rigidity to modulus of elasticity will be: (a) 04 ()20 (b) 1.2 (a) 36 [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] If equal and opposite forces applied to a body tend to elongate it, then the stress produced is: (a) (b) bending stress (c) compressive stress (d) shear stress [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] Poisson's ratio is defined as the ratio of- (a) Shear stress to shear strain (b) Longitudinal strain to lateral strain (6) Lateral stain tofongtuna sin (d) Axial stress to axial strain {SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] The diameter of core of a circular section is given as nia da a (b) —~ [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] () g Ina composite bar the resultant strain produced will be- (a) same as the strain produced in each bar (b) sum of the strain produced by the individual bars (c) same as the stress produced in each bar (d) difference of strain produced by the individual bars [SSC-JE : 2015] thahomogenous, isotropic elastic material, the modulus of elasticity ‘E" in terms of 'G’ and 'K’ is equal to (a) 9KG b) 6KG 3G+K () sa4+K ak+a [SSC-JE : 2015] Paper-1: Objective + Strength of Materials [ss 32. Volumetric strain of a rectangular body ‘subjected to an axial force, in terms of linear strain @ and Poission’s ratio p, is equal to- (a) (1 +m) I (c) e(1~ 3p) (0) @ [SSC-VE : 2015] ER ree ean beens 33. The bending moment diagram for a simply supported beam with a load at the mid-span is. a (a) parabola (©) rectangle (b) hyperbola cue: 2007 34. Atthe point of contraflexure: (a) shear force changes its behaviour (b) bending moment changes its behaviour (c) shear force is maximum (d) shear force is minimum [SSC-VE : 2008] 35. For simply supported beam having load at the centre the bending moment will be : 2) QHERUIERIEETBp rt (b) minimum at the centre (c) maximum at the support (d) None of the above [SSC-JE : 2009] 36. The shear force at certain section of a beam is stated to be zero. The bending moment at that ‘section will be: (a) Minimum (b) Maximum (CER (6) Zero [SSC-JE : 2010] 37. The strain energy stored in a cantilever beam loaded as shown, will be p A 8 7 pa pa TE ©) Ser pi 2 (©) SEF oe [SSC-JE : 2012]an. 56 38. A simply supported bes | SSCJE_* Jam carries @ uniformly per unitlangth over the stributed load of wkat cial force at the centre is: whole span (2). The shear 2 wl ot () wl (c) zero @ > [SSC-VE : 2012] In case of cantilever, irrespective of the type of loading, the maximum bending moment and maximum shear force occur at- (a) (0) free end (0) middle (d) any point [SSC-VE : 2013] The bending moment on a section is maximum where shearing force is- (a) Minimum (b) Maximum (zee (d) Changing sign [SSC-JE : 2013] 1. oS 4 ZN Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are bending moment distributions of a simply supported beam for some particular shear stress distribution. Which figure is the correct bending moment diagram corresponding to the shear stress distribution given below- “ c {a) 1 is correct bending mom i ent distributi (b) 2s correct bending moment siibuton © oe correct bending moment distribution ) 4is correct bending moment distribution [SSC-VE : 2013] Topicwise Previous Solve’ 42. 43. 44. 46. 47. d Papers ‘Abeam is fixed at one end and free at tend, A load acts in the centre. The bending moment will occur at- (a) between centre and fixed end (b) under the load (c) (d) free end [SSC-VE : 2014( Bending moment at the supports in simply supported beam is: (a) >1 => ()1 (d) <4 [SSC-VE : 2014 (y A simply supported beam of 1 m lengthy subjected to a distributed load of 0.4 Nim. Th maximum bending moment occurring in th beam is (a) 1.0N-m (b) 0.1 N-m (c) 0,05 N-m (d) 0.025 N-m [SSC-JE : 2014 Incase of a circular section the section moduld is given as- nd? @ AR a nd? nd? O'e Oe [SSC-JE : 201 The point of contra-flexure occurs only in- (a) Continuous beams (b{'SiMBIISUB ported beams (C)OVETHAAGING beams (d) Cantilever beams The polar section modulus of a solid circula Shaft of diameter ‘cd’ about an axis through its centre of gravity is: ‘ Eo (@) 5 © (©) Be @) &Mechanical Engineering 48. Ratioof moment of intertia of a circle and that of assquare having same area about their centroidal ax 3 oC os w+ @ [SSC-JE : 2013) 49. Assertion (A) : The preferred cross-section of a beam subjected to transverse loading is 1 section, Reason (R) : Section modulus of / section is low. (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation of A is false (@) Ri is false ISSC-VE : 2013] 50. Which cross-section of a cantilever beam which is loaded with UDL can give economical design- (@) Square (6) Circular lily (d) Rectangular [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] 5. Bending Stress in Beams (GBB hollow pipe of OD = 80 mm and thickness 16mmis added as a simply supported beam over a span of 2 m. What maximum point load can be applied at the center of the span if the permissible bending stress is 800 Nimm?? (@) 4.0211N (b) 40.21 N (c) 8.042N (d) 80.42N [SSC-JE : 2011] 52. Twosimply supported beam A and B has the same length Land subjected to equal bending moment M. The stress induced in the beam Aand Bare 6, and og respectively. If the cross section of beam A is bx8 and that of beam is Bxb, then correct relation between a, and ois: = 8 (QORS2MD (0) =F & (c) 64 = 7 (d) 0, = 08 [SSC-VE : 2012] Paper-I: Objective Strength of Materials \ 57 simply supported beamis subjected toa point load Pat the middle of the beam. The correct normal stress distribution across its cross- Section is given by which figure? (b) E ~ [SSC-YE : 2012] 54. Strength of the beam depends on (a) Bending moment (b) Densit (Seon mds (d) c.g. of the section 53, (a) ~ [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] 55. The strength of the beam mainly depends on- (2) section modulus (b) its weight (0) bending moment (d) centre of gravity of the section [SSC-JE : 2015) Ge 56. The cross-section of a member is subjected to uniform shear stress t. Then the strain energy stored per unit volume is equal to (G = modulus of rigidity) 2 @ = oF 3 2G [SSC-JE : 2013) 7. Principal Stress-strain and Ruralis 57. Principle plane is one which carries: azz»: (b) maximum shear stress. (c) no normal stress (d) maximum resultant of stresses [SSC-VE : 2009]PR ec 58, The ratio of the polar moment of inertia to the radius of the shaft is known as (a) Shalt stiffness (0) Flexural rigidity (c) Torsional rigidity (2) TeRSionaISeStIONIMIOdulus [SSC-VE : 2007] (GBS order to produce bending and shear stresses of equal magnitudes at the extreme fibres of a circular cross-section under the action of combined bending and torsion, the ratio of bending to twisting moments must be (a) ; . (b) 1 oz [SSC-JE : 2011] (c)2 60. Asolid shaft transmits a torque T. The allowable shear stress is t. The diameter of lar (ear () Vi (d) ¥ at [SSC-JE: 2011] 61. The torque producing a unit twist in a shalt of unit length is : (2) Nominal torque _(b) Maximum torque (c)TSFSIORAIBidity (a) Normal torque [SSC-VE : 2012] 62. A circular shaft of length L and diameter D is fixed in one end. The other end of the shaft is Subjected to a twisting moment T. The angle of rotation of the free end with respect tothe fixed endiis 8. What willbe the angle of rotation of the free end if length is doubled and diameter is reduced to D/2? (@) 20 (>) 160 (a) o/2 ISSC-VE: 2012 Which one ofthe following assumptions in the theory of pure torsion is false? g(°) the length SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 64, 66. 68. 69. (b) The shaft is of uniform circuta throughout (c) Cross-section plane before torsion plane after torsion (d) All radii get twisted due to torsion [SSC-JE; If two shafts of the same length, one of whjg hollow, transmit equal torques and have eg maximum stress, then they should have 6q (a) polar moment of inert (b) polar modulus of section (c) diameter (d) angle of twist [SSC-JE: circular shaft can transmit a torque of 13 kN If the torque is reduced to 12 kN-m, then jf maximum value of bending moment that ca applied to the shatt is- (a) 1 kN-m. (b) 3kN-m (c) 5kN-m (a) 7KN-m. [SSC-VE : 20 (a) (b) Bending load (c) Axial compressive load (d) Axial tensile load [SSC-UE : 2013] ‘The shear stress at the centre of a circular 8 under torsion is (a) maximum ( (b) minimum (d) unpredictable [SSC-vE : 2014 (E)} For any given power and permissible st Stress, the rotational speed of shaft and its diameter are correlated by the expression: (9) ND* = constant (b) ND? = constant (c) ND= constant (d) VND = constant [SSC-vE : 2014 (6) A solid shaft transmits 44 kW power at 700 fp Calculate the torque produced (in Nm) (a) 60 (b) 100 (©) 600 (MOD [SSC-vE : 2016]Mechanical Engineering 70. Twoshafts one solid and other hollow, are made of the same materials are having same length and weight. The hollow shaft as compared to solid shaft is- (a) Have same strength a: (c) None of the options (qd) Less strong [SSC-VE : 2015] 71, Torsional rigidity of a solid circular shaft of diameter ‘d" is proportional to : (ad (0) 1/0? ap °F [SSC-JE : 2015] 72. Acantilever beam is deflected by due to load P Ifload is doubled, then deflection compared to earlier case will be changed by a factor of, we Or oz (ae [SSC-JE : 2009] 73. If a beam is supported on more than two supports, is called a (a) @enitinuousibeam (b) Simply supported beam (c) Encastered beam (d) Built in beam [SSC-JE : 2012] 74, if a beam of constant section is subjected throughout its length to a uniform bending moment, it will bend to (ay@ieireulamarep —(b) a triangular shape (©) acatenary (d) a parabolic curve [SSC-UE : 2012] 75. A. uniform simply supported beam of span (I) carries @ point load (W) at the centre, The downward deflection at the centre will be- (a) Wi?/8 Er (b) WI5/3 EI (c) 5 wiyae4 Er (al [SSC-VE : 2013] Paper-I: Objective + Strength of Materials 10. Pressure Vessels 76. The longitudinal stress in a thin (thickness) cylinder pressure vessel of diameter d and Internal pressure, pis d ) # (b) . ~: [SSC-JE : 2011] 77. Acylinder is said to be thin if the thickness to diameter ratio is less than- (a) 16 (b) 4/10 (c) 115 (d) 1/20 [SSC-JE : 2013] 1d OR 78. The circumferential stress in a thin shell due to internal fluid pressure is given by- Pa Pd aPd wy ap. oO oe [SSC-VE : 2014 (M)] 79, What is the ratio of maximum tangential stress (c) and maximum radial stress (6,) of a solid disk flywheel? [SSC-JE : 2015] more GD Rankine’s theory is valid to (a) long column (b) short column: (fai (d) None of the above [SSC-JE : 2008] 81. The-crippling load for both ends fixed long column is given by ; 2 wel wel oar Oe emer otzaem [SSC-JE : 2008]60 82. 84, 86. 87. SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved ‘The effective length of the column with one end fixed and the other end free is (a)its own length —(b) wiGRSTERTENI (c)halfits length _(d) none of the above [SSC-JE : 2009] structure made up of several bars, rivetted or welded together, is known as: (a) Strut (b) Column (c) Frame (a) Tie [SSC-JE : 2011] The ratio of Euler's buckling loads of columns with same parameters having (i) both ends fixed (ii) one end fixed and the other end free, is (a1 (b) 4 8 CoD [SSC-JE : 2011] Amachine part is designed as a strut, when itis subjected to (a) an axial tensile stress (b)anaxil compressive sess, (c) a tangential force (d) any one of the above [SSC-JE : 2011] Rankine formula (for a column) takes into account which of the following : (2) The initial curvature of the column (b) The eccentricity of loading (\TREEHSCHOTGISEESMBIPssive stress (d) The effect of slenderness ratio [SSC-JE : 2012] Strut is defined as a- (2) Member ofa structure which carries atensile load ‘) Nemieaaelasteectuemicneayicsanaxa (C) Vertical member ofa structure. atensile load (d) Vertical member of a stn no load which carries ‘ucture which carrieg ISSC-E: 2019) Papers The ratio of equivalent length of the, minimum radius of gyration is called (a) (b) Factor of satay (c) Pols (d) Coetticient of 88. ’s ratio @BBMDA long circular cylinder has a diameter length L. The Slenderness ratio of the 90. compressive force is called- (a) Column (b) Beam (c) Frame diameter and the (2) Toc a diameter 92. (a) k= Kitky Kiky (b) K= Kk, K, ()K=k, +k, a) K= Se ' ° y+ Ke [SSC-JE 98. Leaf sprin, ( 98 are subjected to- Ss (b ive ste (6) Tensile stress (b) Compressive stté (d) Shear stressMechanical Engineering 9. (da) 10. (*) 11. (b) 12. (a) 47, (d) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (a) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (c) 33. (d) 84. (b) 35. (a) 36. (c) at. (0) 42. (c) 43, (bd) 44. (c) 4g. (c) 50. (c) 51. (*) 52. (a) 67. (a) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. (a) 68 () «66. (a) 67. ()— 8. a) 73. (a) 74. (a) 75. (d) 76. (c) 81. (c) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (d) go. (d) 90. (d) 91. (d) 92) Paper-1:Objective + Strength of Materials 13, (b) 14. (b) 15. (©) 16. (0) 21. (c) 22, (a) 238. (a) 24. (a) 29. (d) 30. (a) 31. (c) 32. (b) 37, (@) 38. ()— 39. (a) 40. (c) (bc) 47. (b) 48. (a) 83. (c) 54 (c) 5. (a) 56. (0) 61. (c) 62. (c) 63. (a) «4. (b) 69. (d) 70. (b) 71. (0) 72. (a) 77. (6) 78. (d) 79. (4) 80. c) 85. (b) 86. (c) 87. (b)_ 88. (a) 93. (a) Grae mio The strain energy stored in a body due external loading, with in the elastic limit, is known as resilience. Proof resilience in a member is stored strain energy in the elastic region in whole volume. 