yoo) CDEr OF aL | Hw = (BOE ES fr bev De $-326 o-\ ai wee = oats “oD v Volumetric Measurement 1 Introduction Natural gas is transported in pipelines with continuous flow from the gas reservoir to its, ultimate user. Accurate measurement of the total quantity of gas that has passed through a given section of pipe over a period of time is of paramount importance to both gas sellers and purchasers. The commonly used method of measuring natural gas is by volume. Because natural gas is compressible (volume depends on pressure and temperature), to measure gas in meaningful terms by the volume method, first specifying the base, or standard, pressure and temperature is of fundamental importance. In other words, the pressure and temperature of the reference or base cubic foot must be established. Most operators account for gas in units of 1,000 cubic feet at predefined standard conditions (pressure and temperature), commonly referred to as one Msef. However, the standard condition is defined differently from area to area. Since 1967, the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the American Gas Association (AGA) have been using 14.73 psia and 60F® as their standard conditions. This chapter first focuses on measurement of gas volumetric flow rate with orifice meters and then presents an introduction to other measuring methods. 2 Measurement with Orifice Meters ifice meters are the most common equipment used in the natural gas industry for $3 e measurement of natural gas flow rate. As illustrated in Figure 1, an orifice meter consists of a thin flat plate with an accurately machined circular hole that is centered in a pair of. flanges or other plate-holding device in a straight section of smooth pipe. Pressure tap connections are provided on the upstream and downstream sides of the plate so that the pressure drop or differential pressure may be measured. The typical orifice meter consists primarily of a thin stainless steel plate about 3/16-in thick, with a hole in the center that is placed in the flow line. Placing an orifice in a pipe in which there is a gas flow causes a pressure difference across the orifice. This pressure difference and the absolute pressure in the line at a specified "tap" location are recorded continuously and are later translated into rate of flow. The advantages of the orifice meter are accuracy, ruggedness, CHapter Isimplicity, ease of installation and maintenance, range capacity, low cost, acceptance for gas measurement by the joint AGA-ASME committee, and availability of standard tables of meter factors. geo tt Pre thi foal 001. se rou) ae = sy Figure 1 Arrangements of two types of orifice meters: flange taps and pipe taps (Ikoku 1984). An orifice meter is composed of two major elements: 1) the primary element for producing differential pressure, and 2) the secondary element for measuring the pressures. As shown in Figure 2, Vena eonteseta~smaiest iometer ofthe low sears Ontice pate hholsing deer Figure 2 Pi nary element of an orifice meter (Ikoku 1984). the primary element consists of a meter tube, orifice plate-holding device, orifice plate, pressure taps, and straightening vanes which is a device that may be inserted in the upstream section of the meter tube to reduce swirling in the gas stream. The secondary element is a gauge (or gauges) connected with tubing to the upstream and downstream pressure taps of the primary element. One part indicates or records the difference between the pressures on each side of the orifice plate and the other part indicates or records oneof these pressures. Recording differential and static pressure gauges, using circulate charts with printed scales, are extensively used and they provide a permanent record. Integrating differential gauges are also made, in both the indicating and recording type that register the flow in uncorrected cubic feet. 2.1 Orifice Equation The basis for the orifice-meter equation is the first law of thermal dynamics. Derivation of the equation can be found in a number of publications such as that by Ikoku (1984). For the calculation of the quantity of gas, AGA (1956) recommends the formula: Wis where gu quantity rate of flow at base conditions, cfh C = orifice flow constant +, = differential pressure in inches of water at 60 OF P= absolute static pressure, psia Q The orifice flow constant C is expressed in the following equation: c HE yg EWE) fo (FE WOME ME gE EME, where Fy,= basic orifice factor, eth F, = Reynolds number factor , = expansinn factor, Fu Ey ~ temperature base factor pressure ase factor F,= owing tenmperature factor 1, = spesific gravity factor F = supercompressibility factor Anometer factor the mereury meter Fu se location factor fhermal expansion fuctorThe basic orifice factor, Fy, is dependent on the location of the taps, the internal diameter of the run, and the size of the orifice. Tables for the basic orifice factor are presented in Appendix A The Reynolds number factor, Fr, is dependent on the pipe diameter and the viscosity, density, and velocity of the gas. It is expressed as: the values of b are given in Appendix A . The expansion factor, Y, depends on the expansion of gas through the orifice. The density of the stream changes because of the pressure drop and the adiabatic temperature change. The expansion factor ¥ corrects for the variation in density. It is a function of the differential pressure, the absolute pressure, the diameter of the pipe, the diameter of the orifice, and the type of taps. Tables for ¥ values are presented in Appendix A The pressure base factor, Fipb, is a direct application of Boyle's law in the correction for the difference in base from 14.73 psia. The pressure base is set by contract: 14. 73 PL rE ph The temperature base factor, Frb, would be used in a direct application of Charles's law to correct for the base temperature change from 60F. Gas measured at one base temperature will have a different calculated volume if it is sold to a customer on a different base. That is, if the gas is measured at a base temperature of 60F and sold at a base temperature of 70F, the company must correct the volume to the contract temperature or, in this case, lose money. It is clear that the absolute temperature of the base (60F) divided by the absolute temperature of the contract will give a factor that should be applied to correct the meter reading to the terms of the contract temperature. 