Febin Johnson

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KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES
 Mutual acceptance
 Communication and decision making
 Motivation and productivity
 Control and organization

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 It is characterized by members sharing
information about themselves and getting to
know each other
 Tests one another's opinions by discussing
subjects that have little do with the group
 At this stage members may have little
arguments and feud a bit as they explore one
another's views on various issues
 When the discussion becomes serious, the
group is moving to the next stage of
development
KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES
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 Members discuss their feelings of more
openly and agree on group goals and
individual roles in the group

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES

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 Members cooperate, help each other, and
work toward accomplishing tasks
 The members are highly motivated and may
carry out their task creatively

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES

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 The group work effectively toward
accomplishing its goals
 At this stage, the group is mature and
members work together and are flexible,
adaptive, and self correcting

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES

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KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN
STUDIES
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 COMPOSITION
 SIZE
 NORMS
 COHESIVENESS

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES

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 It is degree of similarity or difference among
group members on factors important to the
group
 A group is homogeneous if the members are
similar in one or several ways that are critical to
the work of the group
 In heterogeneous groups, the members differ in
one or more ways that are critical to the work of
the group
 The link between group composition and type of
tasks explained by interaction of typical of
homogeneous and heterogeneous group
KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES
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 Group composition becomes especially
important as organizations becomes
increasingly diverse
 Members will probably distrust each other,
stereotyping also will present a problem and
communication problem will almost certainly
arise

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES

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 Group size is the number of the group ; it
affects the number resources available to
perform the task
 Interactions and communication are much
more are likely to be formalized
 The large size group may inhibit participation
of some people and increase in absenteeism
 Social loafing is the tendency of some
members of group to put forth less effort in
a group than they would when working alone

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES

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 A norm is a standard against which the
appropriateness of a behavior is judged
 Norm result from the combination of members
personality characteristics, the situation, the
task and the historical traditions of the group
 Norms serve four purposes
 1. Norms help the group survive
 2.Norms simplify and make more predictable the
behaviors expected of group members
 3. Norms help the group avoid embarrassing
situations
 4. norms express the central values of the group
and identify the group to others
KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES
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 Group cohesiveness is the extent to which a
group is committed to staying together

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 Factors that increase Consequences of
cohesiveness high cohesiveness

Homogeneous Goal accomplishment

Composition Personal satisfaction of
Mature Development members
Relatively small size Increased quantity and quality
Frequent interactions of interactions
Clear goals Groupthink

Factors that
Consequences of low
decrease
cohesiveness
cohesiveness
Heterogeneous composition Difficult in achieving goals
Recent formation Increased likehood of
Large size disbanding
Physical dispersion Fewer interactions
Ambiguous goals, Failure Lower commitment to group
goals

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES

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 Interactions are the key to understanding
intergroup dynamics
 A groups contribution to an organization
depends on interactions with other group as
well as its own productivity
 The nature of the interactions between
group depend on the characteristics of the
group involved, organizational setting, the
task and situational setting for the
interaction

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN STUDIES

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 Interaction among the group are based on
the characteristics of interacting groups, the
organizational context within which the
groups operate, and the task and situational
bases of the interactions
 Factors that determine the nature of the
group interactions are location, resources,
time and goal interdependence, task
uncertainty, and task inter dependence

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