1 PR= 5PeBa = oe Py Resilience is defined as energy absorption capacity of he component during its functionality Modulus of resilience and modulus of toughness are the important properties for the material of @ component when it is subjected to impact (shock) loading, OG ‘Toughness is the property of a material to resist fracture due to high impact loads. This property is desirable in parts subjected to shock and impact tools. So, toughness is the ability of @ tool material to resist shock or impact forces 2 = (Ge) aL = PoateAl EG! Poisson's ratio is the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain. itis dimensionless quantity. mai Percentage elongation during tensile test is indicative of ductility of the material. Increase in length, 8L = = = 4PL ng’E With same force(P) applied to wire of same material but of length and radius (or diameter) twice the first, i.e. = 2b d’=2d mm 4pL’___4P(2L) Extension produced, 8) = —a7E = GeqjPE oe Sep * 2aare) 2 4PL = 1mm [rs noe | 1mm = 0.5mm62 | SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers m nai cami Extension of the bar, 7 i 7 aw * adage If equal and opposite forces applied toag tend to elongate it, the stress so prodyg, w. 0 w called tensile stress. " 2 ’#——_+ Poisson's ratio is used is both two and three dimensional body. oc Volumetric strain, Ec! ay Gretel, 2) Modulus of rigidity, Vv E m. 5 For hydrostatic stress condition, = y 6,=0,=0, a Shear stress = $(:-2) o> Shear str E m or, E=3. Z(- id), & The relation between elastic constants E,Ga No option is correct. Kis Te) oak * Proportional limit is the maximum value of stress ak +G upto which stress-strain relationship is linear, Ee hence Hooke’s law is valid upto proportional limit. Elastic limit is the maximum stress upto which | ‘material behaves as perfectly elastic material. The percentage reduction in area in case of cast iron when it is subjected to tensile test is of the Order of 0%, because cast iron being brittle material does not undergo elongation. When a cylindrical rod of length 1’ and diamete ‘d's rigidly fixed at its upper end and hang vertically, the elongation produced in rod di to self weight 3. = Let initial length be an The final length after wire is stretched is 2L EG Longitudinal strain True stress = —!Mstantaneous load Instantaneous area of cross-sectionMechanical Engineering Poisson's ratio is the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain. Materlal__ | Poleson’s ratio, Rubber 0.48 = 0.50, Copper 0.385 Stee! 0.265 - 0305 Concrete | 0.10-020 Baie ‘The deformation per unit length in the direction of the force is known as linear strain, In a tensile test of a specimen, the ratio of maximum load to the original cross-sectional area of the test piece is called ultimate stress. i} fa steel bar fixed at both ends is heated, then it, will develop compressive stresses. Eas The value of poisson’s ratio is always less than 05 ie. osHs Stress due to change in temperature, 6,= EaAT where a.is coefficient of thermal expansion ATis temperature difference Eis modulus of elasticity lf equal and opposite forces applied to a body tend to elongate it, then the stress produced is tensile stress. Paper-l: Objective + _Strength of Materials EG Lateral strain Poisson's ratio = Sofa’ sifain _ Longitudinal strain Em ‘The diameter of the core of a circular section is given by ¢ Ina composite bar, the resultant strain produced will be same as the strain produced in each bar. EG For a homogeneous, isotropic elastic material, relationship between elastic constants are E= 261 +p) K (1 = 2p) = KG 3K+G E = Modulus of elasticity where, G = Modulus of rigidity K = Bulk modulus = Poisson's ratio 0} Volumetric strain, (1-24) ey= Ma(6,+0,+0,) 24 Since the rectangular body is subjected to an axial force, so for uniaxial state of stress,4 | re For a simply supported beam with a load at the mid-span, the bending moment diagram (BMD) is a triangle. we +) oO wi2 (ey At the point of contratlexure, bending moment changes its behaviour. Ee, wr o For simply supported beam having load al the centre the bending moment is maximum at the centre and minimum at the support. EG) The shear force at a certain section of a beam is stated to be zero. The bending moment at that section will be either maximum or minimum i.e. tensile or compressive. ‘Strain energy in the beam due to BM, — FM. ue oE., SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers at the centre is zero (as shown in SF), - Wkatim -—— 1 —— we ero 2] we BMD Ee) In case of cantilever, irrespective of the Gc The bending moment on a section is mé where shearing force is zero. ie. Shere dx Le. Ty Ne Cae |, Fig: Shear stress distribution Fig.: Bending moment distribution‘Mechanical Engineering Paper- This shear stress distribution occurs when simply supported beam carries a pointload (W) atthe centre, for which 3s the correct bending moment distribution. ‘The maximum bending moment will occur at the fixed end, w SFO ‘BMD oe Bending moment at the support simply supported beam is zero, ie case of =F=0 xxs04xxx5 04 (0.5? = 0.05 N-m For circular section, Section modulus = Zyy= Zyy n dt _ nd? Tea gg Fo 64d/2 32 dj2~ aj2 bjective +_ Strength of Materials Polar section modulus, no Te (beh The point of contraflexure occurs in over- hanging beams. If the end portion of a beam extends beyond the supports, then the beam is known as overhanging beam, in which bending moment is positive in between supports and negative for the overhanging part. Hence the point of contraflexure (the point at which B.M. is zero) exits in this beam. aoa Point of contra flexure Both circle and square have same area, Rye a_ ff a= Ea; of A= fA 4 a Vn Ratio of moment of interia of a circle and that of a square about their centroidal axis Eis The preferred cross-section of a beam subjected transverse loading is I-section because section modulus of |-section is high. Higher the section modulus, higher will be the strength of the beam.SSC-JE_+ Topicwis section of a cantilever beam which is loaded with UDL will give most economical design as for strongest cross-section, moment of resistance (M,) should be maximum, which depend upon section modulus (Z). For same cross - sectional area, section modulus of [section is maximum, hence it will most economical design. Outer diameter, D, = 80mm Inner diameter, D,= Dy~2t= 80-2 16 = 48mm Span length of SSB = 2m=2000mm Sa Maximum Bending moment, WL “4 “(3) 2 32M 2 (ps 4 Hl0s-0%) vaif-(2)] D 32xW x 2000 4n(80)° ( (8) Sy 800 = W = 70001 N= 70 kW .e Previous Solved Papers » Emo For a simply supported beam subjec; point load P at the middle of the bea normal stress distribution is given by Gross section Actual normal ‘Stress distribution Stoo dat stress di where M,is moment of resistance Sper is permissible stress ya's section modulus Higher m, fi eater Me means higher the strength of Strength of a beam is its by ment al resistance ( is its bending mome Ma = 20,0" So, strength of ‘ ‘ a bear i Section modulus, any depends, oidisthe Engineering For the cross-section of a member subjected to uniform shear stress t, the strain energy stored per unit volume, u 1 voume ~ 2G Principle plane are those which have maximum ‘or minimum normal stress and zero shear stress acting. The ratio of polar moment of inertia to the radius of shaft is known as torsional section modulus, R-d/2 16 (For a circular solid shaft) Z is torsional section modulus. For equal bending and shear stress i.e. Op=t 32M _ 167 ae ond? M4 TO 2 So the ratio of bending to twisting moments must be 1/2. Allowable shear stress, 16T a “Diameter, d = is The torque producing a unit twist in a shaft of unit length is torsional rigidity. t= 0 From torsion equation, To JOT = Bea e For unit twist and unit length, ie. L = = 1 Torque, T= GJ Paper-1: Objective + Strength of Materials Case; 9 = a o- —Tk__ 3am q{n0*) Geo Case Il: Now length is doubled (L’ = 2L) and diameter is reduced to. 8 g= Te | GF GR(DY 32\2 = anf S2TL)_ = of Se \ 320 32TL. D [As from case | =0] i ‘A member is said to be pure torsion if it is subjected to twisting couple in such a way that the magnitude of twisting moment remains constant throughout the length of the member. However, angle of twist (or twist) is not uniform along the length, but varies linearly with length and is maximum at the free end. Gale! 16T_=*T For solid shaft, t= —>=— nd? Zp (Zp= polar section modulus} 167 T For hollow shaft, t= —,——- = 7 heal 7 Pe) for same t and T, Z)= Zpy For same torque and have equal maximum shear stress, they should same polar modulus: of section.SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers T= Vr? 4M? 13= 12? 4+M? Ms Jf69-144 = V25 = SkNem The spindle of a machine tool is subjected to torsional load. The spindle undergoes rotation, leading to torsional stresses. Shear stress of a circular shaft under torsion, Gi =r 7 Also, the shear stress in the shaft is proportional to the radius of the shaft. Atany radius x, Hl TF or, t, So, at the centre of the shaft, shear stress is 2810. Power, P=To 1D? Torque, = T= 3 16 From Torsion equation hot JvR mD* +( 2nN 16 60 For given Power (P) and shear stress (t) ND® = constant cme Given: Power, 44 kW Speed, 700 rps Power, P= To=Tx2nN 44 x 109 = Tx2x22x700 T=10N-m = (8) Strength of a shaft is its torsional moment resistance (Tg) Ty = Zo Tpor Tae 4 (for given material tp, is sa Zp a) _ Zels___ 46 (a (Zp) qgoi-k4) As weights and length are equal, V, = Vy or Byte = Ep%\1-K2)- 4 4 or 2 (1—Kayve D Male _ (= KEPI Vink? (ay = (A= K*) 14K? So, for a given weight, hollow circular shafisaf stronger than solid shaft. a Ec Torsional rigidity of a solid circular shaft = G@= Gx gt 32 4+ Torsional rigidity 2 4 EG) Deflection when cantilever beam is subje toload P, PS 8 Ser Deflection when load is doubled, (2Pys eo” 3ET 8) = 28, Deflection compared to earlier case will b& changed by a factor of 2,Mechanical Engineering If a beam is supported on more than two supports, Is called a continuous beam, For example: Loading R if a beam (say simply supported beam) of constant section is subjected throughout its length to a uniform bending moment, it will bend toacircular arc. El R= a Constant {As El = constant for a material and constant section and M = constant as given] So, a circular arc of constant radius will be formed by the beam. eas For a uniform simply supported beam of span () carries a point load (W) at the centre, the downward deflection at the centre (Ysa. w ht ———+ we Ynax QBET Circumferential (Hoop) stress, = Ba one ot ae ‘A oylinder is said to be thin if the thickness to diameter ratio, (s)< 3 Paper-l : Objective + Strength of Materials For thin shell, Circumferential (or hoop) stress due to internal fluid pressure, rv) Sn or EG In case of a solid disk flywheel, Maximum tangential stress (,) = Maximum radial stress (o,) eae cs Say Ea) Euler's formula is valid for long columns, while Rankine's theory is valid for short, medium and long, all types of column. @ The crippling load for both ends fixed long AnEl column, P, [asl # for both ends fixed] Gale ‘The effective length of the column with one end fixed and the other end free is twice its length, ie, b= 2b EG) A structure made up of several bars, rivetted or welded is know as frame, which has zero degree of freedom. Cia Euler's buckling load having both end fixed, 4 Elnin or Euler's buckling load having one end fixed and the other end free, 2 12 Inin Fee ae 4nElpin, 4 Ratio = Fa -—3 Vl = 1670. | fae ‘A machine part is designed as strut when It is subjected to an axial compressive stress. Rankine formula (for a column) also takes into account the effect of crushing (i.e. direct compressive stress), apart from all other assumptions used in Euler's formula. Struct is defined as a member of a structure which carries an axial compressive load. Slendemess ratio, also called buokling factor, is the ratio of equivalent length of the column to the minimum radius of gyration. soe k Al be Slenderness ratio, $= z Where kis radius of gyration Raa fea fiom = [Bee A Rae 3 ta dad Strut is defined as a structural member Subjected to an axial compressive load. Strut can be in any position i., may be vertical or inclined position. End condition of strut may be both end fixed, both ends hinged, fixed and hinged, fixed and free, While column is defined 8 a vertical structural member fixed at both ‘the ends and subjected to an axial compressive load. SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers = om " For a helical spring, spring index (0) = Mean coil diameter (D) Wire diameter (d) Ele Ky % K, and K, are two springs connected in g For series combination, 8, = 8, +8, WM Me KK, K2 Bul WW, a c = Leal springs are used in suspension g automobiles and are subjected to bending Stresses,Akinematic pair consists of (a) pair of elements having line or point contact (©) pair of elements having surface contact (c)\QWSIBIEMERESIRAEEPmit relative motion (d) two elements which are mechanically held together [SSC-JE: 2007} ‘Asimple mechanism has: (a) 1 link (b) 2 link () 3link ery [SSC-UE : 2010] Auniversal joint is an example of: (a) Lower pair (b) Higher pair (c) Rolling pair ——_(d) Sliding pair [SSC-JE : 2010] ‘The number of links L and the number of pairs in akinematic chain conform to the relation [SSC-JE : 2011] Aball and socket joint forms a (a) Rolling pair. (b) Sliding pair (c)(SpRericalipai (d) Turning air [SSC-VE : 2012] Ina kinematic chain, the minimum number of kinematic pairs required is- (a) one (b) two (0) three (@) four [SSC-JE : 2013] The relation between the number of links (L) and number of pair (P) is : (a) L=2P-3 (sae (b) L=2P-2 (d) L=3-2P [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] The crank shaft turning in a journal bearing forms a (a) turning pair (©) rolling pair (b) sliding pair (d) helical pair [SSC-UE : 2014 (E)] (G@BB Figure shows a four bar chain and the number 10. indicates the respective link lengths in cm. The type of the mechanism is known as : 10, (a) slider crank (©) crank rocker (b) double crank (A) double rocker [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The contact between cam and followers to form. a (a) lower pair (0) (c) sliding pair (d) rolling pair [SSC-E : 2014 (E)] [OE ue edae eres 11. 