1, +460 20 Fu=‘The flowing temperature factor, Fif corrects the effects of temperature variation. The flowing temperature has two effects on the volume. A higher temperature means a lighter gas so that flow will increase. Also, a higher temperature causes the gas to expand, which reduces the flow. The combined effect is to cause the quantity of flow of a gas to vary inversely as the square root of the absolute flow temperature. The Fis usually applied to the average temperature during the time gas is passing. The temperature may be taken by recording charts or by periodic indicating thermometer readings. ‘Tm Fy ee Vira where ¢- fluid temperature, F The specific gravity factor, Fg, is used to correct for changes in the specific gravity and should be based on the actual flowing specific gravity of the gas as determined by test. The specific gravity may be determined continuously by a recording gravitometer or by gravity balance on a daily, weekly, or monthly schedule, or as often as necessary to meet conditions of the contract, The basic orifice factor is determined by air with a specific gravity of 1. With a given force applied on a gas, a larger quantity of lightweight gas can be pushed through an orifice than a heavier gas. To make the basic orifice factor usable for any gas, the proper correction for the specific gravity of the gas being measured must be applied. This factor varies inversely as the square root of specific gravity. Vere The super-compressibility factor, Fpy, corrects for the fact that gas does not follow the ideal gas laws. It varies with temperature, pressure, and specific gravity. The development of the general hydraulic flow equation involves the actual density of the fluid at the point of measurement, In the measurement of gas, this depends on the flowing pressure and temperature compared to base pressure and temperature. It is necessary to apply the law for an ideal gas. All gases deviate from this ideal gas law to a greater orlesser extent. The actual density of a gas under high pressure is usually greater than the theoretical density obtained by calculation of the ideal gas law. This deviation has been termed super-compressibility. A factor to account for this super-compressibility is necessary in the measurement of some gases. This factor is particularly appreciable at high line pressures. a 1 ase VE The manometer factor, Fm is used with mercury differential gauges and compensates for the column of compressed gas opposite the mercury leg. Usually, this is not considered for pressures below 500 psia, nor is it required for mercury-less differential gauges. The weight of the gas column over the mercury reservoir of orifice meter gauges, introduces an error in determining the differential pressure across the orifice, unless some adjustment is made. This error is consistently in one direction and becomes increasingly important with increasing pressure. The correction varies with ambient temperature, static pressure, and specific gravity, Because the correction is very small, usually some average 7 wart conditions are selected and a factor is agreed on, ea? as ‘The gauge location factor, Fi, is used where orifice meters are installed at locations other than 45° latitude and sea-level elevation. It may affect the total flow of gas as recorded by the orifice meter. where G- 32808 = 10 28247 10782 + 2.029> 10792 15058 oa 7H) where L = latitude, deg. H= elevation above sca level, ft‘The orifice thermal expansion factor, Ma, is introduced to correct for the error resulting from expansion or contraction of the orifice operating at temperatures appreciably different from the temperature at which the orifice was bored. 10% ia» en oly where /,, = temperature during orifice boring, F : aa fo 2.2 Recording Charts Although digital recording has been utilized in the industry for natural gas metering, round charts are still used extensively on all kinds of recording instruments associated with gas measurement. Circular charts for recording differential and static pressure gauges are usually 12 inches in diameter. ‘Two principal types of meter charts are widely used: 1) the uniform scale direct reading chart for the differential pressure in inches of water and the static pressure in psi, and 2) the chart that reads the square root. Clocks turn the charts at the desired speed, one turn each time period. 2.2.1 Direct-Reading Charts In this type of scale, the lines are spaced an equal distance apart. The scale value of each s used, should be 1, 2, or 5 line, in terms of the full range of the instrument with which it units, or some multiple of these. In many cases, the differential pressure and static pressure are recorded on a chart with a common spacing. For example, if a 50-unit chart is used on a gauge having a differential pressure range of 100 inches of water and a static pressure range of 500 psig, then each circular line on the chart represents 2 inches of water pressure and 10 psig, 2.2.2 Square Root Charts A square root chart with actual recordings is shown in Figure 3. The recorded differential of a typical flow pattern normally shows a weaving line on the chart. The smoother line on the chart represents the static pressure. This scale shows the square root of the percentage of the full-scale range of the gauge, or as represented by the full scale of the chart. A reading at full scale or full range of the gauge will be 10, the square root of 100.Using the 100-in, 500-psi gauge, a chart reading of 5 would represent a differential pressure of 25 inches of water or a static pressure of 125 psia. For square root charts, a chart factor may be defined as Chart tactor= | : R, Chart factor = FR Vico where Rh-= differential pressure range, in Rp = static pressure range, psi Figure 3 Square root chart with actual recordings (Ikoku 1984). ‘Then Actual parameter value = (chart reading x chart factor) thus, and = [chart reading: t 0Example Problem .1 A 50-in x 100 Ib gauge has a differential pressure range of Ri = 50 inches and static If a square root chart shows a reading of 7.2 for pressure range of Rp = 100 pi differential pressure and 9.4 for static pressure, calculate differential pressure and static pressure 2.3 Computation of Volumes After the differential pressure, static pressure, and temperature data at the field location have been recorded on charts, the latter must be picked up and taken to some location for processing. For standard gauges, depending on the chart rotation, this requires trips to the field location every day, every other day, every third day, or every week. With the advent of automatic changers, this is no longer necessary. Charts for several days may be loaded at one time. At the completion of recording, the chart automatically changes. and several fully recorded charts may be picked up at one time, This saves much chart-changing time and allows more accurate chart recording because faster rotating charts are economically feasible. At the central chart processing locations, the charts are integrated or scanned to obtain chart units per period of operation (usually 24 hours). These chart units must then be converted to volume by use of the proper basic orifice factor and all the related factors. The most proficient manner of doing this is by programming the rather complex calculations on a computer. : Example Problem .2 Calculate the hourly gas flow rate for the conditions given as follows Base conditions: Gas field in Texas, pb = 14.65 psia, th = 60F Meter pipe: 4-in schedule 40 (4.026-in ID), flange taps, static pressure measured upstream taps Orifice plate: Stainless steel, 1.5-in measured at 20 0C Recorder: 100-in water column differential, 1,000 psia static spring Readings: Elevation: 500 ft Atmospheric pressure: 14.4 psiaFlowing temperature: 100 OF Gas-specific gravity: 0.6 Differential pressure: 65-in water column Static pressure: 641 psig 2.4 Selection of Orifice Meter It is necessary to gather the following information about the characteristics and conditions of the flow to be metered: maximum peak hourly rate, minimum hourly rate, metering gauge pressure required and available, and permissible pressure variations. The quantity of gas flowing through an orifice at constant pressure varies as the square root of the differential pressure. Accordingly, for half of a given rate of flow, the differential pressure will be one-fourth of that for the given rate. Because of mechanical and installation limitations, it has been considered impractical to construct a differential gauge that will continuously record pressures with acceptable accuracy below about one- sixteenth of its maximum range. Therefore, the working range of one orifice plate and one differential gauge is from maximum capacity to about one-sixteenth of maximum. mum capacity can be changed by changing the orifice size. ‘The maximum and mi 3 Other Methods of Measurement In addition to the orifice meters, natural gas can be measured using a variety of other measurement techniques including displacement meters, turbine meters, venturi meters, flow nozzles, critical low provers, elbow meters, and rotameters. Factors affecting, the selection of the measurement method include desired accuracy, expected useful life, range of flow, pressure, temperature, initial cost, costs of operation, and acceptability by others involved. 3.1 Displacement Metering Displacement meters fall into two categories: (a) reciprocating displacement and (b) rotary displacement, Displacement metering relies on a piston moving in a cylinder. A quantity of gas is taken into the cylinder through the inlet port to occupy the space displaced by the piston ina stroke. On the return stroke, the gas is discharged out of the cylinder through the outlet. The volume of space the discharged gas occupied while in thecylinder is equal to the piston displacement, Where the volume of the piston displacement is known, it is a simple matter to connect a counter to the piston rod that will tally the piston displacement for each compression stroke. Because the volume of gas discharged is equal to the total piston displacement, the counter will indicate a measured volume of gas. The pressure and temperature of the gas in the cylinder will be supplied to the cylinder through the inlet port. If a thermometer and pressure gauge are added to the cylinder, these conditions may be observed, From this information, Boyle's and Charles's law formulas can be applied to the volume of gas discharged as indicated on the counter in order to convert this volume to the equivalent quantity of gas at base temperature and pressure conditions. The equation to use is: juantity of gas at base conditions. P= pressure of gas, psia D> pressure base, psist jemperature of gas, (R R remperature base, say deviation factor at and 7 = counter registration, 7 The initial reading of the index is subtracted form the final reading to obtain the registration during any period. The displacement meter formula can be rewritten for this procedure: ry final index readir ry = initial index reading. f°The most common type of displacement meter has diaphragms separating the measuring compartments. These usually have four measuring compartments and two diaphragms. ‘The movement of a diaphragm from one side to the other allows one compartment to fill while the second is discharging. Rotary displacement meters rely on an entirely different mechanical principle than that of the reciprocating displacement meters. It uses two metal impellers of the same size. These impellers rotate on individual shafts and are designed and spaced to rotate tangentially to each other. They are enclosed in a cylindrical case Gas flowing through the meter rotates the impellers and, because the close-off volume fixed, a definite volume of gas will pass through the between an impeller and the cas. meter with each revolution of the impellers. By connecting an index to the shaft of an impeller, the volume of gas may be registered by this index. 3.2 Turbine Meter A turbine meter uses the flowing gas as a driving force impacting to a laded rotor. With appropriate gearing, revolutions of the rotor can be converted to volume. Accuracy curves are usually developed for each turbine meter, and proving or calibration techniques as available. To get sustained accuracy and trouble-free operation, filters are almost a necessity ahead of turbine meters. 3.3 Elbow Meter Elbow meters use centrifugal force in the curve of a pipe elbow to measure flow. For accuracy, calibrations with some other acceptable measurement as a standard are needed. Accuracy is not usually the objective when elbow meters are used. Relatively little pressure loss of differential pressure is created. Because of this, the meters are used primarily for control or other operations.4 Natural Gas Liquid Measurement The conventional gauging of tanks and various metering techniques can be used for field measurement of natural gas liquids. The orifice meter is sometimes used. Installation and operation requirements are about the same as for gas. The following formula may be used in calculations: =O yh dy, = rate of liquid flow. gph © = orifice constant (Fy x Px F) A, = ditferential pressure. inches of water basic orifice factor specific gravity factor F, ~ Reynolds number factor FFpe ff he Ji’= rate of ow. Thy fay = a value determined fiom the bore ofthe orifice and internal ameter of the metering tube N’= combined constant for weight-low measurement (68.085 when isan pound day) D= ID of be, inches #,, = onifive thermal expansion factor nometer factor (1 for bellows-type meter) viscosity factor (usually assumed equal to one) supercompressibility Factor 21, = specific gravity of Liquid stream at flowing temperature and pressure ay determined by gravitometer readings differential pressure, inches of waterFor simplicity, Equation may be written as (Foxboro 1961): Vie W = 68,0458)" Accuracy suffers when it is necessary 10 make measurements of two phase (gas and liquid) for operation and allocation purposes. Certain precautions should be taken to arrive at acceptable measurements of a two-phase stream: * Maintain pressure and temperature as high as possible at the meter. * Use a free-water knockout ahead of the meter. * A vertical meter run may be utilized to improve the differential pressure relationship to the volume. © Use test data from periodic full-scale separator tests to calibrate the