12. Which amongst the following is an inversion of double slider crank chain? (a) Engine indicator (p) Elita! ermal (c) Quick return motion (d) Coupled wheels of a locomotive [SSC-VE : 2007] Consider @ point on a link connecting double slider crank chain. It would trace (a) acircular path (b)an elliptical path (c) a straight path (d) a parabolic path [SSC-JE : 2007]2 | 47. 19, SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers In double slider crank chain, the number of revolute pairs is/are: (e)1 ()3 (2D (d) 4 [SSC-JE : 2008) Oldham's coupling is inversion of: (a) 4-bar chain (b) 6-bar chain (6c) single slider crank chain (6) dOUBISISIIGeRICraAKTehain [SSC-E : 2008] Kinematic pairs are those which have two elements that: (a) have line contact (b) have surface contact (CNBERILEIAIVEIROtion (d) are held together [SSC-E : 2009] Crank, connecting rod, cylinder and piston of steam engine constitute: (@) One link (b) Two link (c) Three link (d [SSC-JE : 2010} Inversion of a mechanism is: (a) Changing of a higher pair to lower pair (bYOBIINEEIBVMXINGPifferent links in a jematic chain (©) Turning it upside down (d) Obtained by reversing the input and output motion [SSC-VE : 2010] The coupling which is the inversion of the double slider crank chain is (a) Flange couplin (0) Oldham couping (c) Universal coupling (d) Box coupling [SSC-JE : 2011] Degree of freedom of a slider crank mechanism is Oo) (03 (b) 2 (ao [SSC-JE : 2012] 20. ABCD is a four-bar mechani 21. 23. 24, AB = 30 cm and CD = 45 om, AD. If velocity of B at this condition velocity of Cis : : $ a B 30cm 45m A o 9 (@ 3 () ZY wv Co) [SSC-JE : 201 chain is given by : (a) L=P+4 (b) L=2P-6 (ce) (P-1) (d acceleration of magnitude, in cm%s, (a) 20" (b) 10% (c) 40n (d) 80n mechanism consisting of ‘n' links are- j= >) 3 (n-9 2 (d) 4 [SSC-JE : 2014 (M) The centre of gravity of a complete link in a foul bar chain mechanism will experience- (a) both linear & angular acceleration (b) only linear acceleration (c) (d) No acceleré (SSC-JEMechanical Engineering Paper-1: Objective + Theory of Machines | 73 A slider crank chain is a four bar linkage consisting of- {a) one sliding pair and two turning pairs (b)GRE|SIGING PAlFeNGNAFEEHOrning pairs (c) two sliding pairs and two rotating pairs (d) two sliding pairs and two turning pairs [SSC-UE : 2013] 26, Apointonailink connecting double slider crank chain traces a/an- (a) Straight line path (b) Circular path (©) Parabolic path (@) Elipical path [SSC-JE : 2013] 27. Howmany links does a pantograph mechanism contain? (a) Ten (b) Two (AES (d) Nine [SSC-VE : 2014 (M)] 28. The power from the engine to the rear axle of an automobile is transmitted by means of- (a) Bevel gears (b) Hooke’s joint (c) Spur gears (d) Worm and worm wheels [SSC-JE : 2015] CAM Design 29. Cam size depends upon (ABESETEHEIETE (b) pitch circle (©)prime circle (d) outer circle [SSC-VE : 2009] 30. For high speed engines, the Cam follower should move with- {a) Uniform velocity (o) jn (c) Simple harmonic motion (4) Uniform acceleration and retardation [SSC-JE : 2015] 31. Anidler pulley is used: (@) For frequency stoppage of motion (© NOIASGUBHO GABE to bk (c) To change the direction of motion of the belt (8) To run only during non-load periods [SSC-JE : 2010] 32, 33, 35, 36. 37. 38. The product of module and diametral pitch is equal to: => (c)n x (5 (d) 2x [SSC-VE : 2008] The path of contact in cycloidal gear (a) straight line (b) curved line (eta (d) none of the above [SSC-JE : 2008] The surface of gear tooth below pitch circle is called: (a) Bottom tooth (AEA (b) Face (a) Dedendum portion [SSC-VE : 2010] In automobiles the power is transmitted from gear box to differential through: (a) Bevel gear (b) Universal joint (@iBooKe'Sioint §. (d) Knuckle joint [SSC-JE : 2010] Herringbone gears are (a) spur gears (b) single helical gears ( (d) bevel gears [SSC-YE: 2011] For an involute gear, the ratio, pitch circle radius/ base circle radius (a) cos (b) sing (ED (4) cose @ where @ = pressure angle. [SSC-VE : 2011] In gear drive, addendum equals (a) diametral pitch (b) circular pitch © (d) 1.57 times the module of the gear [SSC-UE : 2011] For helical gears, the helix angle generally ranges from: (a) 30 to 45 degrees (b) 45 to 60 degrees (c) 30 to 75 degrees (d)(@ISSOMEgIEES: [SSC-JE : 2012]7 | SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 41. 42, 44, 45. A spur gear with pitch circle diameter D has number of teeth T. The module m is defined as: conn? aD . (c) m= D (d) m= r [SSC-JE : 2012] (b) m= OT ‘The differential gear in the automobiles is used to: (a) Help in turnin (b) Assist in changing speed (c) Provide balancing (d) Reduce speed [SSC-E : 2012] Which of the following gear system have minimum axial thrust? (a) Bevel gears (b) Helical gears (c/IDBUBIEREIEAD gears (d) Spur gears [SSC-E : 2012] Bevel gears are used to transmit rotary motion between two shafts whose axes are (a)[P@RpeRIUIar§=—(b) Parallel (c) Non-intersecting (d) Non-coplanar [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] A differential gear in an automobile is a: (a) simple gear train (l (c) compound gear train (d) speed reducer [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] What type of contact occurs during meshing of helical gears? (ARIA (c) Area (b) Line (d) Volume [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] Helical gears have their teeth : (a) inclined to wheel rim (b) straight over the wheel rim (c)@URERIGVERIEWHES| in (d) cut on the surfaces of the frusta of cones [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] 47. Theproduct of circular pitch and ai is equal to” Or) (b) Module (c) Unity (6) [SSC-UE : 201, The circular pitch of a toothed wheel havin teeth and module of 4.25 mm will be- (a) 8.50 mm (b) 13.5mm (c) 4.25mm (d) 6.67 mm [SSC-UE: 20144 49. i (a Phen art: (b) Pressure pit (0) Circular pitch (d) Diameter pitch ; [SSC-E : 2014 (\ 50. (b) Spur gears with small teeth (c) Large worm gears (d) Spiral gears 9 [SSC-vE : 2014 (W 51. Inagear drive, module is equal to : 1 1 2” diametral pich (°) Sreular pitch Diametral pitc (-) CERREBTETR, Diametral piteh ™ 4 [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)) Which of the following statements regardif ae Gears’ is correct? These are employed{a a (b) Minimum back-lash (c) Minimum axial thrust (Q) Gear speed reduction 52. [SSC-JE : 2015 The maximum efficiency of worm and worm wheel system is sing t=tang Trsing (4) Tax nie tang} [SSC-JE : 2011], (2) Tray = 1=£086 Le Trcosg (©) (6) MaxMechanical Engineering 58. Fora slider crank mechanism, the velocity and acceleration of the piston at inner dead centre will be: (a) Oando (b) Oand ar (c)Oand< or (d(C FESAND where ‘a is angular velocity of the crank and '? its radius [SSC-VE : 2010] crank radius of a slider crank mechanism is 10 cm. If the crank radius is increased to 12m, the stroke length will increase by : (a) 10% (b) 20% (c) 12% (d) 5% [SSC-UE : 2012] Match the List-I with the List-Il and select the correct match using the codes below: List-1 List-I1 A. Governor 1. Dunkerley method B. Flywheel 2. Turning moment C. Critical speed 3. D'Alembert’s principle D, Inertia force 4. Speed control Codes: A BC OD @2 3 4 1 b)1 2 3 4 (3 2 1 4 @mm ' 3 [SSC-JE : 2012] The maximum and minimum speeds of a flywheel during a cycle are N, and Np fp. m. respectively. The coefficient of steadiness of the flywheel is- Ny=Np @) Ayan OPIN NE 20+ Ns) Nyt No ()N, N,-No [SSC-VE : 2013] The power transmitted by circular shaft rotating at Nrpm under action of Torque Tis (a) 2x. NTI750 (bRINTIEOND (c) 2m NTI450 (d) 2x NT/4500 [SSC-JE : 2013] Paper-1: Objective De ea tress 59. Moment, Flywheel 54. [75 Name the mechanism in which the Coriolis component of acceleration is to be considered. (a\{QUIGKFERWERBtion mechanism (b) Four-bar mechanism (c) Slider crank mechanism (d) Beam engine + Theory of Machines [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] aay turnning moment (7) delivered by a flywheel id with respect to its angular displacement 61. is given by the following expression T= 14000 + 7000 sind The value of @ for which delivered torque is equal to mean torque for a single cycle are: {a) 0°, 180°, 360° (b) 90°, 270°, 360° (c) 90°, 270°, 180° (d) 0°, 270°, 360° [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The purpose of the flywheel in an IC engine is- (a) To regulate the fuel supply (b)TSIKESBIABIOUIBUt power constant at the crank shaft (0) Toincrease the power capacity of the engine (d) To reduce the vibration in an engine [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] 8. Governors 62. 63. 64. Centrifugal governors are preferred to the inertia type governors because an inertia governor (a) has less controling force (b) @SURIGHIVISERSIfive and more prone to hunting (c) poses problems in the balancing of inertia forces (d) has high initial and maintenance cost [SSC-UE : 2007] Which one of the following is a gravity controlled type governor? (a) Hartnell governor (b) Hartung governor c) Wattigevernor (d) Pickering governor ‘ [SSC-JE : 2008] Hartnell governor could be classified under the head of: (a) inertia type governors (b) pendulum type governors (c)@enitritagaliypergoyes°'s {d) dead weight lype-governors * [SSC-VE : 2009]Governor is used in automobile to : (a) decrease the variation of speed (b) control 3N&t (0) control 8 (d)All the above [SSC-JE : 2009] 66. The height ‘A’ and angular speed to ‘a’ for the Watt governor and Porter governor are related by the identity: (a) hew (6) he o (b) he tho (ane? [SSC-JE : 2010] 67. The stiffness of the spring in a Hartnell governor is equal to, where S, = Spring force exerted on the sleeve at maximum radius of rotation. S2 = Spring force exerted on the sleeve at minimum radius of rotation. = lift of sleeve fa) a= So) S- ( (b) Sok Si+S last co [SSC-JE : 2012] (@EEMPMAB Hartnett governor, 800 N force is exerted on the sleeve at minimum radius and 1200 N force is exerted at maximum radius. Ifsleeve lift is 20 mm, the value of spring stiffness (s) is- (a) 10. Nimn (b) 20 Nimn (c) 16 Nmn (d) 18N/mm [SSC-E : 2013] 89. The angular speed of a Watt governor, when its height is 20 cm, will be equal to- (@) 20 radjsec (b) 10 rad/see (0) 6 radjsec (0) 7 rad/sec ISSC-JE : 2013] SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers = 70. 72. 73, When the speed of governor increases) (a) height of governor and radius of raf increase ‘ (b) height of governor and radius of roy, decrease (quheishtiotigevemios decreases but raciyg rotation increases 4 (4) height of governor increases but radiug rotation decreases 4 [SSC-JE : 2014 The maximum speed and minimum speed ig r.p.m. at a Watt governor are 72 and gg respectively. The range of speed of the gover is (a (c)8 (b) 2 (a) 6 a [SSC-JE : 2014 (My When the load on engine increases, it becor Necessary to increase the supply of the working fluid and when the load decreases ,less worki fluid is required. The supply of the working fui to the engine is controlled by a: (2) Fly wheel (b) Meyer's expansion valve (c) D-slide valve (iB o¥eMOt When the sleeve of a upwards, the governor ( (b) Remains unattecteg (6) First increases & then decreases y (4) Decreases [SSC-JE : 2015] Porter governor mo\ speed-mechanical Engineering ses 4. (b) 12. (b) 17. (db) 18 (b) 19. (a) 20. (a 25, (bd) 26. (d) 27. (0) 28. (by g3. (c) 34 (0) 35. (c) 36. (cy at. (@) 42. (e) 43. (a) 44. (b) @ @ 8. @) 6.) 52 (a 57. (0) 88. (b) 8%.) go, (ay 65. (@) 68. (d) 67, (d) 68. (b) 73. (a) Paper-1: Objective + Theory of Machines 13. (b+) 14.) 18, (e) 16. (a) 21. (d) 22, (0) 2B. a) Bh. (e) 29. (a) 30. (b) 31, (b) 32. (a) 37. (c) 88. (0) «39, (@) 40. (a) 48. (a) 46. (0) 47. (a) 48. (by 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (b) 56. (a) 61. (b) 62. (b) «63. (ce) «4. (C) 69. (d) 70. () 71. (a) 72, (a) eeu iG A kinematic pair consists of two elements that permit relative motion. Asimple mechanism has 4 link. (a), A lower pair is an ideal joint that constrains contact between a surface in the moving body toa corresponding surface in the fixed body, A lower pair is one in which there occurs a surface or area contact between two members e.g. nut and screw, universal joint used to connect two Propeller shaft For a four link chain mechanism, the relation between the number of links Land the number Of pairs pis L=2p-4 i] ‘When one link in the form: ‘of a sphere turns inside 8 fixed link, itis a spherical pair. The ball and Socket joint forms a spherical pair. Ge Ina kinematic chain, the minimum number of kinematic pairs required is three, eg. cam and follower in which two lower pair and one higher Pair forms the kinematic chain Bo If each link is assumed to form pairs with two adjacent links then L=2p-4 Ge ‘When one link has a turning or revolving motion relative to the other, they constitute a turning or revolving pair. The crankshaft turning in a journal bearing forms a turning pair, Be double-crank Length of shortest link = 5 cm73 | SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers mrpe Length of longest link = 10. 6m i) stIsS pra Velocity diagram of given problem wil b 5+10S8+9 7 So, here the sum of the shortest and the longest h, links is less than the sum of the other two links. ad Ve Ve e Also, the shortest link is fixed. Hence, this Va= Ve= v mechanism is double crank mechanism. Hae ‘The contact between cam and follower is to from a higher pair. rm Elliptical trammel is an inversion of double slider crank chain. (3) Apoint ona link connecting double slider crank chain would trace an elliptical path. If the point is at middle of the link, then it will trace a circular path. (e) In double slider crank chain, the number of revolute pairs are 2. ma Oldham's coupling is an inversion slider crank chain. of double ei ‘A kinematic pair is a joint of two links (or ‘elements) having relative motion between them. ‘ed Crank, connecting rod, ¢} steam engine constitute four link. Ha Inversion of a mechanism is obtained by fixing different links in a kinematic chain. ylinder and piston of ions (b), Oldham’s coupling is the inversion of the double slider crank chain. ie. Degree of freedom of a slider crank mechanism ist Bas For a four link kinematic chain, the rel between number of lower pairs (P) and of links (L) is given by L=2P-4 city of ink on which slider is si : 2nx60 °* “0 60 = 2nradi/sec Coriolis acceleration, a,= 2v@=2x 10% 2n Angular velo = 40ncm/s* (a) Total number of instantaneous centres f n=1) mechanism consisting of ‘n' links = aot. The centre of gravity of a complete link in aif bar chain mechanism will experience 0 angular acceleration ifthe link is not fixed ont ) Single slider crank chain/mechanism is a fou! bar linkage consisting of one sliding pair three turning pairs. Sliding pair between 4 ‘and 1 link 1 7 Double slider crank chain is also a four bal: linkage consisting of two sliding pairs and wo turning pairs. q So, the maximum value of bending moment! can be applied to the shatt is § kNm. thatmechanical Engineering ese ‘Apoint on a link connecting double slider crank chain trace an elliptical path, and this inversion iscalled eliptical trammels in which slotted plate is fixed. This mechanism is used to draw small and large ellipses. ome ‘A pantograph is a four-bar linkage used to produce paths exactly similar to the ones traced ‘out by a point on the linkage. eae Hooke's joint is used to transmit the power from the engine to the rear axle of an automobile ey ) Camsize depends upon base circle. Base circle js the smallest circle tangent to the cam profile (contour) drawn from the centre of rotation of a radial cam. Forhigh speed engines, the cam-follower should move with cycloidal motion as there are no abrupt changes in the velocity and the acceleration at any stage of the motion. Thus, it ismost ideal cam profile for high speed follower motion. a Ee ‘An idler pulley is used to maintain requisite tension in the belt. Module, =m a Diametrical pitch, P= Product of module and diametral pitch = mP=1 Ea) The path of contact of cycloidal gears lies on the generating circles. The tooth surface between the pitch circle an\ the bottom land including fillet is called flank. id Paper-1: Objective + Theory of Machines EG 'n automobiles, the power is transmitted from gear box to differential through Hooke's joint. Ele Herringbone gears are double helical gears with Zero tool-run out. © For an involute gear, the ratio of pitch circle radius to base circle radius is sec } Pitch circle radius Ratio = Base circle radius -— 1. = Frose ~ cose = $°* © In gear drive, addendum equals to module of the gear. * Addendum is’ the radial height above the pitch circle. Its standard value is one: module. * Dedendum is the radial depth of a tooth below the pitch circle. Its standard value is 1.157 m. Ela For helical gears, the helix angle ranges from 45° to 30°, with 45° capping the safe operation limit. Eel D r a Module, =o m= > where Dis pitch circle diameter. Tis number of teeth. eG) The differential gear in the automobiles is used tc help in turning by adjusting the speed of two rear wheels at different angular velocities. ome Double helical gear have minimum axial thrust, oe Bevel gears are used to transmit rotary motion between two shafts whose axes are intersecting (may be perpendicular). Bevel gears can be straight bevel gears and helical bevel gears.‘A differential gear in an automobile is an epicyclic gear train, When a vehicle takes aturn, the outer wheels must travel farther than the inner wheels. In automobiles, the front wheels can rotate freely on their axis, but the rear wheels are driven by the engine through gearing. So, for rear wheels, differential gear is used to rotate them at slightly different speeds. The fact that an epicyclic gear has two degrees of freedom has been utilised in the differential gear of an automobile. Gale Meshing of helical gears leads to contact at a point on the leading edge of the curved teeth. As the gears rotate, the contact extends along a diagonal line across the teeth. It comes under higher pair. Cas Helical gears have their teeth curved over the wheel rim, each teeth being helical in shape. Cae) Circular pitch, a : T Diametral pitch, = ai Product of circular pitch and diametral pitch = pP. =(™)\(1) en T Na fae Circular pitch, 7 2 p=mm=nx4.25 = 13.35mm = 13.5mm The size of the gear is usually specified by pitch circle diameter, Ems) Double helical gears with zero tool run-out are called herring bone gear. ~ - SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers ome nD Circularpitch, P= “> =pm Circular pitc _ Module, = m= Se Ph @ Mitre gears are the bevel gears with both g similar and have shaft axis at 90°, are em, for equal speeds. Ege The maximum efficiency of worm and wheel is sing Max = Ty sino @ For a slider crank mechanism, at inner de centre, e=0 Velocity of the piston, v ro sino 202 =0 Acceleration of piston, a= ro? (cose +2058 = ra? (= ie a>re? Ee Crank radius, r= 10 cm Stroke length, / = 2r= 20cm If crank radius is increased to 12 cm, the stroke length, Iho = 240m So % increase in stroke length : ow = 100 24- = eo x 100 = 20% a Governor — Speed control Flywheel — Turning moment Critical speed — — Dunkerley method Inertia force — D'Alembert's principleMechanical Engineering Ea Coefficient of fluctuation of speed : The difference between the maximum and minimum speeds during a cycle is called the maximum fluctuation of speed. The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean speeds called the coefficient of fluctuation of speed (C,), Coefficient of steadiness : The reciprocal of coefficient of fluctuation speed is known as coefficient of steadiness and it is denoted by ‘Mm. Ny, hax — Nevin (Sefton) A _ (Ny +N) Cy 2(N,—Ny) Ee Power transmitted by circular shaft, P= To pa 1(22) 60 ‘The Coriolis component of acceleration is to be considered in Quick Return Motion Mechanism (QRMM) ands associated with the slider when the slider is sliding on the rotating object. Magnitude = 2ve where vis sliding velocity of slider @is angular velocity of object on which slider is sliding. Mean torque, 1, Troan = rz | 708 mean Of 2 J (14000 + 7o00sin0)<0 0 1 ex = [140008 -7000c0s0) pal i4oo0e No _1 [14000 2x -7000 2n| (cos2n -cos®) = 14000 N-m Paper-1: Objective +__Theory of Machines Delivered Torque, = 14000 + 7000 sine will be equal to mean torque (Troan) = 14000 at sind = 0 => = 0°, 180°, 360° The purpose of the flywheel is to control the fluctuations of energy of the engine, thus provide constant power output at the crank shaft, by storing the energy and supplying when needed. It controls intracyclic fluctuation of the engine. ae Centrifugal governors are preferred to the inertia type governor because an inertia governor is highly sensitive and more prone to hunting, In case of centrifugal governors, the balls are ‘operated by the actual change of engine speed, while in case of inertia governors, it is by the rate of change of speed. Therefore, the response of inertia governors is faster than that of centrifugal types. Watt, Porter and Proell governor are under the category of gravity controlled type governor. (o) Hartnell governor could be classified under the head of centrifugal type governors. [ia The function of a governor is to maintain the speed of an engine within specified limits whenever there is a variation of load. If the load on the shaft increases, the speed of the engine decreases unless the supply of fuel is increased by opening the throttle valve. On the other hand, if the load on the shaft decreases, the speed of the engine increases unless the fuel supply is decreased by closing the valve sufficiently to slow the engine to its original speed. The throttle valve is operated by the governor through some. mechanism for this purpose.SSC-JE + For the Watt governor and Porter governor, the or = d by height f’ and angular speed ‘a’ are relate Ina Hartnell governor, 5-8, = ns= 2 -A) .. Spring stifiness, SS, s= Eee For a Hartnell governor, Fa- hs 2a = FG-F) tfness of the spring lift _ Fea = For see (1200 - 800) S920 Nim For a watt governor, n= 895000 = mm 2.= 895000 200 Topicwise Previous Solv ed Papers h = 200m = 200 mm) N= J4A76 = 66.8954 rr Angular speed, , = 7rad/sec. When the speed of the governor increa; radius of rotation increases and heigi governor decreases. Range of speed of the governor = Nex ~ Norin = (72-68) =4 A governor is a device which is used to regula or control the supply of the working fluid to engine. When external load on engine varie When the governor Speed increases, centrifug force increases, resulting in upward move Of the sleeve of a porter governor,i ee Mass density of liquid (p) is given by D> (b) p = metric slug/m? (0) p= kg sec2im* (d) Allof the above [SSC-VE : 2007) The bulk modulus of elasticity (a) does not increase with the pressure (b) increases with the pressure (c) is large when fluid is more compressible (d) is independent of pressure and viscosity [SSC-VE : 2007] The rise or fall of head ‘h' in a capillary tube of diameter d and liquid surface tension o-and specific weight w is equal to (2) CA (b) 4ao/w (0) 4walo (d) 4wold [SSC-JE : 2007] As per Law of fluid friction for steady streamline flow, the frictional resistance: (a) varies proportionally to pressure (b) varies in inverse proportion to pressure (c) deesirteeenig OAIBIESSUre (d) first increase then decreases [SSC-JE : 2008] ‘An ideal flow of any fluid must satisfy (a) Pascal's law (b) Newton's law of viscosity (c) Boundary layer theor; (®)Contnuiy equation [SSC-JE : 2009] 10. The flow which neglects changes in a transverse direction is known as ( (b) uniform flow (c) steady flow (d) turbulent flow [SSC-VE : 2009] The property of a fluid which enables it to resistance tensile stress is known as: (a) Compressibility (b) Surface tension (@IDGRESION (d) Adhesion [SSC-E : 2010] Kinematic viscosity is equal to: (a) (b) Dynamic viscosity x density (c) Density/ dynamic viscosity (d) t/dynamic viscosity x Density [SSC-JE : 2010] Which one of the following is the Bulk Modulus Kof fluid? dp pdp ©) Sap 0) dp, og cong [SSC-UE : 2012] Pseudo-plastic substances are non-Newtonian fluids for which : (a) Dynamic viscosity increase as the rate of shear increases (b) Dynamic viscosity decreases with the time for which shearing forces applied (c) Dynamic viscosity increases with time for which shearing force applied. (cD YRARRIEMISCOSIYBEEIRAses as the rate of shear increases [SSC-JE : 2012]ssC-JE_+ Topicwise Pre vious Solved Papers 11. 12. 13. 14. An ideal fluid- (a) has no viscosity _ (b) satisfies the relation pv = RT (c) obeys Newton's Law of Viscosity (ais Pascal second is the unit of- (a) pressure (b) kinematic viscosity (c) @jfiamnigWiSeOS''y (0) surface tension [SSC-JE : 2013] When a fluidis in motion, the pressure ata point is same in all directions. Then the fluid is (a) Real fluid (b) Newtonian fluid (c)ddeaitiuidy © (d) Non-Newtonian fluid [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Mercury does not wet the glass surface. This property of mercury is due to : (a) adhesion viscosit (c) surface tension [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] (GESTS ete distribution for low over a flat plate 16. 17. is given by u = (y- y*) in which uis velocity in metres per second ata distance ymetres above the plate. What is the shear stress value at y = 0.15 m? The dynamic viscosity of fluid is 8.0 poise. (a) 12.4 Nim? (b) 1.24 Nim? (c) 0.56 Nim? (d) 5.6 Nim? [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] A hydrometer is used to determine : (a) relative humidity (b) surface tension of liquids (c) specific gravity of liquids (d) viscosity of liquids [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] Pressure intensity inside the water droplets is (where a-surface tension c-diameter of bubble) mee (b) p= © a ( p=S [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)) =o (a) P=y 48. One stoke is equal to- (a) (6) 1 msec (c) 1mmésec (d) 10 m/sec ” [SSC-VE: 49, The dimensions of the surface tension ag (a) [M1L°T?] (b} (c) [M'L'T?] (d) [MILT] [SSC-JE: 20144 20, _Toprevent oscillation of the meniscus the} of the connecting tubes should be- (a) unequal (b) large (c)SiTaI (d) equal to 10 times diameter 21. The expression for capillary rise is given] when, o-surface tension, @-Angle of contacta p-density- J 2osind fa) h= (a) od ( 2oc080 4osine () h= d) h= pgd ” pgd [SSC-VE : 2014 (Ml ©D wnat torque in Nm is required to give 3 water, a moment of momentum, so that it hé tangential velocity of 3 m/s at a distance of 18 from the axis? (a) 16200 (c) 2624 (b) 157 (d) 8138 4 [SSC-JE : 2014( 23. One poise is equivalent to- (a) 1 kg/m-hr (b) 1 gm/em-see (c) 98 dyne/sec (d) 68 kg-sec/m* [Ssc-uE : 2014(M 24. The rate of change of moment of moment represents the : (a) Power developed by the fluid (b) Force exerted by fluid (AT rcs (d) Work done by the fluid is [SSC-vE : 2014Mechanical Engineering Paper-1: Objective Hydrometer is used to determine- (a) density of liquids (b) flow of liquids (c) relative humidity (3) spect avy ot he kg [SSC-VE : 2015] 26. The: ‘Stress-strain relation of the Newtonian fluid is- (SD (c) Hyperbolic (©) Inverse type (d) Parabolic [SSC-JE : 2015] 27. Newton's law of viscosity is a relationship between- (a) Rate of shear strain & temperature Seer, (c) Pressure, velocity & temperature (d) Shear stress & velocity [SSC-JE : 2015] 2. Fluid Pressure & its Measurement 28, Gauge pressure is equal to (a) absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure (b) absolute pressure-atmospheric pressure {c) atmospheric pressure-absolute pressure (d) atmospheric pressure-vacuum [SSC-UE : 2007] 29. Piezometer is used to measure: (a) Pressure in pipe, channels etc. (b) Atmospheric pressure (e)Verylow pressures. (d) Difference of pressure between two points [SSC-JE : 2010] 30. One torr pressure is equivalent to (a) 1atmosphere (18 (c) 10 m of water (d) 1 Pascal [SSC-JE : 2012] 31. Pressure of 80 kPa is equivalent to a head in metre of carbon tetrachloride of relative density 1.59 of the value. (a) 6.71m (o5a8 (b) 9.43 m (d) 8.32m [SSC-JE : 2012] 82. The ratio of pressures between two pints A and Blocated respectively at depths 0.5m and 2m below a constant level of water in a tank is (a) 134 (b) 1:2 (Ce (d) 1:16 [SSC-UE : 2014 (E)] +_Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery | 85. 