meter. © Connect manifold lead lines to bottom of bellows-type meter with self-draining pots installed above orifice fitting. References American Gas Association. "Orifice Metering of Natural Gas." Gas Measurement Committee Report No. 3. New York, 1956. Foxboro, P. K. Principles and Practices of Flow Meter Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961 Ikoku, C. U.: Natural Gas Production Engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1984.TABLE 4 Fb BASIC ORIFICE FACTORS - FLANGE TAPS Base Temperature = 60°F Base Pressure = 14.73 psia Pipe sizes - Nominal and Published inside diameters, inches. Flowing Temperature Specific Gravity 60°F 1.0 vhwPF = er ‘Orie I = Diameter 2 3 4 Inches | TRIS —]—ase—[rot—|3s00 fant Ta |S TS “z0 | tags | azr0e | —aa7it | tare ‘a708 | 12708) 2.703] 12687 ‘re | 2eare | aaa | zeazr | zeit 28302 | 2376 | 2373 | zo3se ‘goo | sorr7 | Soser | tose | sos 60313 | sozsz | 60283 | 0.258 gas | t0i090 | 7008 | reais | 79.082 Taser | 73525 yoo | si709 | ansez | assae | 11482 11356 ‘are | se205 | rose | sear | t57-12 sio00_|_21077_|_2vzar_|_2v022_| 074d. 7426] 20099 | 276.18 [art 70 | 265.5 “4360 | 30578 | Sessa | asta | 355.12 1378 dase | 43350 | 41576 bazar | 51086 62581 _ Tae “iEXPANSION FACTOR Y2 FLANGE TAPS - STATIC PRESSURE TAKEN FROM DOWNSTREAM TAP ae Ba Rate S767 v Se eee a] ais T=3 7000 T0006 Tab05 | 1.0000 | 4.0000] 4.0008 | 7.0000 | T.0000 4.0007 41.0008 | 1.0006] 1.0008 | 4.0005 | 1.0006 | 1.0006 1.0005 | 1.0006 | 1.0005 419013, totes | keot2| 4.0042 | 4.0042 | 40012 1001s | 4.0041] 1.0011] 1.0011 4.9020, 49027 110083 ‘Loos | 40018 40048] 4.0098 | +0017 | 1.0017 1.0046 | §.0016) 1.0016 1eb3e | ooze | ttooza | 410024 | 1.0023 | 1.0023 | #.0022 | 1.0022) 1.0021 Yooss | 110080 | 4.0028 | 1.0029 | 4.0028 | 1.0028 | 1.0027 | 1.0027 | 4.0027 119040 +1047 4.000 | 1.0036 | 1.0038] 1.0038 | 1.0024 | 1.0033 | 4.0032 1.0032) 1.0031 Foo4d | 430043 | 2.0042 | +0061} 1.0040 | ‘0038 | 1.0037 "10053 4.0060 +0048 1.0048] 7.0047 | 1.0046 4.0043 410060, 41067 | 4.9086] ¢.0064 | 4.0063 | +.0062 419086 “10083 | 1.0084] 1.0060 1.0089 | 1.0068 40073 +0080 | 1.0087 | 1.0068 4.0066 | 1.006 4.0078 ‘L076 | 4.0073 | 1.0072] 4.0074 | 1.0069 ‘10086 {10082 | 4.0080) 4.0078 | 4.007 | 1.0076 419083 ‘10083 | 4.0086] 1.0084 4.0083 | +.0084 Xe | 40100] z0100] 1.0099 ‘10084 | 4.0001 | 1.0080] 1.0080 | 1.0086 0107 | 1.0108 40101] 4.0007 | 1.0087 1.0086 | 1.0098 soma) 20113 ‘Loree | 0104 t.0103 | 1.0103 | 1.0099 9120 10120 {Lotta | 40110 | 10108 | 4.0106] 4.0104 sotz7| 4.0125 orzo] torte so112| £0110 soe | xotae | 10rzs | 1.0126| 4.0122 | 10124 | sone 1.0116 somo} 4.0130 | a.0t36| +0133] 1.0129] 4.0127 | 4.0126) 3.0122 {otar| Horas | 4.0142 | s.0rse | 0198] 4.0133] 4.0190 | 1.0128 Toles Loses | 1044s | coves | roses | 4.0190) 1.0196 | 4.0132 Lotse | 01st | 1016s] sous | t0%4s| s.%4t | s.0138 Loter| Loves | 4.0162 | 4015s | 4.0189 | 1.0160) 4.0148 | 4.0145 aot7s| 10172 | tot6e| sot6e| 10180 | 1.0186] 1.0184) 10764 Yore2| totet | 10176 | 1.0172 | 1.0167 04s {ots | toves | 10t80| s.0176| 4.0174] 1.0168] 4.0168 | 1.0162 ‘ton xove2| ote7 | 4ot8a | corr7 | a.0vz6| 1.0172] 7.0168 ‘200 | osoe | 410183 | 10te9 | 4.0103 | soreo | 1.0177) 4.0179] 40208] 1.0208 | 4.0200 | 1.0196 | 4.0189 | s.0186] ¢.0183 | 1.0178 {oeta | Leztt | 4.0208 | t.oz01| ‘0185 | 4.0102] 4.0489) 1.0186 Joris | toate | x02ts | 1.0208 1.0202 | 4.0109 | 1.0196] 1.0181 e770 | Leaze | 10219 | 1.0216] -.0208 | 4.0208 | 1.0201 | 4.0187 {10233 | 1.0234 | 1.0226 | 1.0220) 1.0214 4.0207 | 1.0202 ‘torse| 10297] 4.0282 | 1.0227 | 1.0220] 0216] 1.0212 | 4.0208 same | xozes| 10238] 4.0282| 1.0726 | s.oz2t| ‘oat | 4.0213 forte | xozso | xozes| 4.0238] 1.0234 | 4.0227 | 1.0223) 4.0218 10285 | qozsy| 1.0260 | 1.0248 | 4.0207 | s.0234 | 1.0220) 4.0226 Tease | 4026s | 1.0258 | 4.0264] 4.0243 | 1.0240 | 4.0736 | 1.0291: : 4Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 38 to 42°F or 3.2 to 5.6 ‘SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE i 0,55 - 0,59 | 9,60-0,64"| 0,65-0,69 | 0.70-0,74 | ‘0.75 20,79 | 10.80 0.84" es “048 “4,002 4,003 7,005 1,005 2 [sia 1,006 = 1,008 — 50-85 4,007 7,008 4,010 4,012 4,013 7,016 700-145, 4,017 7,013 7,016 1,019 1,021 7,025. 150-195 4,045 4,018 1,022 7,026 7,030 7,036 200-245 4,019 4,025 7,028 1,034 1,060 1,045) 250.298 4,022 7,028 7,036 4,042 7,048 1,057 300-348) 4,027 4,036 7,082 7,050 1,059 7,068 360-398, 7,030 7,040 7,089 1,058. 4,070 1,083 400-845 7,036 7,045 7,056 | 1,068 4,078 4,084 450-499 7,040. 4,054 7,063 4,077. 4,087 4,107 : 500-548, 7,048 7,060 4,073 7,084 4,101 7124 550-598 4,051 1,064 7,083 7,095 118 Tae 600-649 7,058 4,074 7,087 7,107 7,126 1.453 650-689) 1,060 4,076 7,098 ata 7,146 1478 700-748 7,065 7,084 4,103 4,420 7,154 7,152 750-733 1,087 7,088 4114 1.134 1,173 4,219 800-849 1,073 4,097 4,118 4141 1,181 7.234 350-893, 1,076 4,107 7,128 1,155. 4,203 4,277 300-843 1,083 7,108 7,135 7,164 1,215 1,283 950-995 1,086 a2 4,140 1,168, 4.227 7,300 Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 43 to 47° F or 6.1 to 8.3°C SPECIFIC GRAVITY, PRESSURE Sosra_| oss -0,88 | 0,60-0,64 | 0.65-0,68 | 0,70-0,74 | 0,75-0,79 | 0,80- 0.84 0-43 7,002, 7,003 7,005, 7,005 7,006 7,006 30.85 7,007 7,008 7,010 7,012 1,013, 7,016 700-148 1,011 4,013 1,016 7,018 4,024 7,024 7150-198 7,015 4,018 7,022 7,025 4,030 7,035 200-248 7,019 4,023, 7,028, 4,033 1,038 7044 250-298 71,022 1,026 7,035, 71041 1,088 7,056 300-348 7,027 7,033 1,084 7,049 71,058 7,066 350-098 7,030 4,038 7,048 4,057 7,058 7,081 400-448 7,035 7,084 7,085, 7,086 1,077 7,087 450-498 7,039 4,050. 7,064 1,075 4,088 7.108 500-649 7,047, 7,058 7,088 7,078 7,035 4418 550.599 7,050) 4,062 4,077, 7,080 1110. 4.137 600-648 7,057 7,088. 7,082 7,095 Tite. 1.446 650-599 7,055) 1074 1,081 1107 133, 71169 700-749 7,063, 7,082 7,086, 4143 4140 7,401 750-798 7,065: 7,086. 7,106. 4,125 1187. 7,206 800-849 7,074 7,094 7110 4132 4,165 4,219 850-899 4,074 7,088 4124 4,144 1184, 1.247 800-949 7,081 7.108 1.126 4450 7,183 4,262 950-899, 7,084 4.408 4431 4157, 4,204 4.277Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 48 to 52°F or 8.9 to 11.1°C —— SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE 055-059 | 060-064 | 0,65~0,69 | 0,70.-0,24 |-0,78~0,79 ae 4002-1005 F004 =] oa [Tape 30-85 4,006 7,008 7.070 012 1,013 700-148 | 1,07 1.013 1015 H018 | 1,020, 150-188} 1,018 1.017 1.024 “024 7,029 200-248 076 07 7.027 EEE 7,038 250-288 | 1,024 1027 1.034 7,040 1,045 300-348, 1,026 4,032 1,040 4,087, 1,056 360-399 7,029 7,038 048 7,085 7,056 400-448 | 1,094 043 7.083 7,064 1,075 450-198} 1,038, 7043 7,058 7073 7,085 500-649 | 1,048 “1087 7,086 077 7,083 550-598 | 1,049, 7,080 1.075 1,087 1106 600-643 | 1,055. 