83. Barometer is used to measure: (a) Rain level (b) Pressure in pipes and channels (c) Atmospheric pressure (d) Very low pressure [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] 34, Inmanometer a better liquid combination is one having (@):High viscosity (OLERSTERITSESIETECD (c) Low viscosity (d) Higher surface tension [SSC-E : 2015] 35. Amicro manometer with inclined tube is called as- (a) differential manometer (b) closed tube manometer (©) inverted manometer (2) sensitive manometer [SSC-JE : 2015] 36. AManometer is used to measure- (@Discharge —(Of(ERSESURSIND (c) Temperature (d) Volume [SSC-JE : 2015] Minne eed 37. Inastatic fluid (a) resistance to shear stress is small (b) fluid pressure is zero (c) linear deformation is small (C) C= [SSC-E : 2007] 38. _ Incase of rectangular lamina with side in liquid surface having depth h, the depth of centre of pressure will be (a) 2h (c) 3h2 (b) Ai2 (a) AS [SSC-JE : 2007] Hydrostatic law states that the rate of increase of pressure in vertical direction is equal to (@) fluid density _(oyfiluidisptifiewelaht (c)fuidweight (a) fluid specific gravity [SSC-JE: 2011] 39. ,SSC-JE 40. Pascal's law states that pressure at @ point is equal in all directions (a) ina liquid at rest (b) inside a solid (c) ina laminar flow boulent flow (ahin atu [SSC-VE : 2011] 41, Fora fluid at rest (a) o e shear stress is zero only on the horizontal plane (c) The shear stress is maximum on a plane inclined at 45° to the horizontal (a) The shear stress depends upon the co efficient of viscosity [SSC-YE : 2012] 42, The vertical distance of the center of pressure below the c.g. of the inclined plane area (submerged in liquid) is- (AMEND yy Jacoste AR AE Tog Asin? © ) Ar where @ = inclination of plane area, ¥ = distance of c.g. of plane area from free liquid surface [SSC-JE : 2013] QAI rectangular tank of square cross-section (2m x 2m) and height 4 m is completely filled up with a liquid. The ratio of total hydrostatic force on any vertical wall to its bottom is- (a) 2.0 (b) 1.5, (c) 1.0 (d) 0.5, [SSC-VE: 2013] When a vertical walll is subjected to pressure due to liquid on both sides, the resultant pressure is the of the tw (2) Arithmetic mean (b) Diference > (©) Geometric mean (d) Sum [SSC-VE : 2015] IF'w is the specific weight of the liquid and *h’ iquid and *h’ the depth of any point from the surface, then the pressure intensity at that point will be- eh (b) wih () hiw [SSC-JE : 2015) 44, 45. + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 47. 48. 50. 51. 52, 4. Buoyancy and Floatatior iece of metal of specific gravity 7 fg mercury of specific gravity 13.6, What frag of its volume is under mercury? (a) 08 (b) 0.4 (0) 0515 (d) 0.415 [SSC-JE : 2014 The centre of gravity of the volume ofthe displaced by an immersed body is called: (a) centroid (b) centre of gravity (c) @entrerofioueyaney (d) meta-centre Meta-centric height is the distance bet (a) meta centre and water surface (b) meta centre and centre of buoyancy (c) MOTAISERTEIARGICERITEIOS gravity (d) meta centre and centroid 4 [SSC-JE: 5. Liquids in Rigid Motion A liquid moving with constant angu momentum has tangential velocity of 1.2m 3m from axis of rotation, the tangential at 1.5 m from axis of rotation, in mis, is- (a) 0.6 (b) 3.75 (0) 5.4 (a) 6.0 ISSC-JE: The flow of water in wash basin through a cen Opening is an example of (a) Rankine vortex (bb) (SSNSHER (c) Forced vortex (d) Rotational vortex [SSC-VE; 2014 Aa ceed Equation of continuity of flow is based on eo conservation of: (0) force (c) momentum (d) energy [SSC-JE : the (a) Is steady (b) Is one dimensional (©) Velocity is uni iform at tion (a) all the cross sectiot56. 57. 58, 59, 60. 61, (o) Pascal's law (CEE [SSCE: 2010] Flow between any two stream lines : (a) (0) Increases along its path {c) Decreases along its path (¢) Is always zero [SSC-VE: 2012] streamlined body is such that- (a) it produces no drag for flow around it (0) itis symmetrical about the axis along the free stream (c) separation of flow is avoided along its surface {¢) the shape of the body coincides with the stream surface [SSC-JE : 2013] Navier-Stokes equations are associated with : (a) Buoyancy (b) Supersonic flow (0) Vortex flow ( [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] The path traced by a single particle of smoke issuing from a burning wooden stick is a: (@) Flow line (b) Stream line (c) Streak line ( [SSC-NE : 2014 (M)] A fluid is said to be ideal, ifitis- a) Inviscous and compressible (b) Viscous and compressible (c) Viscous and incompressible @) SC-JE : 2015] Continuity equation for a compressible fluid is- PA _ Poy by PAs = Pode Pr Pp ) Yio M, (CNBYANAEIBZARD (2) A, V, = Ao Vo [SSC-JE : 2015] ‘An deal flow of any fluid must fulfil the following- (a) Boundary Layer theory (b) Newton's Law of viscosity ()@ (d) Pascal's Law [SSC-JE : 2015] ‘A flow in which liquid particles has a definite Path, and the path of individual particles do not Cross each other is called jeal Engineering Paper: Objective _+ Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery ‘anideal flow of any fuid must ffl the following: (a) Steam flow Newton's law of motion (©) Turbuk i , o Newton's law of viscosity ) Turbulentfew (4) Unto tow 62, During the opening of a vaive in a pipe line, the flow is {a) Steady ( (©) Uniform (6) Free vortex ISSC-JE : 2015) BEA 63. 66. 67. All the terms of energy in Bernoulli's equation have dimension of (a) energy (c) mass (b) work mete Soe: 207 Which one of the following assumptions of Bernoulli's theorem is not correct? (a) Flow should not be unsteady (b) Flow should be continuous (c) (d) Flow should be frictionless [SSC-VE : 2008] Each term of Bernoulli's equation stated in form sssible © y= constanthas units of w 2g (a)N (b) mNikg (mu (a) mys [SSC-UE : 2011] A liquid flows from low level Z,, pressure P, toa higher level Z,, pressure P,, Itcan be concluded: (a) first law of thermodynamics has been Violated (b) second law of thermodynamics has been violated ()Z =constant (a) Z+7 29 20S meonstat =constant [SSC-JE : 2015]68. Pitot tube is used for the measurement of (b) flow (d) discharge [SSC-JE : 2009] (a) pressure (SHEED 69. _ Venturimeteris used to measure flow of fluids in pipes when pipe is: (a) Horizontal () Vertical, low downwards (6) Vertical, flow upwards (d) in any position [SSC-JE : 2010] 70. Orifice meter is used to measure — (b) average velocity (c) velocity at a point (d) pressure at a point [SSC-JE : 2011] 71. In pitottube the velocity of flow at a point is reduced to zero. That point is called as : (2) S@GRAHOABBInt (b) critical point (c) metacentre (A) equilibrium point [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] 72. Flow of water in a pipe about 3 metres in diameter can be measured by : ho (6) Venturi (0) Pitot tube (d) Nozzle [SSC-E : 2014 (E)] 73. Ina pitot tube, at the stagnation point. (a) pressure is zero (b) total energy is zero. (c) pressure head is equal to velocity (all he velocity head is ore ito pressure head [SSC-JE: 2014 (E)] 74. Thelenath ofa rectangular weiris L and height 1. The maximum depth of y (a) Q= Sou Bgut ©) 0-2. au Ape ©) O= Zou BG - Ay [SSC-JE: 2014 (E)) SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 75. 76. 7. 78. 79, 80. 81 82. MAE, The coefficient of discharge (C.,) of varies with : (a) Weber number —(b) Mach num (©) @gynlasnumbe@) Froude nung ISSC-JE : ag14 The length of the divergent portion of ve in comparison to convergent portion ig. (a) same (0) less (d) depending upon the type of flow ISSC-UE : 2014 The hot wire anemometer is used to mea (a) Liquid velocities (b) Pressure in gases (c) Discharge of gases and liquids (eEEEoES The coetticients of discharge, velocity g contraction Cz, C,, and C, are related as. ie) b) Cy = <2 (b) Cy c ISSC-JE : 2014 (y (@) C= 0,-C, (d) Cy=C, +0, ()Cy=C,xC, ISSC-JE : 2014 (Mj Notch is a device used for measuring. (2) velocity through small channels (b) rate of flow through pipes (o) innels (4) velocity through pipes Rotameter is a device used to measure- (a) Rotation (©) Absolute pressure (©) Velocity of fluia (0) CSW ISSC-JE : 2014 (Mi) A Current meter is a device for measuring: (2) Viscosity ( (c) Current (d) Pressure q [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] The coefficient of discharge of an orifice varie with (a) Mach number — (b) Weber numbe (c) Froude number (qd) (SSC-JE : 2015]echnical nsineering 3. 85. 86. 87. when Venturimeter is inclined, then for a given {low it will show- (a) Morereading —(b) (c) Lessreading (qd) Inaccurate reading [SSC-JE : 2015} The length of the divergent portion of the Venturimeter in comparison to the convergent portion is (a) Same (b) More or less depending upon the capacity (onions (a) Less [SSC-E ; 2015) Orifice meter is used for the measurement of- (a) Pressure (b) Temperature (c) Viscosity ( [SSC-JE : 2015] GEMantee Ld In flow through a pipe, the transition from Laminar to Turbulent does not depend on: (a) Density of the fluid (b) (c) Diameter of the Pipe (d) Velocity of the fluid [SSC-JE : 2012} Apipe flow is said to be laminar, if: (a) Ifthe flow velocity is above 2000 m/min (b) Ifthe flow velocity is less than 2000 m/min (cilfMREMIGWIREYROIGS RUMBERISIESs than or equal to 2000 (d) There is no heat transfer [SSC-JE : 2012] (GBI of energy due to sudden enlargement of 89, pipe cross-section in metres of waters given by: 1 wiy-we — &) 4R-) 4 tal, tyel(A 4 9 34(1-2) © aM lla, [SSC-UE : 2012] For maximum power transmission through a pipe ling, the fictional head loss equals H — oF SH H fee OF [SSC-JE: 2012] Papert: Objective. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery 90. a1. 92, | 89 Two pipe systems are said vhen in two systems tobe annie (2) Lenath of pipe and discharge are same (b) friction, factor and length are same i Length and diameter are same 012) The friction head lost due to flow of a viscous fluid through a circular pipe of length L and diameter d with a velocity v and pipe Fanr friction factor fis : _* 2 4fl v2 ie =o Se ve afl v2 () 95 () 3a 2g [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Inflow through a pipe, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow does not depend on: (2) velocity of the fluid (0) density of the fluid (eo) (d) diameter of the pipe [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] oil of kinematic viscosity 2.25 stokes flows through a 20 cm diameter pipe, the rate of flow being 15 litres/s. The flow will be- (a) Uncertain (d) Transition (c) Turbulent [SSC-UE : 2014 (M)] (BAM length of a pipe is 1000 m and its diameter is 20cm. Ifthe diameter of an equivalent pipe is 40 cm, then its length is- (a) 4000 m (b) 32000 m (c) 20000 m (d) 8000 m [SSC-VE : 2014 (M)] Loss of energy per unit volume due to friction in case of flow through a pipe of length L and diameter Dis expressed as? [SSC-VE : 2015][etoor aad Inlaminar, incompressible flow in a circular pipe, the ratio between average velocity and maximum velocity would be: ae oz 95. 1 (b) 3 1 (d) Be [SSC-JE : 2008] The flow of fluid through a pipe is laminar when (2) the fluid is ideal (b) the fluids is viscous © (d) there is a considerable lateral dispersion of smoke or dye injected into the flow stream [SSC-JE : 2011] 97. Which shear stress distribution is the correct one corresponding to the flow through a pipe of circular cross-section with parabolic velocity profile? [SSC-VE : 2012] For viscous flow between two parallel plates, the Pressure drop per unit length is equal to- (2) T2uOL/ego® (oma (©) 12n0L/0® (a) B20 J D2 (SSC-JE: 2013] GOT cischarge ota liquid of kit 4x10? mag through a 80 mr 3200 2 x 10~ m/s, The flow (a) laminar (c) transition 99. inematic viscosity Im diameter pipe is is. (0) turbulent (d) critical ISSC-UE : 2014 (E)] SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solve’ xd Papers GOMBrhe velocity distribution in 2 pipe fig parabolic if the flow is z (a) uniform, turbulent (c) non-uniform, steady (d) rotational, compressible i ISSC-UE : 20144 Loss of head due to friction in a uniform dia 102. ti pipe with viscous flow is (a) Re (b) 1/Re (0) 4iRe ( [SSC-JE : 2014 403. For laminar flow in a pipe, average velocity equal to- (8) 2U pax (D) Uae (OSU. (d) 0.25 max 4 [SSC-JE : 2014(M) number equal to 1000, 3000, 4000, 5000, Cur ve A corresponding to Reynolds number- (a) 5000 (>) 200 (GHOEMAn engine oil of viscosity 22.5 x 102 (Pa-s) is flowing through a pipe of radius 1 m. Avera velocity of oil through the pipe is 1.2 m/sec. the velocity profile is parabolic profile the maximum velocity of oil is- 3 ( (b) 1.8 m/sec (c) 1.5 m/sec (a) 3.6 m/sec P [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] (CABMP tid with kinematic viscosity 0.4 x 10-4 ms. flows through a 80 mm diameter pipe. The maximum velocity for laminar flow will be 2m (a) s can (b) < 10mm, s ost a sito [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)]mechanical Engineering Paper-!: Objective 20°C is flowing through a 20 em ipo. Take kinematic viscosity of water 108. 109. 110. 11. ‘at 20°C = 0.0101 stoke. Assume that the changes from laminar to turbulent at Re = 2320, The critical velocity will be- (a0.1t7om/s ——(b) 111.7 cm/s (0) 1.117 emis (d) 11.17 cm/s (SSC-JE : 2015] Pena 1 Shear stress in a turbulent flow is due to- {a) viscous property of the fluid (b) fluid density (0) fluctuation of velocity in the direction of flow ( ction of flow as well as transverse to it [SSC-JE : 2013) The shear stress in a turbulent pipe flow- (2) varies parabolically with radius (b) is constant over the pipe radius (0) varies according to the 1/7th power law (@)/isizeroTatthe eentrelanalinGteaBes lineariy to the wall [SSC-JE : 2013] Using Blasius equation, the friction factor for turbulent flow through pipes varies as (a) Ret (b) Res (c) Re? [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] For hydrodynamically Sffidolhboundaties, the friction factor for turbulent flow is- (a) dependent on relative roughness only (b) constant {cae °°" (d) function of Reynolds number and relative roughness [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] i mensional Analys' (GBM velocity at a point on the crest of a model dam was measured to be 1 m/s. The corresponding prototype velocity for a linear Scale ratio of 25, in mis, is : (a) 25 (b) 25 5 (d) 0.04 [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery 118, Froude’s Nur (a) i ravity force (b) inertia force and pressure force (6) inertia force and surtace tension force (d) inertia force and elastic force [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] | on ates to: 114. Euler's number relates- (a) Inertia force and elastic force (©) Inertia force and gravity force © force (d) Pressure for ind viscous force ISSC-JE: 2014 (My) (GASMAAAZND scale model of aharbour, time which Corresponds to the prototype tidal period of 12 Hrs will in Hr (a) 12 (c) 10 (b) 1 (0) 1.2 [SSC-VE : 2014 (M)] Froude number is the ratio of inertial force to- () Viscosity ( (0) Surface tension (d) Elasticity [SSC-JE : 2015] 116. ERS eee 117. With the same cross-sectional area and placed in the turbulent flow, the largest drag will be experienced by- (a) a sphere (6) a streamlined body (c) aUGiSUEPIGISEINIGIRGAAD 0 the tlow direction (d)a circular disc held parallel to the flow direction : [SSC-JE : 2013] 118, The drag coefficient is defined as (Fo H(A) (Fo H(A) © ov) ©) “eova) fo Te SRR [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] RSIMIPPESSUPEMBRee on the 15cm diameter headlight ‘of an automobile travelling at 0.25 m/s is (a) 10.4N (b) 6.8N (0) 48N (4) 3.2N [SSC-VE : 2014 (E))92 | Pa. mpulscofsets 120. What will be the maximum hydraulic efciency in case of direct impact of a jet on a series flat vanes mounted on the periphery of a large wheel? (a) 33% (c) 66% (d) Cannot be a fixed value cen [SSC-JE : 2008] The kinetic energy associated with ajet through a cross-sectional area ‘a’ having density ‘p' and velocity 'v" is () pear? @ jet [SSC-E : 2012] Ajetot water issues froma nozzle witha velocity 20 mis on a flat plate moving away from it at 10 m/s. The cross-sectional area of the jet is 0.01 m? and the density of water = 1000 kgims, The force developed on the plate in Newtons is- 121. (@) doar? 122, (a) 2000 (b) 9810 (c) 5000 (d) 7000 [SSC-uI COSIEM Sey 123. Constant efficiency curves of turbines are drawn between (on both axes) ( (b) efficiency and speed (©) efficiency and power (efficiencyandhead — ISgo-uE: 2008] 124. Speciic speed ofa centitugal Pump is defined as the speed at which the pum, asthe Pump would deliver: (b) thw (©) 1 msec (q) ( eter of head [SSC-E : 2008; 125. Francis Turbine is a (8) Axial flow (b) Ine (c) Impulse ‘turbine (4) Outward flow turbine [SSC-ve : 2008) rs SSC-JE + Toplewise Previous Solved Papel 126. 127. 128. 129, (SOMAPERGABh eel is GBA should be the ratio 132, In reaction turbine: (a ble as they leaves the runner and enters the drafy (b) the vanes are partly filled (c) total energy of fluid is converted to kn energy in the runner y (d) itis exposed to the atmosphere [SSC-JE Impulse turbine is used f (a) low head (b)qRIgHIneaa> (c) mediumhead — (d) high flow [SSC-E: Specific speed of a turbo machine (@)is the speed of a machine having y dimensions r of operation (d) depends only upon the head under the machine operates. [SSC-JE: Which type of turbine should be used if the heag on the turbine is more than 300 m? (2) Kaplan (0) Francis (CRED (d) Propeller [SSC-JE: (@) Radial flow Impulse Turbine (b) Inward flow Impulse Turbine (c) Axial flow Impulse Turbine (4) Outward flow Impulse Turbine [SSC-JE : 20% of jet speed to blad Speed for maximum efficiency of a Pelton Wheel? 1 @§ (b) 1 © (a) NI Alo [SSC-JE ; 2012] Francis Turbine is best suited for- (2) all type of heads (b) Nn from 24 to 180 t030m bove 180m reer ie je (c) lowhead (d) high head installations almechanical Engineering Papert: Objective Ina Reaction Turbine- {@) flow can be regulated without loss (p) water may be allowed to enter apart or whole of wheel circumference (¢) the outlet must be above the tail race Oeming aes ASSESSED: 2 headto head before entry torunner e [SSC-JE : 2013] Impulse Turbine is generally fitted- r ce (b) at the level of the tail race (c) slightly below the tail race (d) about 2.5 meters below the tail race [SSC-JE : 2013] 435, Theunit discharge, Q, and unit speed, N, curve for a turbine is shown in figure. Curve Bis for- 133. 134. “ | a F 8 Ly, (anraneis turbine (c) Pelton turbine (b) Kaplan turbine (d) Propeller turbine [SSC-UE : 2013] immer pressure in a pipe can be reduced by (a) using pipe of greater diameter (b) using a more elastic pipe (c) using pipe of greater wall thickness (d) increasing the velocity of pressure wave [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] 137. Ahydraulic turbine runs at. 240 rpm under a head of 9m, What will be the speed (in rpm) of the turbine if operating head is 16 m? (@s200 (b) 426 (0) 264 (d) 280 [SSC-VE : 2014 (E)] 138, Maximum theoretical efficiency of Pelton wheel is obtained when the ratio of bucket speed t0 jet speedis : (a) 0.26 (b) 0.98 (6) 0.46 (d) 0.68 [SSC-E : 2014 (©) + Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery ' 139, tai Specific speed of a turbine implies that It (a) Propeller turbine (b) Francis turbine ( (d) Kaplan turbine (SSC-JE : 2014 (E)) ey (hydraulic) discharge 34 mij ul inder a head of 8 mand an overall fic ficiency of 91%, The power developed in MW * (a) 432 (b) 3.24 (c) 243 (0) 2.34 [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] [Ee impulse turbine with a diameter a runs at 3000 rpm. If the blade speed 142. 143, 144. 145. ratio is 0.42, the inlet velocity of steam will be- (a) 900 m/s * (b) 80 m/s (c) 200 mis (d) 450 m/s [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] The degree of reaction of a Kaplan turbine is : {a) equal to 1 (b) equal to 380 (c) greater than zero but less than 1/2 ( 1 ae: : 2014 (M)] ‘Any change in load is’adjusted by adjusting following parameters on turbine (QED —_(0) Absolute velocity (0) Blade velocity (d) Net head [SSC-JE : 2015] Kaplan turbine- (a) has poor part-load efficiency (b) is used where high head is available (c) has inlet adju: vanes (d) es [SSC-JE : 2015] ‘The speed of animaginary turbine, identical with the given turbine, which will develop @\ unit power under unit head, is known as- (a) Normal speed (b) Abnormal speed (c) Speciticspeed (d) Unit speed [SSC-VE : 2015]em re ee 446. In a centrifugal pump, the liquid enters the pump: (a) at the top (b) at the bottom (c) G@HRBIESAHEND (d) None of the above [SSC-JE : 2009] In general, the vanes of a centrifugal pump are (2) curved forward (‘s)J6URVERIbaGKWATG) (©) radial (d) twisted [SSC-JE : 2011] 147. Centrifugal pump is started with its delivery valve (a) Kept fully open (b) Kept 50% open (c) Irrespective of any position (d) Kept fully closed [SSC-UE : 2012] Ke, rors we weg ston: about Centitigal are (a) Power is proportional to Speed? (b) Head is proportional to Diameter? (c) Discharge is proportional to Diameter (d) Head is proportional to Speed? [SSC-JE : 2012] 148. 150. In a Centrifugal Pump, the liquid enters the pump: (a) Atthe bottom — (b)UARIABIBBntre (c) From the sides (d) At the top [SSC-JE : 2012] 151. Head developed by a centrifugal pump depends on- (a) Impeller diameter (b) Speed (c) Type of casing Q@RAGYAbove [SSC-JE : 2013] 182. For small discharge at high pressure following pump is preferred (a) Mixedflow (©) Axial flow (d) Centrifugal [SSC-JE : 2013] In general, the vanes of a centrifugal pump are- (@) curved forward (b) curved backward. (c) radial (d) twisted ISSC-JE : 2013) 153, SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers é 154, Air vessel is used in a reciprocating ap 155. 156. 187. 158. 159, obtain- (a) reduction of suction head (b) rise in delivery head (c) (d) increase in supply of water 7 [sscve; reciprocating pump is [N—> we (a) Q= ALN (! (c) Q=2ALN60 = (d) Q= 2ALN [SSC-JE: The specific speed (N,) of a centrifugal p is given by : NVQ qc (2) yas He N. nya onr Oe by- (a) by, oh Qatiom Where, D = Diameter of impeller at inlet. Width of impeller at inlet. V, = Velocity of flow at inlet [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)} Multistage certriftugal pumps are used to obial high : (a) Pumping of viscous fluids (b) Discharge (c)Head (d) Efficiency [SSC-JE : 2014 ( The efficiency of a centrifugal pump is maximutl when its blades are: (a) Bent forward first and then backward (b) Bent forward (c) Bent backward (d) Bent backward first and then forward (SSC-VE : 2016el panical Engineering Paper-|: Objective med a centitugal pump casing, the flow of water _ We weaving the impeller is (a) Recilinear flow {p) Free vortex motion (peed [SSC-JE : 2015] i | pumps. void cavitation in centritugal p ie ie belvery pressure should be high (b) Suction pressure should be low {¢) Delivery pressure should be low JE : 2015] + Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery \ 95 162. The ratio of actual measured head to head imparted to fluid by impeller for a centrifugal Pump is known as: (a) Volumetric (c) Mechanical n (d) Impeller 1, ISSC-JE : 2015} 113. (@) 114, (0) =~ 118.) 118. (b) 121. (b) 122, («) 128. fay 124. (¢) 129. (c) 130. (*) «131. (*) 182. (b) 137. (a) 138, () 138. (co) 140. (0) 146, (oc) 147. (b) 148. (9) 154, (c) 185. (b) 156. (5) 181. (4) 462, (b) 183. (o) 69. (d) 70. (a) 71. (a) 72. (a) 77. (d) 78. (©) 7% (©) 80. (4) 85. (a) 86. (b) 87. (c) 88. (*) 93. (bd) 94. (db) 95. (*) 96. (@) 401. (b) 102. (d)_—-103. (c)__ 104. (b) 409. (d) 110. d) 114. ©) 112. (©) 417. (c) 118. (@)— 119. (b) 120. (b) 425, (b) 126. (a) 127. (bo) 128.(b) 433. (d) 134. (a)—135. (@) 196. (a) 441. (a) 142, (d)— 148. (a) 144. (0) 449. (*) 150. (b) 181. (d) 182. (b) 457. (d) 188. (c) 189. (c) 160. (c) wil MDie Mass density of liquid, p = me Mass Volume = kgim? Bulk modulus of elasticity increases with the pressure Kcotnermal k, Saciabatic = oc0s6. 2nr= nr2h 20cos@ _ 4ncosé 19 ‘dw [sera] By on, hn 896288. te aw wd Where 0 is angle of contact. p = Density of fluid o = Surface tension d= Diameter of capillary tube h = Rise or fall of head w= Specific weight of fluid Go) As per law of fluid friction for steady streamline flow, the frictional resistance does not depend on pressure, instead depends upon viscosity of fluid i.e. viscous forces between two adjacent layers of fluid, Ee An ideal flow of any fluid must satisfy the continuity equation. Gc The flow which neglects changes ina transverse direction is known as one-dimensional flow. Cl The force of attraction between the molecules of a liquid by virtue of which they are bound to each other to remain as one assemblage of particles is known as the force of cohesion. This Property enable the liquid to resist tensile stress. SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Evins Ge) P Dynamic 4 Kinematic viscosity, v = yynamic viscosity (f Density () Unit > m/s ome Compressibility, B= + From conservation of mass, mass (m) = constg pV = constant [As m= | pdV+ Vap = 0 4 av _ op ve i (2 | = pate | Bulk modulus, (K)is reciprocal of compressibilly 1_ oP BY dp Te i For pseudo-plastic substances, cof]. nc > ie. these are non-Newtonian fluids for which dynamic viscosity decreases as the rate of sheet increases. Tl) ‘An ideal fluid is both incompressible and non- viscous. El Pascal seconds the unit of the dynamic viscosity Unit of pressure = Nim? (Pa) Unit of kinematic viscosity = m?/s Unit of surface tension = N/m (Pa-m) @ Itis aideal fluid which is incompressible irrotational and non-viscous (inviscid), which is used in» Continuity equation and Bernoulli equation. Hence when a fluid is in motion, the pressure at a points ‘same in al directions then the fluid is ideal fuid.mechanical Engineering Paper Objective it is the property of cohesion due to which mercury does not wet the glass surface. kX GG) Pure water Mercury Because of high cohesive forces among molecules of mercury, they dominate over adhesive force blw glass plate molecules and mercury molecules, resulting in non-wetting of the glass surface. ie mL ay Shear stress value at y= 015m, 0.15 au| oy bh ly=0.15m = 8x10" kgimsec. [1-2y "> msim = 0.8 x (1-0.80) = 0.56 Nim? A hydrometer is an instrument that is used to determine the specific gravity (relative density) of the liquids. For water droplets, the pressure difference inside and outside of a curved surface is 20 40 ape ag cis surface tension dis diameter of.droplet where, a Te Surface tension 1 stoke = 1 m/sec Force per unit length (7) CL. Units = (MLT? L""] = [MLO] Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery When the capillary tube is dipped in some liquid, {he liquid wil rise and reach to the top due to Surface tension, and ifthe connecting tubes are : of small length, there will be no oscilation of the eniSCUs, as the viscous forces will dampen out the oscillation at the top edge. u For a oylindrical glass tube, the capillary rise (h) is given by 2, of 322 *) = ndocos® . 