7,087 7.078 1,082 4449 650-689_| 1,057 7,072 7.088 4,104 1127 700-748 1.084 7079 7083 RED 1138 750-799 1,089 7,083 402 Taz 1150 300-643| 1,069 7,09 1.107 1127 1,158 350-889 _| 1,072 7,095 1116 1139 75 300-843 | 1,078 7,102 A124 Trias 1184 350-988 1087 7108 1126 64 1.189 Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 53 to 57°F for 11.7 to 13: SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE 0,85 -0,59 | 0,60-0,64 | 065-069 | 0,70-0,74 | 0,75-0,78 | 0,80- 0,64 as 7,002 7,003 7,004 1,004 7,005 7,005 30-98 7,008 7,007 7,008 4,071 7012 1018 700-143 1,910 1012 “014 7018 7,020 1,028 150-198 Tots 1016 4,024 7,028 7,028 1,032 200-248 7078 1,022 1,026 7,031 "037 1,042 250-298 L024 7,026 7.033 7,038 Toss 7,053 300-348 7,025 7,031 7.039 7,086 7055 7,085 350-388 1028 1037 085 7,054 7,065 1077 400-449 1,032 1,042 7052 7,083 1,074 7,087 450-439 | 1,036 7048 7,058 1072 7,084 7,038 500-543 7.088 7.056 7064 1,075 7,088 Ti01 550.599 T0ae 7,059 072 7,085 4,102 1.118 600-649 054 7,086 1.078 7,080 4408 7126 650-698 7,056 074 085, 1.404 1122 "ita 700-748 7,080 078 7,080 7110 7,130 7154 750-789 | 1,082 7,082 71089 417 RE 1,173 300-849 | 1,088 7,088 104 1127 AGI 1181 350-899 tort 7,083 4A13 134 1,168 7,203 900.949 {077 7.400 17 1140 1176 1215 950-899 1,080 1104 RFI RE 184 a227Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 58 to 62°F or 14.4 to 16.7°C SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE gcd igeesnhe [pete * 9,55.-0,59 | 0,600.64 | 0680.69. | i020 024096 ot b 5b 6 at" eae 1,002 4,003: 7,008 Te 00a> |? 1,00: T7005" 50.85 7,006 1,007 7,008 1,011 7,012 1,044 700-145 | 7,040 1077 71,014 oI Tots 3,022, 150-188] 1,043 078 1,020 ozs 1,027 1034 200-248 1,017 {021 7025 7,030 7.035 7,040 250-299 7,020 7,025 7,031 7,037 ods 7,050 300-348} 1,024 7,030 1,037 7,044 7,052 7,060 350-398 | 1,027, 71035 hoa 7,051 7,061 1,072 400-449 703 "040 7,048 7,050 7,068 7,082 450-198 7,035 7,048 7,055 7,087 1,078 7,083, 600-549] 1,082 7,053 7,061 1.073 7,086 7,058. 350-599 7,045 7,056 7.068 "083 7,038 7,105 600-649 | 1,051 7,062 1,072 7.087 1,105 1.12 550-699 "053 7086 7,080 7,098 ERE 1138 700-749 1,057 "073 7,088 7,703 1125 147. 750-799 4,059 4,077. 4,093 4118 4,139 4,164 00-848 | 1,068 7,084 7,057 T118 Tia8 1172 850-899, 7,066 71.088 7,106 7,128 ERI REE} 900-949, 072 AE itd 1.135 716s 7,204 950-899, 1,078 71038 Tat ERI 4176 4,245 Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 63 to 67° for ‘SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE oss-ose | 060-054 | 995-060 | 070-074 | 075-079 | 080-088 048 1,002 7,003, 7,008 7,004 7,005 7,005 50-98 7,006 7,007 4,008 4,011 4,012 7,014 700-148 7,010 1,012 4,018 4,017 7,018 7,024 150-138, 7,013 7,016 1,013 4,022 1,026 7,030 200-248 1,017 4,020 7,024 7,028 1,034 1,038 250-288 7,018 4,024 4,030 7,036 7,041 7,088 300-348 7,023 4,028 7,036 1,082 4,050 7,058 350-398 4,028 7,034 7,044 1,048 1,059. 7,088 400-449, 7,030 4,058, 4,047 7,058 1,086 7,078 450-498 7,034 7,043 4,053 7,084 1,076 7,089 500-649 1,080 7,051 7,058 7,088 1,084 4,085 550-599 7,083 7,084) 7,086 1.077 1,095 4110 600-643, 7,088 7,060 7,068 1,082 1.107 7116 650-698 7,081 4,060, 4,078 1,081 1.118 7,133 700-748 7,055 4,070, 1,082 7,096 4,420 4,140 750-788 4,057 1,074 4,031 4.108 4,134 4,157 800-849 1,061 7,081 7,034 4.110 7441 1165 850-889 7,063 4,085 1,103 4421 1,155 4.184 300-949 7,069 4,094 4.107 1128 1.161 7,183 850-888 7,072 1,084 1.111 1131 1.168 7,204* Values tor py for the Temperatures of 78 to 82°F for 25.6 to 27.8°C SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE oss.-0,59 | 060-064 | 066-0.89 | 0.70-0,74 | 075-078" Spas 1,002 ETE Aa CE PT ~ 50-89 1,005] 7,006 4,008 4,010 4,011 700-149 | 1,008] 4,011 T0172 045 017 150-198 | 1,012] 1,018 7,018 1,020 028 200-243 | 1,015) 1.018 7,022 7,026 7,050 250-298 | 7,018) 1,022 7,027 7,092 057 300-343 | 1,024 7028 7,032 1,038 7,086 350.388 | 7,025 7.030 7,037 7088 7,052 400-449 | 1,027 038 7,087 7051 7.058 450-498 | 7.030 1038 71,087 7058 7,068 500-645 | 7,035 06 7,053 7,082 1,078 350-599 | 1,038 7048 7,058 "070 7085 600-649 | —7.08¢ 7053 7,062 1.074 7,080 350-609 | 1.048 7087 7,070 7,083 7104 700-743 1,049 4,063 4,073 4,087, 4,106 750-798 | 1,081 7086 7,084 7,056 Ti 300-849] —1,065——|__1,072 7,084 00 4427 850-899, 4,057. 4,075 4,094 4,110 4,134 900.849 | 7,062 7082 7,085 Tit 7140 950-999 | 1,06 7088 7086 117 7185 Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 83 to 87°F or 28.3 to 30.6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE os5-050 | 060-064 | 065-0,69 | 070-074 | 075-079 | 080-054 Tas 7002 002 7,003 703 7.008 7004 ee = tid 700-149| 1.008 | 4,070 4,072 “016 4018 4018 150-199 4,014 4,044 4,047 4,020 4,023 4,026 200-248 | 1.046 4018 4,02¢ 7025 4,033 250-793 | 1,017 4,024 7,026 031 4.042 300-349 | 1,020 4,025 7,031 7.038 7,060 350-199 [1,023 4,028 11036 4042 [1.054 7058 400-443 1.028 4038 084 4050] 1087 068 450-499 1.029 1,037 046 058 | 1.065 4.077 500-549 4,035 4,044 4,054 4,059 4,073 4,081 550-598] 1.037 “i048 4.057 4068] 1,083 7,092 00-643 [1.047 4.051 4064 4068] 4,087 7.098 §50-699_| 1,044 4055 7,086 1078 4098 anit 709-743—[ 1,047 4,080 4.071 | 1.002] —ts403 +7 750-788] 1,049 4.064 #078 1094 tate RED 300-049 | 1.053, +070 4,08 4,034] 1.18 1136 350-898 [1.085 7.078 4088 4103 | 1035 ta 300-348 | 1.055) “i078 7082 [1,07] 4,438 4188 950-999 | 1,082 “i081 7085 | tit iad 4162 Feo = ollValues for Fpy for the Temperatures of 88 to 82° F or 31.1 to 33.3°C SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE 060-064 | 0,65-0,69 | .0,70-0,74 | .0.25- 0.79] 0,80- 0,84 Sa 7,002 005 40007 [1,602 | | 30-98 4,006 4,007 7,010 Toi | 700-145 Toto 012 7,016 7,018 150-188 7013 1017 1,024 1,025) 700-248 “017 7,020 1028 7031 250-289 71070 1,025 7,034 7,040 300-349 EREZY 7,028 7,084 7,047 350-299 7,028. 7,034 7,048 7,056 400-448 1034 7,038 7084 7,084 450-498 1035 7,083 7,082 7,073 500-649 1,082 7,050 7,070 7,079) ; 550-599 7084 7,056 080 7,080 600-648, 7088) 7,058 7,085 7,095 650-699 7,052 7,086 7,084 7,107 700-748 1,057 7,088 4,100 ai5 750-798 7080 7076 Tito 1.125 300-848 7,086 7,078 Ti14 1132 350-899 1,970 7,085 RE 714d 300-943 1,075 7088 7,130 7,150 950-999 7,078 | 1,092 4,136 4,157, Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 83 to 97°F or 33.8 to 36.1°C ‘SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE 0.85 -0,59 | 0,60- 0,54 | 065-069 | 0,70-0,74 | 0,75-0,79 | 0,80- 0,84 0-48 4,002 7002 4,005 7,003. 7,004 7,004 50-99 7,008 7,008 71,007 1,008. 4,070) 4,012 700-145, 4,008, 7,010 4,012 1,014 7,016. 7,018 150-189 4,017 7,013 7,097, 7,019 7,021 4,024 200-249 4,078 4,017 1,020 4,023 4,027 4,030 250-299 4,017 4,020 7,024 1,026 7,035 7,038 300-348 4,020 7,023, 1,028 4,033 7,080 7,046 350.299 4,021 4,027 71,033 7,038 4,047, 7,054 “400-449 1,024 7,030 4,038 7,046 4,055 7,063 450-499 7,027 4,034 7,062 1,054 7,060 4,074 500-548 4,032 4,047 7,066. 7,055 | 1,066 7,077 550-599 7,034 4,043 7,058 1,052 1,076 4,087 600-649 7,039 4,047 1,056 1,085 4,079 7,092 650-699 7,081 4,050 7,063 1,075 4,088 4408 700-749 71,044 4,055 7,085: 4,07 4,087 1.140 750-738 1,045 7,088. 4,072 4,085 4,402 GRE 600-848 7,045 4,064 4,078 7,089 4,407 4427 850-889 7,050 7,088 4,087 4,087 4it6 7,139 ‘300-848 7,054 4,073. 