4ocose ~ pgd Where, Angle of contact p = Density tension Surface tension Diameter of curvature of glass tube Tangential velocity, V= 3 m/s Discharge, Q = 3 m‘s Distance, r= 1.8m Torque = Moment of momentum (9Q)xVxr = (1000 x 3) x 3x 1.8 = 16200 N-m . (b) 1 Poise = 1 glom-sec = 0.1 kg/m-sec Rate of change of moment of momentum represents the torque applied by the fluid. Force is rate of change of momentum. Hence the moment of rate of change of momentum about a point is called the torque or , moment of momentum is the angular momentum, hence the rate of change of angular momentum is torque. Hydrometer is an instrument that measures specific gravity (relative density) of the liquids.SSC-JE_* Topicwise Previ Eme for Newtonian fluid, au _). teb5ye sls t or stress « strain rate > te > So, the stress-strain relation is linear. (b), Newton's law of viscosity au _,, Baye at Itis.a relationship between shear stress and rate of shear strain. AS 2 shows rate of shear strain, Ew Gauge pressure = Absolute pressure — atmospheric pressure Emo Piezometer is a device which is used to measure liquid pressure in a system by measuring the height to which a column of the liquid rises against gravity. It can be used for measuring low and moderate pressures of liquid. 1 4 torr = ——alm= 1mm of mercury "= 760 y Itis used to measure small pressures. (e), Pressure of 80 kPa is equivalent to gh 80 x 10° = (1.59 x 1000) x 9.81 xh h=5.13m Head in metre of carbon tetrachloride 43m ‘A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure ious Solved Papers VF inmanometer a better liquid combina having lower surface tension. Since mang ig-an instrument which measures the org ofaliquid or gas while at est, 80 charac of liquid used in manometer are: 1. Low viscosity 1 2. Low surface tension 4 3. Liquid should have high boling poi should not get vapourized. 4, The liquid should stick to the walls of the 3) ‘An inclined tube manometer used for ace measurement, is called sensitive mano is one which uses an inclined tube to me mall pressure change. Its resolution is 4 times more than vertical manometers. Eo A manometer is a device which is uset measure the pressure of a column of liquid a In a static fluid, shear stress |S zero and 0 normal stresses can exist. For shear stress {il should be in motion and it should be visee El For a rectangular lamina, ae “2 A=bh bh® fos = Depth of pressure, Agp _ h, bh /12 a arr bhx = 2echanicelEngineering _ Pap pan Hydrostatic law states that the rate of increase of pressure in vertical dection is equal to fluid specific weight. aP. ie G79 az oe Pascal law states that pressure at a point is equal in all directions in a liquid at rest For a fluid at rest, the shear stress is zero. If shear stress is applied on fluid, the fluid deformation continues, leading to motion of the tid Aste wyu=0 3t=0 =. loose _ Tug, = COE Iog.sin? 8 AE Sothe vertical distance of the centre of pressure below the c.g. of the inclined plane area (submerged in liquid), & Fep7) Iog sin?’ ® AE where, @= inclination of plane area ¥ = distance of c.g. of plane area from free liquid surface. GG Total hydrostatic force on any vertical wall F= pghx A, = pg «(Je x4) Total hyctrostatic force on bottom, Fa= pghxAg = pgx4x (2x2) fatio, = = POXARxA) _ Fa ~ pgxd(2x2) Objective + Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery \ 99 Cm ; When a vertical wall is subjected to pressure due to liquid on both sides, the resultant Pressure is the difference of the two, as the two Pressure forces will be opposing each other. ome Pressure intensity at any point at ‘h’ distance of depth from the surface = pgh wh where w= pgis specific weight of liquid, Cle) Weight of metal piece = Buoyant force Pm: VO= Pig: Vy 9 7x 1000x V= 13.6 x 1000x V, Y alae (°); The centre of gravity of the volume of the liquid displaced by an immersed body is called centre of Buoyancy. ta) Metacentric height (GM) is the distance between meta centre and centre of gravity. Stable equilibrium Metacentric height, GM = BM- 8G itis ameasurement ofthe stability ofa floating body. Unstable equilrium100| EE ‘Aree vortex motion is that in which the fluid mass rotates without any external force being impressed onit. In this motion the whole of the moving mass of fluid rotates either by virtue of some internal action or due to rotation previously imparted to it. ‘The flow of water in wash basin through a central ‘opening is an example of free vortex motion. EG Equating of continuity of flow is a based on the principle of conservation of mass. Ea, The equation of continuity holds good when : 1. The flow is steady. 2. The flow is one-dimensional. 3. The flow velocity is uniform at all the cross- ‘An ideal flow of any fluid must fulfill continuity sections. equation. 54. [Oy Flow between any two streamlines remains the same because mass contained between any two stream lines remains the same throughout the flow field. ‘A streamlined body is such that the shape of the body coincides with the stream surface. Ema “The basic equations which govern the motion ofincompressible viscous fluid in laminar motion are called as Navier-Stokes equations. So Navier-Stokes equations are associated with viscous flow. The path traced by a single particle of smoke issuing from a burning wooden stick is path line ‘An ideal fluid is one which is inviscous and incompressible. SSC-JE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers ome 7 Continuity equation for a compressible ty dl PA, Vy = Po Ae Vo % Em! Anideal flow of any fluid must fuffill the contin, equation. oe During the opening of a valve in a pipeline, flow is unsteady as the flow varies gradually time. Ea As per Bernoulli's equation, 2 (E +My 2) = Constant pg 29 {All terms have dimension of length. (c), ‘Assumption of Bernoulli theorem are: Flow should be laminar Flow should be inviscid (frictionless) Flow should be irrotational Flow should be steady 5. Flow should be incompressible @) Each term of Bernoulli's equation stated in for Aopa 2 Y ,, y constant has units of metre (m). w "2g Pp 7 ih; Flow takes place from high total energy to lo total eneray i.e. ifa liquid flows from low level 4 to a higher level Z,, then pressure P, at lowel level must be greater than pressure P, at higher level (P,> Py)mechanical Engineering Paper-1; Objective ome Bernoull’s equation in per unit weight PY 2 = Constant w 29 where, P= Pressure V= Velocity of fluid flow w = Specific weight of fluid Z = Height trom reference plane g = Acceleration due to gravity te), oe tube is used for the measurement of velocity. The point just before the pitot tube at which velocity reduces to zero, is called stagnation point at which pressure is called stagnation pressure. me Venturimeter is used to measure flow of fluids in pipes when the pipe is in any position, Orifice meter is an instrument used to measure discharge through a pipe. 71 a) In pilot tube, the velocity of flow at a point is reduced to zero, that pointis called as stagnation point and pressure at this point is called stagnation pressure. a) Flow of water in a pipe about 3 meters in diameter can be measured by orfice plate, as it is difficult to construct venturimeter of size of such large diameter pipe. ica), In a pitot tube, at the stagnation point, the Velocity of the fluid is zero, hence all the velocity head is converted into pressure head. For rectangular weir, discharge (or flow rates is given by none : 3 O= Zest Bgh?!? Lis length of weir His maximum depth of water on the Upstream side of the weir ,'8 coefficient of discharge where, For measurement of discharge through orifice, we have : O= CA, 208 or, Q= KoA J2gaH where K, is flow coefficient of the orifice meter = f, (Reynolds number, 92 A, So, coefficient of discharge (c,) of an orifice varies with Reynold’s number. 3} The length of divergent portion of venturimeter is more in comparison to the convergent portion, in order to reduce the possibility of flow separation by keeping the expansion angle very small thus providing large length to divergent portion. mi The hot wire anemometer, which is used to measure the instantaneous velocities of fluid flow, is based on the dependency ‘of the sensor (gauge) heat transfer on the fluid velocity, temperature and composition. {9 Coefficient of discharge, Cy= Cx Oy Where G, is coefficient of contraction Cis coefficient of velocity. Notches are used for measuring the rate of flow of liquid in small channels, ‘A rotameter is a device that measure the flow rate of fluid in a closed tube.fae A current meter measures point velocity in the cross section of an open channel. Itis mechanical device, consisting of a rotating element the rotational speed of which, when immersed in a flow, is a measure of the velocity of the flow. where, C, = Coefficient of discharge C., = Coefficient of discharge of infinite Reynolds number Re = Reynola’s number Thus the coefficient of discharge of an orifice depends upon Reynolds number. Gale) When venturimeter is inclined, then for a given flow it will show same reading. Ee The length of the divergent portion of the venturimeter is more as compared to that of the convergent portion, as there are chances of flow separation due to adverse pressure gradient in the divergent portion, so the angle is kept low (5°-8°) giving it larger length. cas Orifice meter is a measuring instrument which is used to measure rate of flow of liquid. Inflow through a pipe, the transition from laminar to turbulent depend on Reynold's number Re = PVD u So does not depend on length of the pipe. Gal A pipe flow is said to be laminar if the fl Reynolds number is less than or equal 10 2000, cee Head loss due to sudden enlargement of pipe cross-section, hye = Miva? 2g SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers We know, A, Vj = Ap Vp Cee) For maximum power transmission through a line, frictional head loss, re LB where H = Available head. Ela ‘Two pipe systems are said to be equivalent wig in two systems, head loss and discharge same. Friction head loss, (4f)Lv? 29d Lis length of pipe dis diameter of pipe Tis pipe fanning friction factor Where Inflow through a pipe, the transition from lam to turbulent flow depends upon the Reynold number and Re = PVD u So, itdoes not depend upon length ofthe pl ie) Diameter of pipe, D = 20cm Rate of flow, Q = 1.5 litre 1.5 x 103 ms Kinematic viscosity, v .25 stokes = 2.25 omis We know, a= Zpe.y 4 15x 1035 ax (0.20°v V= 0.0478 m/sMechanical Engineering vO _ 0.0478 x0.20 vo 2.25x 10 = 42.48 since the Reynolds number less than 2000. So the flow through the pipe is laminar, ‘second Method: Re = 4a Dy 4x1.5x10% © X0.20x 2.25 x10 = 42.28 Re = For equivalent pipe, using Dupuit's equation, we have + 4 wy 7 -|# ae L 1000 or (0.40% ~ 0.20% L = 32000m So, the length of equivalent pipe is 32000 m Friction head loss, = Ak? 1” 29D Loss of energy per unit volume due to 2 Friction, E, = = gn, = SOE As no option matches, but option (4) i.e. (anitpv? 2gD ae Inlaminar, incompressible flow in a circular pipe, is nearest. Ya Ugg = SE Ua 1 Se ios I = 0, Ratio= TM => The flow of fluid through a pipe is laminar when Reynold's number is less than 2000. Paper-l: Objective + Fluid Mechanics and Fluld Machinery | 108 For the flow through a pipe of circular croeee section with parabolic velocity profile, shear stress, x = (-22), ax JB > ter Shear stress distribution. Ege) For viscous flow between two parallel plates, the pressure drop per unit length AP _ 10 Le where Dis the distance between two parallel plates. a) Discharge, Q= 3200n x 10 mis Diameter, D= 80mm Kinematic viscosity, v= 4x10? mis po 122 (42),.2 ery ~(aoF)*v _ 4%3200nx10% 4 “-ex0.080 4x10 = 400 Since Reynolds number is less than 2000, so the flow is laminar. The velocity distribution in a pipe flow is parabolic if the flow is uniform, steady and laminer. Velocity V>\Gistibuion | |+ 7Shear stress ]| 7 aisinouton (a=) andSSCJE + Loss of head due to friction, n= 28 1” Re For laminar flow in a pipe, Yrrae Average velocity, Upg = “Be = 0-5 Unax Curve Ais parabolic, depicting laminar flow, SO the Reynold's number would be lowest among the options, i.e. 1000. Since the velocity profile is parabolic. So maximum velocity, Unax = 2 Uaug =2x12=24m/s re i For laminar flow, Re < 2000 vo _, Vx0.080 Re = 2 _, Vx0080 Vv 0.4 x10 4 5 ve oon oe aa < 2000 as20 = Wex200m 0.01010m"/s (2 1 Stoke = 1 cm?/s) Vo = 1.1716 mis where V, is the critical velocity. Shear stress in a turbulent flow is due to fluctuation of velocity in the direction of flow as well as transverse to it. ‘Turbulent shear stress is expressed by du ty, where 7 is eddy viscosity. Topicwise Previous Solved Papers aia Turbulent shear stress varies linearly with rag and can be expressed as 4 «ore r=0,t=0 =Rt= Atcentre, ‘At pipe boundary, Edie Using Blasius equation, the friction factor i turbulent flow through pipes is given by 0.316 foe Re? @ The friction in pipe having turbulent flow de upon 0.316 Rey Froude's number (eee Gravity force Fre vat So, Froude’s number relates inertia force al gravity force.be Inertia force Euler number = [rescure force pve _ Vv. = ape” [ar 7 Thus, Euler's number relates inertia force and pressure force. Given: Inertia force Gravitation force _v Also, Aaa Froude Number = With the same cross-sectional area and placed in the turbulent flow, the largest drag will be experienced by a circular disc held normal to the flow direction. i Drag coefficient, Fo O.5pvgA Where Fis total drag force Ais characteristic area of the body Pressure force on headlight, F, = Cox paVv? 0 XG PAV = that 23 xH (18) x(025F (Taking Cp = 1) = 6.79N~6.8N 001m vy. Efficiency of the wheel, 1 = Qutbutof jet Input of jet aviv 1 peavivy For a given jet velocity V, the efficiency is maximum if a an au =° an _ 2V-2u) 9 du ve 0.5 or 50% Kinetic energy associated with a jet through a cross-sectional area'‘a' having density p, velocity ne Velocity of jet, V = 20 m/s Velocity with which plate moves, u = 10 mis V=20ms| v=10ms Plate pAlv— uy? 4000 x 0.01(20- 10)? = 10 100 = 1000N No option is correct, but if instead of a single plate, there were series of plates, then Force on the plate would have been, F= pav(v-u) = 1000%0,01 x 20(20-10) = 2000N Constant efficiency curves of turbines are drawn between power and speed. NXSpecific speed of a centrifugal pump is defined as the speed at which the pump would deliver unit discharge in a unit time through a unit of head. So best suitable answer will be option 'd’ Note: = 1 msec. Eye) Francis turbine is a inward radial flow type of turbine. Modern Francis turbine is a mixed flow type, in which water enters the runner radially through its outer periphery and leaves axially at its centre. Ee In reaction turbine, kinetic energy is appreciable as the fluid leaves the runner and enters the draft tube. Draft tube convert this kinetic energy into useful pressure energy. aw Impulse turbine is used for high head. Ee Specific speed of a turbo machine is a term which is used to describe the geometry (shape) rather than the size of the machine. Pelton turbine should be used if the head on the turbine is more than 300 m. (oy ‘A pelton wheel is a tangential impulse turbine. For maximum efficiency of a Pelton wheel, ratio the ratio of of jet speed to blade speed = " = jet speed to blade. As Pp Francis turbine is best suited for medium head application from 24 to 180m. uit yap corre 2 77D" correct answer is ‘2 SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers ischarge is taken in m°/s 1000 kg/sec ~ Via) In a reaction turbine, there is only. energy as well as kinetic energy. Ea! Impulse turbine is generally fitted litte, tall race Tae) a), The water hammer pressure in a pipe cé reduced by 1. Controlling and slowing valve and p\ operations. 2. Reducing velocities by using large diametét_ pipes. A 3. Using pipe materials with lower elast modulus, Sag = 240x = 320 rpm So, the speed (in rpm) of the turbine is 320.mechanical Engineering _ Papert: Objective Maximum efficiency of Pelton wheelis obtained when a =0.5, but actual maximum theoretical efficiency occurs when the value of u is about 0.46 ie. the ratio of bucket speed to jet speed is 0.46. pe Low specific speed of a turbine implies the itis impulse turbine Turbine impuse turbine Frans tine [Ketan ae propa ine ‘Specific Speed 810.30 4010420 380 to 950 Discharge, 34 m/s, Head, H= 8m Overall efficiency, 1 = 91% _Power developed(?) a pQgH 0.91 x 1000 x 34 x 8 x 9.81 =P > P= 2428171.2W = 2.43 MW Diameter, D = 120m Speed, N = 3000 rpm Blade speed ratio, p = 0.42 RON _ %x120x3000 “60 10060 = 188.5 m/s u p= S=042 . 188.5 0.42 = 450 mis ta The degree of reaction of a kaplan turbine is greater than ; butless than 1, howeverit varies considerably, + Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery wi Flow is the parameter in turbine which is adjusted in order to adjust any change in load. (a Kaplan turbine has adjustable runner blades and thus has high part load efficiency and is used where low head is available. He Specific speed (Nis the speed of an imaginary turbine, identical with the given turbine, which will develop a unit power under unit head, NP pe l107 Haw Inacentrifugal pump, the liquid enters the pump at the centre from where liquid flows radially through the blades and is delivered to the tank through delivery tube. b) In general, the vanes of a centrifugal pumped are curved backward. 48. 1 Centrifugal pump is started with its delivery value is kept fully closed. ac) For centrifugal pump, 4. Qe ND 2. He N20? Pa pgQH= pg HND® 3. or Pe pg N° DS From above relations, both (a) and (c) are wrong statement. [ 30. (3) Inacentrifugal pump, the liquid enters the pump at the centre, from where it moves radially outward through the blades and is pumped to the delivery tank.SSC-JE + Topicwi “108 | y a centrifugal pump Head developed b} eed depends on impeller diameter (D) and spi of rotation (N). For small discharge at high pressure, reciprocating pump is preferred. , In general, the vanes of a centrifugal pump are curved backward. (9, Air vessel is used in a reciprocating pump in order to obtain a continuous supply of liquid at a uniform rate. Its other purpose is to. reduce acceleration pressure head to both suction and delivery pipes. Ee Discharge through a single-acting pump, _ ALN ~ 60 For a double-acting pump, 2ALN O= em ae The specific speed (N) of a centrifugal pump is given by NVQ He N, ise Previous Solved Papers MADE ea Discharge (Q) of a centrifugal pump Where, D = Diameter of impeller at inlet” b = Width of impeller at inlet V,= Velocity of flow at inlet A multistage centrifugal pump consists of or more identical impellers mounted on th shaft and enclosed in the same casing. Alfth. impellers are connected in series, so that iq discharged with increased pressure from One| impeller passes through the Connecting passages to the inlet of the next impeller ands | on, thus, used to obtain higher heads. EEA) The efficiency of a centrifugal pump is maxi when its blades are bent backward. - Ea In a centrifugal pump casing, the flow of water leaving the impeller is forced vortex motion, aa Itthe pressure at the inlet of the centrifugal pump falls below vapour pressure, then cavitation occurs. So, in order to avoid cavitation in pentigal Pumps, suction pressure should be Nat i For a centrifugal pump, Manometric efficiency, Nn = 5 Actual measured head lead imparted to fiuid by impellerrenTaias Porirua ne ere 6 4, Fatigue of a component is due to (a)ggyeligoady (b) static load (c) constant heating (d) collision [SSC-UE : 2014 (E)] 2, Which strength of the material is to be considered for design of a ductile component under cyclic load? (a) Utimate strength (0) Yield strength o (a) Fracture strength (SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] 2. Cotter and Knuckle Joint & 3. Acotter joint is used to connect rods which are in {@) Compression only b> )\TERBIORIERIEGMPIE ssion only (c) Shear only (d) Tension only [SSC-JE: 2015] 9. 3.Welded and Riveted Joint 4. Ina single V-butt welds, the angle between edges is kept about (a) 2010 40" (6) 7010 90° (COED [SSC-JE : 2012] @ The thickness of a boiler plate is 16 mm, the diameter of rivet used in the boiler joint is: (a) 24mm (b) 28mm (©) 10 mm (d) 20mm: [SSC-UE : 2012] (d) 10 to 20° 10. Paper - 1: Objective Machine Design The shear strength, tensile strength and, Compressive strength of a rivet joint are 100 N, 120 Nand 150 N respectively. If strength of the unrivetted plate is 200 N, the efficiency of rivet jointis (a) 60% (©) 80% (b) 75% (Qo [SSC-UE : 2012] (GMB shearing strength of a rivet in 50 Nimm?. If the diameter of the rivet is doubled, then its shearing strength will be (a) 100 N/mm? (b) 200 Nimm® (c) 50 Nimm? (d) 300 Nimm2 [SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] Rivets are generally specified by- (a) Diameter of head (b) Thickness of plates to be riveted (0) Length of rivet (q]Nominalatamnete [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] BAU Pea dae ‘Acme threads are generally used in- (a) railway carriage couplings (b) spindles of bench vices (c)SereWeUtAGlathes (d) feed mechanism of machine tools [SSC-VE : 2013] For a screw, the angle of helix (a) is related to the lead (L) and mean screw thread diameter (d)as- d (a) tana= 4 (b) tana = 7 cfm (a) tena = ¥2 [SSC-JE : 2013]110 SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers ‘mane Bro enka | 11, For a key to be equally strong in shearing and crushing, the width of the key, assuming that the allowable crushing stress is twice the allowable shear stress, should be- (a) 2.5 times its thickness (b) 2 times its thickness (c) 1.5 times its thickness (cNBGUSIRGTSHAIGRBess © [SSC-JE: 2013] Ce Ati athe 12. Creep ina belt occurs due to (a) weak material of the belt (b) weak material of the pulley (c) improper crowning (d) uRIEVERIBORIRECHOR BAGIERTE sion of the belt [SSC-JE : 2007] 13. In belt drives, the centrifugal tension (a) reduces the speed of driven wheel (0) relueesicionbeweentmeyt 2nd putey tim (c) reduces the driving power (d) reduces the lengthening of belt under tension [SSC-JE : 2007] 14. Creep in belt is due to (a) material of the pulley (b) material of the belt (c) larger size of driver pulley (€) (VERTERERSIONSTANACoAIARIOns due to varying tension [SSC-JE : 2009] 15. For maximum power transmitted by belt, the maximum permissible tension in the belt is: (a) Equal to centrifugal tension (b) Twice the centrifugal tension (c) Thrice the centrifugal tension (d) Four-times the centrifugal tension [SSC-E : 2010] (GBD For a flat open-belt drive, the belt speed is 880 m/min and the power transmitted is 22.5 kW. What is the difference between the tight side and slack side tensions of the belt drive? (a) 9000 N (b) 6450 N (c) 1540N (d) 1000N [SSC-VE : 2011] 17. (GASES er unit length of the belt of an open, 20. 21. The power transmitted by means of depends upon " (a) velocity of the belt (b) tension on the belt at (c) arc of contact between the belt ang smaller pulley thy (aVAllithe above [SSC-JE £20 ‘The difference between tensions on thetgh slack slides of a belt drive is 3000 N. If they speedis 15 m/sec, the transmitted power i is (a) 45 (b) 22.5 (c) 90 (d) 100 [SSC-E : 20; drive is 1.5 kg/m. If the linear velocity of the bet is 10 mis and radius of driving pulley 0.5m, centrifugal tension in the belt is: (a) 150N * (b) 600 N j (c) 400N (d) 300 N 3 [SSC-E: 2012 The angle of Vee belts is- (a) 30° (b) 35° (OD (a) 45° [SSC-JE : 201, The sum of the tensions when the beltis running on the pulley is- (a) less than the initial tension (b) more than the initial tension (C)ORENEREWICENABHiial tension J (d) half the initial tension [SSC-WI @BWrension in the tight side of a belt drive is 100. 23. and that in the slack side 60N. Ifthe belt bread? is 10 cm and thickness 4 om, what is the maximum stress induced in the belt- (a) 2.5 Nicm? (b) 1.5 N/em? ’ (c) 4Nicm® (d) 2N/om? [SSC-vE : 2013] Creep in belt drive is due to: (a) weak material of the belt (b) weak material of the pulley re the belt when it passes from tight to slack side (d) expansion of the belt [sso-vE : 2014 (EN)Mechanical Engineering 24. 25. 26. a. Which one of the following drives Is used for transmitting power without slip? (a) Belt drives (b) Rope drives (c)Cone pulleys (A) (SSC-J 2014 (E)) The power transmitted by a belt is maximum when the maximum tension in the belt compared to centrifugal tension is- (a) 35 times (b) 2times CED — (9) 4 limes [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)] Fan belt in automobiles is : (a) E-Section Vbelt (0) A three layer flat belt (¢) Afive layer fat belt @) ISSC-UE : 2014 (M)] The included angle for the V-belt is usually- (alBOOAONH — (b) 10° to 20° (c) 60°10 80° (d) 20° 030° [SSC-UE : 2015] 28. Which of the following clutches is positive type? (2) Cone (b) Disc ( (6) Centrifugal ‘7 [SSC-JE : 2009] Assertion (A) : A clutch is the best means to connect a driving shaft with a driven shaft for regular power transmission Reason (R):A clutch can be frequently engaged and disengaged at operator's will (a) Both (a) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (a) (b) (2) true, but (R) is false (0) (R)is true, but (a) is false {@) Bolh(a) and (R) are true and (A) isthe correct explanation of (a). [SCE : 2012] The inner and outer radius of friction surface of 4 plate clutch are 50 mm and 100 mm fespectively, What is the ratio of maximum intensity of pressure to minimum intensity of Pressure on clutch plate if magnitude of axial force is 4 kN? Assume uniform wear theory. ea (0) 2 6 (@) 8 [SSC-VE:2012] Paper-t: Objective 31. 32, lan ‘Which of the following statements isolator couplings? (a) Couplings are meant for transmitting torque (b) Couplings keep the mating shafts in alignment (0) Couplings are used in shafts (4) Couplings connect parallel shatts [SSC-JE : 2013) The device which permits the connection and disconnection of shaft is- (a) Bearing (b) Connector (CHM (0) Puley [SSC-JE : 2014 (M)]} +_Machine Design 33, 34, 35. 36. 37. Lewis equation in spur gear design applied to: (a) Gear (b) Stronger of the pinion or gear (c) (@) Pinion [SSC-E: 2012] From the Lewis equation F,, = f.p.y.b, the strength factor of the gear is given by the product: (a () py (c) pb (a) tb [SSC-JE : 2012] In wheel and differential axle, the velocity ratio is given by- [SSC-JE : 2013] The efficiency in case of worm gear drives is generally in the range of- (a) 10-25 percent -(b) 40-60 percent (C\GOROBEREM (4) 70-85 percent [SSC-JE : 2013] The minimum required centre distance of two mating spur gears is decided based on: (ofiBenicinglStentTOrInEIGeaeeteral (o) Surface compressive strength of the gear material (c) Fatigue strength of the gear material (d) Ultimate strength of the gear material ISSC-JE : 2015]u2/ Why is gear teeth made harder? (a) To avoid pitting 38, (c) To avoid tensile strength (d) To avoid abrasion [SSC-JE : 2015] GGBMIte triction torque, transmitted in case of flat pivot bearing for uniform ratio of wear is equal fa (@) nA (b) Suwa (o qua om [SSC-JE : 2008] 40. A sliding bearing which can support steady load n between the journal and the bearing is called (a) Boundary lubricated bearing (b) Zero film bearing (c) Hydrodynamic lubricated bearing « [SSC-JE : 2012] 41. Which of the following is antifriction bearing? ( (b) Pedestal bearing (c) Collar bearing (d) Hydrostatic bearing (SSC-JE : 2014 (E)] (be) 4. (by @ 12 (a (a) 20. (0) @ 28 @) (©) 36 (oy (c) 44. (by SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 42. 43. 45, 13, at. 29, 37, 45. correct? Fri (a) Directly proportional to the pressure (©) Proportional to the speed of rotation (c) Inversely proportional to the viscosity g lubricant (d) Independent of the area In railway axle boxes, the bearing used is. (a) Double row self-aligning ball bearing (b) Double row spherical roller bearing (c) (d) Deep groove ball bearing The cone angle of a pivot bearing is increas by 2%. The maximum load carying capacity the bearing will increase by- 4 (a) 0.05% (0) 0.5% (d) 1% [SSC-JE : 2015} | Which ofthe following bearings can take wo thrust loads: (a) i (b) Fillng-Notch ball bearing i (0) Selt-aligning ball bearing (d) Deep-Grove ball bearing | [SSC-E : 2015] (a) 6. (d) 7 (b) (b) 14. (d) 15. (c) (22. (@ 23, () 30. (b) at. a) @ 38 () 39 (a) (a)