4,089 4407 4421 4,145 950-999, 7,057 4,076 7,087 4,104 4125, 7151Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 68 to. 72°F or 20.0 to 22,2°C SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE ; RESSURE | | 5 n.5e | 0.60-0,64.| .0,65-0,69 |10,70~0.74%} 075-079 | 8050.04 oas 4,002 7,003 7,008 TE D0d fa. OUEST] TOO 50-88 7,006 7,007, 7,008 7,010 4,041 7013 700-148 7,008 7,014 7013 1,016 4,018 7,024 750-188 4,012 015, 7,018 1,022 7,026 7,025, 200-249) 7016 7,020 7,028 7,028 4,033 1,037 250-299 018 1,023 7,028 71,034 7,040 71,046, 300-343, 7022 7,028 7,034 7,081 7,048 1055, 350-398 7,025 7,033 7040 71,047 7,056 71,087 400-249 7,028 7037 7,045 1,085. 7,064 7,078 450-699 7,033 7,042 7,051 7,082 7,073 7,086, 500-548 7,038 7,049) 7,057 4,086 7,078 7,083, , 550-599 4,042 71,052 7,064 1,075 1,050 7,106 600-648 7,047 7,057 7,067 4,078 4,095 Tats 650-698 4,088 7,064 1.075 1,088 7,107 1.127 700-748 7,053 7,086 7,080 4,083 1113 71.135 750-798 7,088 7.074 7,088 4,402 7.125) 7,180 300-849 7,958 7,078 7,051 4407 7.132, 7168 350-899 708% 7,084 7,100 716 1144, 1175 900-949 7,067 7,088, 7104 724 7,150 7184 950-899 7,089 7,034 7.108 1.126 7187, 7.133 Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 73 to 77°F for 22.8 to 25. SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE oss -0,59 | 0,60-0.64 | 0,65-0,69 | 0,70-0.74 | 0,75-0.79 | 0,60-0.88 O48 4,002 7,003 7004 7,004) 7004 7,004 50-98 71,005. 7,008 7,008; 4,010 1,014 7,013. 700-148 7,009 7.014 4,013 7,016, 4,017 7,020 150-195) 7,012 4,015 7,018, 7,021 4,024 1,026. 7200-249, 4.016 4,018 4,022 7,026 4,031 7,086. 250-283, 7,018 1,022 7,026 4,033 4,038. 71,044 300-349 4,022 7,026 7,033 4,039 7,086 41,053. 350-399, 4,024 4,031 7,038 1,086, 4,054 7,064 400-£49 71,026. 4,036 7,044 71,053. 4,062 7,073 450-498 4,037 7,040 7,049 4,060, 4,070 7,083 500-545, 4,037, 4,087 7,054 7,064 4,077 7,089 550-598 7,040 7,050 7,081 4,072, 4,087 7.402 609-649) 7,046 7,055 4,064 4,076 7,082 4,108) 650-699 7,087 4,059 4,072 7,085) 4.104 22 700-749 7,054 7,085 7,075 41,080 4110 7130 750-798 7,053 7,069 4,085. 4,089 4421 1184. 800-849, 7.057 4,075, 7,086, 4,104 4.427 W151 350-895, 7,055 4,078. 7,084 4.113, 4,139 7.168. ‘900-949 7,068 7,085 7,098 417, 4.145 4178 1950-988 7,087 4,087 4,104 4424 4,154 4188Table C-3 Y, Expansion Factors—Flange Taps (Static Pressure 9928 0.9927 09927 0,9928 0.9825 0.9924 0.9924 0,982 0.99 o.gas 09914 09913 0.9912 oat 0.9910 0.99 36 0.9895 0.9684 09099 0.9082 0.9891 0.909 0.9899 0.9009 304 0.9892 0.9091 0.9090 0.9089 0.9685 0.0888 0.9686 0. 24 0.9089 0.9082 0.9881 0.988 0.9679 0.9578 09677 0.9675 0. c1g8e4|0.96a2]0 9860 0.9879 0.8676 0.9877 09675 1.8 0.9795 0.9785 9720 0. O77 0.9760 0.9768 0.9788 0.9764 0.9762 0.976 0.9758 0.9755 0.9753 0.9751 0.9748 09745 0.9743 0.974310_Appendix C Orifice Meter Tables for Natural Gas ble C-2 “b” Values for Reyfolds Number Factor F, Determination— « Reymolds Humber Factor fo Flange Taps 7 >, Pipe Sizes—Nominal and Published Inside Diameter, In Ortice 2 3 + Diameter (i) 1809 1899 20s7 23202828 ee ase GAS ‘D250 O0e7s —O0eIT —O0m6 00850 00879 0.0989 O.1010 O.10T4 0.1080 0375 00677 0.0709 0.0725 00785 0.0782 0.0820 086 ONE 0.0867 0500 0.0562 0.0576 00588 00612 0.0643 0.0577 0.0695 0.0703 0.0728 0625 0.0520 0.0505 0.0508 00516 0.0541 0.0565 0.0588 0.0501 0.0818 0.750 0.0536 0.0885 O.047! DOs62 0.0470 0.0488 0.0498 0.0504 0.0528 0875 0.0598 0.0508 0.0178 0.0445 0.0429 0.0433 0.0438 0.0442 0.0480 7 1900, 00677 0.0559 00515 OKSE O.0418 0.0403 .O102 0403 GAT 12S 0.0762 0.0890 00574 0.0495 0.0427 0.0396 0.0986 0.0989 0.0980 1.250 0.0824 0.0707 00848 0.0880 0.0458 0.0408 0.0388 O.c3e1 0.0965 1875 0.072 0715 00614 0.0501 0.0435 0.0408 0.0904 0.0385 1500 0.0773 0.0679 0.0554 0.0474 0.0498 0.0420 0.0378 1628 0.0738 0.0813 0.0522 0.0477 0.0457 o.0402 17850 0.0869 0.0575 00524 0.0500 0.0434 1875 0.0717 0.0528 0.0574 0.0549 0.0473 2.000 0.06878 0.0624 0.0598 0.0517 aes 0.0715 0.0069 0.0642 0.0563 2.250 0.0706 0.0885 0.0607 2378 0.0848 2.500 0.08837 SPECIFIC GRAVITY FACTORS - Fg a op nme Specific Specific [~ a Gravity’ | Factor | Gravity | Factor | Gravity | Factor | Gravity | Factor G Fg 6 Fg G Fo S Fg 0.500 [1.4142 | 067s | 12172 | 0880 | toad? | 108 os7s9 o.s0s | 1.4072 | 680 | 1.2127 | 0.858 | 10815 | 1106 0.8713 0.510 | 1.4003 | oses | 1.2082 | 0.860 | 1.0783 4.07 0.9667 0.515 | 1.3935 | 0.630 | 1.2038 | o8ss | 1.0752 | 4.08 0.9623 os20 | 1.3868 | 0695 | 1.1995 | o870 | 1.0721 1.08 0.9578 0.525 1.3801 | 0,700 1.1952 0.875 1.0680 | 1.40 0.9535 0.530 | 1.3738 | 0.705 | 1.1910 | 880 | 1.0660 444 0.9482 i os3s | 1.3672 | ozo | 11968 | oss | 40620 | 4.42 0.9449 0.540 | 4.3608 | “0715 |~4.1826 | 0.890 | 1.0600 | 443 0.8407 0.545 | 1.3546 | 0.720 | 1.478 | 89s | 4.0570 | 1114 0.8366 0.650 | 1.3484 | 0.725 | 1.1744 | 0.900 | 0541 | 1.15 0.9325 osss | 1.3423 | 0.730 | 11706°| 0908 | 40512 | 116 0.9285 0.560 | 1.3363 | 0.735 | 4.1664 | 0.910 | 1.0683 | 147 0.8245, ses | 1.3304 | o7ao | 1.1625 | 0918 | tase | 118 0.8205 o.s70 | 1.3245 | 0745 | 1.1586 | 0.920 | 1.0476 | 449 0.9167 0.578 | 1.3188 | 0.750 | 1.1547 | 0.925 | 1.0388 | 1.20 -| o.stzo 0.80 | 1.3131 | 0785 | 1.1508 | 0930 | 4.0370 | 1121 0.8081 0.585 | 1.3074 | o76o | 1.1471 | 0935 | 4.0342 | 4.22 0.9054 0.690 | 13019 | 0765 | 4.1433 | 0940 | 4.0314 | 4123 0.9017 oss | 1.2964 | o770 | 1.1396 | 0.948 | 1.0287 | 4124 0.8980 o.6o0 | 1.2910 | o77s | 1.1358 | 0.950 | 1.0260 | 1.25 0.8944 0.608 | 1.2856 | o7eo | 113239 | o9ss | 1.0233 | 1.26 0.8808 oto | 1.2804 | O7es | 4.1287 | o960 | 4.0208 | 1.27 0.8874 oeis | 4.2752 | o7s0 | 1.1251 | 096s | t.0180 | 428 0.8838 e620 | 1.2700 | 079s | 4.1215 | 0970 | 10153 | 429 0.8805 0.625 | 1.2649 | 0.800 | 1.1180 ] 0.975 | 1.0127 | 1.30 0.8774 oes0 | 1.2599 | 80s | 1.1148 | 0.980 | s.0102 | 4/31 0.8737 0.635 | 1.2548 | osteo | 11111 | oes | ti0076 | 4132 0.8704 0640 | 4.2500 | 0.815 | 1.1077 | 0.990 | 1.0050 | 1133 0.8671 64s | 4.2451 | 0.820 | 1.1043 | 0.995 | 1.0025 | 1134 0.8638 o.6s0 | 1.2403 | 0.825 | 1.1010 | 1.00 | 1.0000 | 4.35 0.8607 0.655 | 1.2356 | 0.830 | 1.0976 | 4.01 9950 | 1.36 0.8575 oso | 1.2309 | 0.835 | 1.0544 | 1.02 | osgot | 4137 0.8544 0.665 | 1.2263 | 08d | t.osti x03 | osess | 4138 413 o.e7o | 1.2217 | 845 | 1.0879 | 1.04 | o.s80s | 1.39 0.8482 Lu gene?FLUWING TEMPERA [URE FACTORS - F, Pr Ta oases ere ae toot, [tow | tear | dese | sce | don tear | tom | tear | age | Sos | las tam | iar | tte [ee | tte | ths ton [toe | ise [URS | aor | so0e | so0e | aso | +003 ase | caer | a5ee2 | aeea | ddets | 22th cesar | Geert | asec | Sess | coves | aus 0.9786 | o.s7as | 0.9777 | 03768 | 09768 | O.9TSO terme | tocar | E560 | oseeo | coer | oases assis | caste asses | cosae | oser7 See | Sssse sero | eset | ose tsa | Soeet tous | Ss | oace a | soem, | eee Soan| baat oar: | eaea | oaate oso | oaate aise | aster | osteo tsi | tone cant | csi | osu a | igs soa | asec | aus foa.| Gem Gaore | caerz | oases bass Se es + Serta oases | casse casas | oszse | osese be | ie see | tee | Gat Toe | test ioe | eae.| eee ecm | Sacre Saeas | cues | oxi cone oe ee eee UNIT FACTOR, REFERENCE UNITS: CONDITIONS catthour | Guftaay Wahoo aay wT 28 0.02882 0 414,73 psia t Ste oe 0 , 760mm Hg 0,9483 22,76 0,02685. 00,6445, 15°C 40008 24,008 o,02e32 0.6798 760 mm Hg (1 Atm.) 15°C 40187 24,928 02870 o.s8e8 750 mm Hg (1 Bar) y= BS -\S= bo + BS 20-\4b6%SPECIFIC GRAVITY FACTORS - Fa 0000 ~ specie | Speen | Shectie ‘Specific — “Gravity | Factor | Gravity Gravity | Factor | Gravity | Factor ¢ Fg 6 S Fo s Fg 0.500 | 1ai42 | 0.75 0.850 | 108a7 | 1.08] o.Tss 0.505 | 1.4072 | 0.880 oss | 1085 | 1108 | os713 0.510 | 14003 | 0.685 o.sco | io7es | 107 | oses7 osis | 1.9995 | 0.690 cscs | 10752 | 11.08 | 09623 0.520 | 1.3868 | 0.885 0.870 | to7zt | 1.09 | oss7e 0.525 | 1.3801 027s | 1.0690 | 110° | 0.9535 —}—e: : 4.1910_| 0.880} 1.0660 0.9482 0.835 | 4.0672 44 oss | 10630 | 112 | oss 0.540 | 413608 71626 | 0.890 | 10600 | 1.13 | 0.9407 osss | 4.3546 1788 | 0.698 | 1.0570 | 114 | o-sses o.ss0 | 1.3484 aa744 | o.s00 | t0ss1 | 1.15 | 0.9325 osss | 1.3423, a17os-| og0s | 40512 | t16 | ones 01550 | 73363, ates4 | 0910 | 40483 | i417 | o.sz4s 0.585 | 1.3304 seas | 091s | t085¢ | 113 | 0.9206 413245 1158s | 0.920 | 10428 | ai9 | ovis | 0.575’ | 1.3188 11547 | 0.928 | 10398 | 1.20 -| 0.9129 0.580} 1.3131 4150s |. 0930 | 1.0370 | 421 | osos1 oes | 1.3074 asa7t | 0.925 | 1.0362 | 4122 | o.s0se 0.590 | 13019 | 0: 41433 | 040 | t031¢ | 123 | oot oss | 12964 | o770 | 44396 | o.94s | 110287 | 1.24 | o.sse0 0.600 | 4.2910 | 0.775 0.950 | 1.020 | 1.25 | osu 0.605 | 4.2856 | 0.780 oss | 10233 | 1126 | o.es08 costo | tze0a | ares | 41267 | 0960 | 110206 | 127 | o.se7s costs | t2rs2 | o7s0 | 44251 | oes | s0180 | 1.28 | o.sess 0.620 | t2r00 | o7s5 | 442s | os70 | 1015s | 129 | o-seos 0.625 | 1.2649 | 0.800 | 14180 | 0975 | 10127 | 130. | o.s77 0.630 | 12539 | osos | 1114s | 0980 | 0102 | 431 | ora oe3s | 12549 | oeto | ttii1 | oes | too7e | 132 | oazos oso | 12800 | ois | 11077 | 0990 | 110050 | 133 | overt os4s | 2451 | 0820 | 1.1043 | 99s | 1.0028 | 134 | o.scs9 oso | 1.2403 | 0.825 | 14010 | 1.00 | 1.0000 | 1.35 | o.sco7 0.655 | 112356 | 0830 | tos7¢ | 101 | ossso | 136 | o.s7s 0.680 | 12309 | 0835 | tosde | 402 | o9s01 | 137 | o.esee owes | 12263 | 080 | voor | 0s | osass | 138 | ost oro | t2217 | oss | tios7e | 4.04 | 0206 | 1:39 | o.sdsz ca ete? BEE . <== Sok Ge aon Las Ube 405 Je Fay s { su | Bas $4o Hoe 4 fe~ ee SOF ww Be fe 304 AppendisC Orifice Meter Tables for Netural Gas ‘Table C-1 Fi, Basic Orifice Factore—Flange Taps Base temperature = 60°F Flowing temperature = 60 °F Base pressure = 14.73 psia. Specific gravity = 1.0 Pipe Sizee—Nominl and Published ineide Diameters, In ‘Ontfice 2 3 4 G Comes TL ee MEE INN A VU eae TRUITT sn yas Ene bats 2500 oa eae — SR ase aToY WaTit aris Wai T2708 ta 05 1270812807 097s 26474 28.439 29420 26411 28593 29082 20975 28973 28904 0500 50777 50587 50521 50495 50356 50919 60202 5025430255) co 0625 60090 79.509 79.911 70052 78818 78685 78625 78598 78523 0.750 117.09 11562 11514 11452 11399 110,70 11956 11950 113.93 0875 16295 159.56 15047 157.12 186.00 15541 15514 185.03 15471 4.000 219.77 212.47 210.22 207.44 205.18 20404 20354 20333 202.75 3125 29099 27620 271.70 26695 26208 259.95 25904 25865 257.63 4.250 995.78 95958 945.13 335.12 327,99 92069 32209 s2187 91961 1375 44857 43950 415.75 402.18 $95.80 99309 99197 369.03 1.500 54225 51086 487.98 477.98 472.96 471.14 406.99 1825 628.01 586.82 560,65 $6258 55972 552.91 1.750 ToL27 674.44 66042 658.96 647.54 1875 0480 70088 77118 77044 759.17 2.000 99085 90601 895.06 670.59 2.126 1001.2 110525 1,008.1. 1,001.4 2.250 zea 1198.9 1.147.7 275 1107 2.500 4904Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 88 to 92° F or 31.1 to 33.3°C SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE oa 060-064 | 0,650.69 | .0.70-0,74 |.0.25- 079 | 000-084], O=g—f F002 4,002 Tost set ood ie0r | i 50-99 7,005" 7,006 1,007 — 4,010" tow pt 700-143_| 1,008 7,040 1012 4,016 7,018 750-193- | 4,011 4013 1017 4,024 7,025 00-248 | 4,014 7,047 7,020 7,028 1,031 250-788 | 14,017 7,020 7,025 7,034 7,040 300-349 | 1,020 7,024 4,028 4,041 7,047, 350-398] 4,021 1,028 7,034 1,048 7,056 400-449 [1,078 7,031 7,038 7,054 7,064 450-499 | 1,028 7,035 7,043 4,062 71,073. 500-543 | 1,093 7,082, 7,050 7,070 7,073) 550-699 _| 1,035 7,044 7,056 1,080 7,090. 600-643 | 1,040 4,048 7,058 1,085 7,095: 650-688 | 1,042 1,052 7,086 4,094 4,407 "700-743 | 1,045 7,087 7,089 4,100 1113 750-798_| 1,088 4,080 7,076 4410 | 4,428 300-843 _| 1,050 1,066 4,078 4444 4132, 350-899 | 1,052 4,070 7,085 4.4125. Tad 900.843 | 1,055 4,075 7,088 4,130 7,150 950-989 | 1,058 4,078 4,092 7,136 1157, Values for Fpy for the Temperatures of 93 to 97°F or 33.8 to 36.1°C SPECIFIC GRAVITY PRESSURE ogs-0s9 | 060-064 | 065-069 | 0,70-0,74 | 0,75-0.79 | 0,60- 0,64 os 4,002 4,002 7,003 7,003 7,004 7004 50-95 7,008 7,008 4,007 4,008) 4,010 7012, Foo-14s [1,008 7,010 4,012 4,014 4,016 7,018 150-188 | 4,017 1013 1,017 7,09) 7,024 1,024 200-268 1,018 1017 7,020 7,023 1077 7,030] 250-209 | 4,017 4,020 71,024 7,028 4,035 4,039 300-349 | 1,020 4,028 7,028 7,033 1,040 7,046 350-389] 1,024 4,027 7,033 7,033 4,087 7,054 400-449 | 1,024 7,030 7,038 7,046. 7,083 7,083. 450-489 | 1,027 4,034 7,042 7,051 1,080. 4,074 500-549 | 1,032 T0484 7,048 1,055 4,086 7,077 550-599 | 1,034 4,045, 7,054 7,082, 4,076 1,087 600-643| 1,039 4,047 7,056. 4,085 4,073 7,092 650-693 | 1,044 7,050 7,063 4,073 7,088 7,104 700-769] 1,084 7,055 7,085 4,077 7,088 7140 750-739] 1,045 7,058 4,072 1,085, 4102 Taz 00-849 | __1,048 7,064, 4,075 7,089) 41,107 7427 850-899 7,050 7,088. 7,081 4,087 4,416 1138 300-948 | 1,054 1,073 4,089 410% a7 1145 350-988 | 1,087 4,076 4,087 4108 426 1151low tes FLANGE TAPS EXPANSION FACTOR Y2 STATIC PRESSURE TAKEN FROM DOWNSTREAM TAP. com c 5 5 seen ED Pie. o B=—="Ratjo > -. Ratio wi 1 se Dee ROE: oy wey : 7 | me |e | os | a ST | tooee | oH08 Toaxa] Tees] 10000] 70608] T2000] e008] Ta008| 7.0000] Tanoe 7 an 6a) | x900r 5007) 4.0086 19006) 1.0008] 1.0008] 1.0006] 1.0006 | +9008] 1.0006 | 1.0008 2}, | ro0ts | tows oars | t90r2| t.00%2| 4.00%2| soosa! scos| +0034] xoons| toni 03! | s00z0 | +002 oais| tere] 1.00%8| 1.0038 | soos? | a0037| to0%6| taoxs] to876 oa) | s00zr | +0027 ‘0026 | +0028] 1.0024 +0024] 10023] 1.0023] +0022] 0022] +0024 0.5) | $0033 | +0033 003: | +9030 1.0028 10028] +0028] 1.0028 | +0027 | +0027 +0027 06 | 1.0040 1.0040 +0038 | +0036] 1.0036] 2.0035] 1.0034] 1.0033 | 10032] 2.0092] .009% oy | soar | ¥0ca7 ‘tooue | #9049 4.0042 ase 10038 | 10037 os | toot | 0083 4i00s0] nous | +0048 4004s | $0049 © | 0060 | s:0060 40087 | +9066 | 4.0054 +0083 | +0082 | s.c0s0 |--064e 40040 4.0048 ‘1a | s00er| 1.065 008s | #9061] 1.0060 +0088 | s.008a] x.00s6 | +0068 | 40084] +0063, rs | vo0ra| £873] s0073] 1.0071] s.0088| 4.0087] 1.0066 1.0085 | 1.0083 | +0064 1.0069 s.0088 | 42 | tooo | vecedy teers] to077| xo0rs | £0073} 0072 | 1.0073] 008s] 0067 1008s | e064 | 13. | teoar| ¥c087) 202s | toces | ¥o082 | +0080] s.07e| .0077 | s.0076| 1.0073 ‘ioor0| +0008 42 | Hoose| s.0083 | Y0089| 1.0090] 4.086 | 1.0086 | 008s] +0003 | .0ces| e078 ‘oore | ¢00r Te | sos00| ‘co toss | $oosr| tgs 4.00st| 2090 | tose | ocee | .2cn4 410085 0080 ss | 10103] 10107] sos06]| 10104] 10105] 10087] +0087 | 5.0086 | 1.0085 1.6080 1.9086 | 1.0088 45 | dome] 1orse| Hovis] torte] tore] tose] 20103] Lovo: | toces | tecs6 ‘ioos2 | 10084 42 | torr] do1z0| tore] qora7| tors] toro] s9108| s0%06 | Loves] tere ‘is7 | 40086 48 | toia| dorz7| torze| ters] Lowe] tons] 10118] torr | cero | tos0r 0103 | 40105 20 | cores Here9| t9132| tos2s| sores] covzz| tora | tone | uote) L013 ¥orve| 10108 as | somo] 1010] sors] sorse| s0133] s0128] wo127| 10124] n0722| won somal sors 22 | dover | terar| soiae| sesea | sanas| cosae] tora3| torso | toe | toms towza| dove £5 | totss| dotes| aves] tore] sous | rows] 10199] tore xo7ss | oxo tows | tous Z4 | fotso| doves | otes| roves] tosss | toe] noe] toms | s0738 | ors6 vowo| Lore Z| oter| dover | coves] tovez| doves | +0060] 10450 tons | 0748 | toa tons] tors 2 | roel sora] sos72| soree| sores | sates] rose6] 5.0154] 016%] soar] 10143 | somes] 1018 24 | olga] Korea | taies| corve| toar2| toner] sovee| voses| aoisa| s034| 0160 | sous] tome 24 | torer| Loree | sovss| totes] tears | tons] sovee | to%es | 1.0162) aise | tonsa | 40452 | ove Zs | Lose toroe| oise| rover] tore | tov77| torre | 40372 | a0%ee| 0364] nosso] 0467 | Lovee So. | tez00| toz00 | aoise| 0189] 4018s] tones sonso| t0%77| 10173] toves| ores | x.01e2| s.0160 a | +0207] 10206 | t.0205] 1.0200] 10195] roves] 10186] +0183] t017s| s0776] torr | 1.0168 | 038s 33. | doa | to21s | Lezts| toaoe| 40201 | totse| to1sz| to%es] to%es| 10320] tor7s| torra| 10771 33 | Lobse| Loz | toe] tozra| tozoe | vez02] to%s9| ¥ors6| aoiss| soias| coves] sovre| terre 34 | Lok | deze | S2zas| Yoets| vane | vozoe| toz0s | Ycz0s] to%s7| sois2| rover | xo%es | tose 3 | fobs | £0205 | Stzas] fozas| ¥o220 | rozxe | tozi0| x0z07| 1.0202] x0%s8] 0192 | torso | 10387 ae | 10240] 1.0228 | +0237] +0232] 1.0227 | 1.0720 | 1.0236] +.0212| 1.0208] 1.0203] 10198 | 1.0196] 10192 35 | Leeee| Loses | tazaa| tozse| Yozse | tozas| sozzs| 40217 | 4.0213] 4.0208 «0203 | 1.0200 | 10397 32 | tosee| tozse | soeso | tozee| Yozse | tezas | xozzr | 0229 1.0218) 1.0214| s.0208 | 10206 | 1.0203 33 | Ledss| dase] Yozer| t0es0| 40248 | xozar| 10254] sozze| a.0zzs | 4.0220 | r.ozaa] t.0zn1 SE | LGRSE| 1228s] tbdes | sess | Haass sezes | Hozeo | 4.0296] 4.0209] 10226 | 0220 | soaa7 | 0213FLANGE TAPS - STATIC PRESSURE TAKEN FROM DOWNSTREAM TAP d 2 B= — Ratio. ‘ z a i als samc, Ar de See Pecslgsat eee et soot esses) are os ae oe ee nn] et | oe ae ‘0.8 | T0008] ¥.0000| 0060] 10000] 70000] “o0ce| T0008} 7.0008] ¥.0000| 7.0000] tea | +0000] T0000 1 | 1.0005} 1.0008] t.0808 | 1.0006 1.0006 | 1.2008] 1.0004] 3.0004 1.0004 | 4.0004 | 1.0004 | 1.0004 | 1.0004 ‘2 | 0010] 1.0010} x.00%0| 10070 1.00:0| 1000s | 1.0008] 2.0008 | 1.0008) .0008/ +.cc08 | 4-0008 | 0007 3 | roots] 0018} 1.0018 | 1.0078 | 1.0014| 1.0074] soor4| xo013| 1.0013] xo0r2| s0012| 4.0049 | 0044 4 | t902t] t.0021} 1.0020 | 1.0020] 1.0018 | 10078] s00re| xo0ta| 4.00:7| .00%7| 40046 | +0038 | 006 | 10028] 1.0026} 1.0028 | 1.0025] 1.0024] 3.0024 | +0025] .0022| 1.0022] 1.0021] 4.9020 | 4.0018 | s.0019, 0.6 | 1.0031] 1.9030] 1.0030] 4.0028 | 1.0028 4.0027 | 1.0027] 1.0028] 1.0026] 1.0024] 1.0023 1.0022 1.0022 0:7 | +0036] 1.9038] 1.0038] +0034] 1.0033] +0032] 1.0031] 0031] 1.0030] 0029] 1.0028 1.0026 | 1.0025 0.8 | 1.0082] 110043] 4.0040] +.0038] 1.0038 | +0037 | +0036] 4.0036] s:0004] 3.0093 | +.0032 | 4:0031] 1.0028 0.0 | s.0087] 0048] +0048 | 10043] +0042 | 0041] 0040] 4.0038 s:0009| 4.0037 | 4.0036 | 4.0038 | 1.0033 4.0 | 4.0082] 1.0051] 1.0060] 1.0048 | +.0048 | 1.0045 | 1.0046] 1:0044 | 1.0043] 1:0041] 1.0040 | 1.0038 | 1.0037 1 | 1.0087 1.0056] 1.0088 | 1.0084] 1.0083] +0081] 1.0080] 1.0048 | 3.0047] 1.0046 | +.0044 | 1.0042] 1.0040 2 | 10082) 1.0064} 1.0060 | 1.0088 | 1.0087) 1.0086 | 1.0064) 1.0083 | 1.0081] 1.0060] 1.0048 | 7.0046] 1.0044 3 | 110067 | 1.0055] 3.0068 | 1.0084 | +.cc62| +0051} 1.0088]| 2.0088 | 3.0086) 1.0064 | x.0082/| 4.0050] t.o04e 4 | 1.0073] 0072] 0070] 1.0068 | 1.0087 | 10066 | 1.0083] 4.0052 | 0060] 3.0058 | 1.0086 | 4.0084 | 1.0062 5 | soxve} 1.0077] s.007s} 1.0074] e072] +0070] 1.0068 | 1.0087 | 1.0088] 1.0063 | 1.0060 1.0088 1.0086 1. | 3.0083] 1.0081] 1.0080] 1.0078 | 1.0076 1.0075] 1.0073] 2.0071 | 1.0088] 1.0066] 1.0064 | 1.0062] 1.0069, 4.7 | 0088] 3.0087] +0086] 1.0084 | 1.0082] 1.0080] +0178] a.0076| 1.0074] 007%] 4.0060 | 4.0086 | 4.0064 42 | tase | 410082] 4.0091} 5.0089 | 4.0087 | 0084 | 1.0182] 2.0020 1.0078] 1.0076] +0073 | 4.0070 | 4.0067 48 | 10086 | 4.0097 | 40086 | 4.0080 | ‘0001 | s0088 | a.0187 | 4.0084 | 4.0082] 4.0078 | 4.0077 | 4.0074 | ‘coors 2.0 | so104| 4.0102] s.0100| 1.0088 | 9086 | +0084 1.0182] 1.0029 | 1.0087] 1.0084] 1.008% 4.0078 | 1.0075 2.1 | sos] s0108] 1.0108 | 40103] 4.0101] 1.0189] 4.0096 | 3.0094 | 1.0091] 1.0088] 1.0096 | 1.0082| 1.0079 2:2. | sosse| sorte] so1t1| 40109 | to107| tet04 | 4.010%] 1.0088 | 4.0095 1.0084] 0098 | 4.0086 | 1.0009 23 | soir] sorsa| sorte] torte | tort] to10s | a.0106 | 1.0103 | 1.0100] +0087 | 1.0083 | 4.0080] 1.0088. 24 | xoize| sor24] so121| sorts | tors] tort | a.0142] totve | 1.0105] +0102] 1.0098 | 2.0086 | 1.0001 25 | xois1| so1ze| so1z6| 10123 | torz0| torte] a.er1e| 1.0112] s.0108] +0105] s9102| s.008e | 1.0054 6 | so1s6| s0196] 1.0191] 1.0128 | s.0125] 1.0129] s.0320] 1.0116] 1.0419] 1.0110] so108 | 4.0102] 1.0098 7 | xovs| so4s| sore] soras| xo752| t0129| 0726] 1.0123] 0449] v.0195] s0ns4| totor | 1.0103 's | tour] xorse| sores] to1a9| terss| teraz] 072s] s01za| coe] tor28| sore torso} s.0%08 ‘8 | xovez| sars0| so147| xo14e| sore1] tora7| 0734] s.0%s0| 1017 | to1z3| tore | tots] 10110 ‘o | xover| x0185| vo1s2| tors | sores] toraz| ae7a8| s.0138] 10101] torzr| corza| vovse| rose a | sore2| s0160] 1.0167] 1.0163 | 40180] x07 | 1.0143 | 1.0139] 1.0135] so0134| s0127 | 1.0129] 10118 32 | Cores] so18s| cowez| 1.0788 | to1ss] xore2 | 10748 | s.0144| 0140] to136| tor91| 0127 | 4.0122 3.3 | cova] sor70] cows | 10762 | xorss] sore6 | 1.0782] 0148 | come s0139| 10736] 1.0120] 1.0125 aa | xoive| sorrs| 0172] acres | sores] tor61 | 1.00187] 4.0153 | 10148] 1.0144] 1.0708 | a.0136| 4.0129 as | o1e2| sose0| so17| towa| sores] teres | 10181] 1.0157 | v01s1] sor4s | t014s| 4.0138] 4.0139 as | sotee| sores] 1012] soae| 40174] 1.0170] 10186] 10152] s.0180| 1.0183] t0748| 4.0149 | 1.0138 37 | xo1s2| sas90| cover | sea | torre] 1.0176 | 10174] 0156 | totez| a.ors7 | tors2| t.osa6| 4.0144 Sia | doisa| rote] corez| tows | toree | xee0 | 0176] oira| voe7| sore] tors | soses| dots 33 | dezes| t.0201| corer | 4c490 | sores] toes | tore0| 4.0176 | to%71] 1.0166 | rx0%80) 4.0186] 4.0949, 4. | torte] 2208] 1.0202] s.019e | 1.0184 1.0190] to1es| zova0] 0978) to170| 10164 | sors | 1.0153,cxZo ITER RECUCED PRESSURE EUBO Ps) Z yOldyy ALI TEISsFHEHOD < PSEUDO REDUCED PRESSURE