Construction Method and Project Management

LESSON 1
INTRODCTION OF CONSTRUCTION METHOD AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
LEARNING OUTCOMES
UPON  COMPLETION YOU WILL B ABLE TO :

1. Define Projects and Project Management

2. Prioritize alternatives in the project selection
3. Understand the main components of projects
4. Critically analyze and app
5. Project is temporary in that it has defined beginning and end in time, and
therefore defined scope and resources while project management is the application of
knowledge, sills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project
6. Be flexible with the project prioritization process and identifying urgent and
important project.
7. You must to know project budget, scope, timeline, leadership and most of it is
your project goals.
8. You have to analyze the start up, definition, planning, execution and close-out.
           WHAT ARE PROJECTS
   A unique set of coordinated activities, with a definite start and finishing point,
undertaken by an individual or organization to meet specific objectives within defined,
scheduled cost and performance parameters. A temporary endeavor undertaken to
provide a particular product or service.
What is Project Management ?
The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to protect activities in order to
meet or exceed stakeholders needs and expectations from a project.
What is the difference between a project and operation?
Operations are respective and ongoing
 Projects are temporary and unique
How do you define a combination of projects
May involve any number of related projects.
 Fundamental Components of Project Management
Know your scope            Know your objectives    
Now your strategy           Know your budget
Know your schedule
 `Know your customer
 Know your stakeholders
Know your PM methodologies
Know your quality
Know your environment
Know your risks
Know your resources
Know your CULTURE
Project Scope
The work that needs to be accomplished to deliver a product service or result with the
specified features and functions Project Management Institute.

1. M. A. R. T. Objectives
S – specific, significant, stretching
M – measurable, meaningful, motivational
A – agreed upon, attainable, achievable
R – realistic, relevant, reasonable, rewarding, result-oriented
T – time-based, timely, tangible, traceable
STRATEGY
Master Plan
Integrates
    Mission, Vision, Goals, Objectives, Resources, Tactics
Synchronizes
     Environmental Scanning and the organization’s needs
Implementation Guidelines
Monitoring and Evaluation
 
Project Budget
Quantification of resources needed to achieve a task by a set time, involving an amount
of work.
Financial and/or quantitative statement, prepared and approved prior to a defined
period, for the purpose of attaining a given objective for that period. The planned cost
for an activity or project.
 Project Schedule
Planned dates for starting and completing activities and milestones
Timelines for the project in one or more of the following forms: milestone, deliverables,
activities, deadlines.
Customer
The person, organization or group of stakeholders whose needs are satisfied by the
project.
Often, the are also be financial sponsors of the project.
Stakeholders
Persons and organizations such as customers, sponsors, performing organization and
the public, that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be positively
or negatively affected by execution or completion of the project.
Quality
The standards and criteria to which the project’s products must be delivered, for them to
perform effectively and efficiently to satisfy the needs of the customer and the project
sponsor.

LESSON 2
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
Planning and Scheduling: What?
   Provides a project plan/schedule that is essential in project time management.
Project Time Management

1. Planning

2. Scheduling
3. Tracking and Control
Planning and Scheduling is needed for:
Tracking and controlling project time and cost.
Claims analysis, quantification and defense.
Effective utilization of resources (labor, material and equipment).
For effective utilization of resources. You must have
   Money
  Machines
   Manpower
  Materials
Then: You need Budget, Time and Quantity
 
Planning allows us to develop a framework for
project execution, monitoring, and control.
Falling to Plan is Planning to Fail
 
Planning Determines:

1. What must be done?

2. How is to be performed?
3. What sequential order it will follow?
4. Who will perform the task?
Planning Requires:
    Ability to visualize discrete work elements
    Intimate knowledge of construction methods
    Establishing interdependencies
Project Planning
Time (schedule) plan      Subcontracting plan
Cost plan                             Quality plan
Procurement plan           Communication plan
Safety plan                         Organizational plan        
Ongoing task that continues throughout the life of the project
`“Plans are nothing, Planning is everything”
`Key Elements:

1. Generate Work Breakdown Structure ( WBS) and Activity List

2. Estimate Activity Duration Cost.
3. Determine job logic((sequential relationships among activities).
4. Draw graphic presentation in a network.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): What?
A deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the
project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.
         Uses of WBS
 Scope
 Cost
 Schedule
 Responsibility
KEEP IN MIND                          
1. The detail of a work package.

2. Difference between work package and construction tasks.

3. WBS is a visual breakdown and not a schedule.
4.Change in WBS – change in project scope; it is a formal documents.

5. Organizational hierarchy vs. WBS.

A project code system
Provide the framework for project planning and control as a means of communication
Benefits`
 Reducing Complexity
 Consistency
 Retrieval of historical records
Types of Coding Systems

1. Standard code
2. Project code
3. Standard Code
A systematic classification and categorization of all items of work(or cost) pertaining to a
specific type of construction(e.g.) Commercial
building construction, institutional building construction etc.
Purpose of Standard Code
Provides a comprehensive checklist of all items of work that can be found in a specific
type of construction.
 Provides for uniformity, transfer and comparison of information among projects.

1. Project Code`
Is systematic classification and categorization of all items of work or cost pertaining to a
specific project.
 LESSON 3
CONTRACTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Contract Specifications means, with respect to any Contract, the rules or other trading
protocols containing specifications for such Contract as adopted, amended,
supplemental or otherwise modified from time to time by the Exchange.
HOW TO WRITE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTRACT
                    Some principle guidelines for writing specifications:
 The layout and grouping of subjects should be logical.
 Requirements for each subject should be stated clearly, in logical order, and
checked to see all aspects are covered.
 Language and punctuation should be checked to see they cannot give rise to
ambiquity.
 Legal terms and phrases should not be used.
 To define obligations the words ‘ shall’ or         ‘ must’ (not should or ‘its to’, etc.)
 Quality must be precisely defined, not described as ‘best’. Etc.
 Brevity should be sought by keeping to essential matters.
IMPORTANCE SPECIFICATION IN CONSTRUCTION
It provides clear instructions on the intent, performance and construction of the
project.
It can reference the quality and standards which should be applied.
 Materials and manufacturers’ products can be clearly dfined.
 
PURPOSE OF THE DESIGN SPECIFICATION
A design specification is a detailed document providing a list of points regarding
product or process. For example, the design could include required dimensions,
environmental factors, ergonomic factors, aesthetic factors, maintenance that will be
needed, etc.
IMPORTANCE OF REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
It is documented by the developer of the software for the clients and users and
describes the purpose of the software
It gives a detailed overview of the software product, its parameters and goals.
15 REASONS WHY SPECIFICATION ARE STILL IMPORTANT IN CONTRACT
Specifications are still important as ever-ever as the constructions industry undergoes
digital revolution. In fact, it’s the specification documentation that serve as the backbone
of your entire digital project.
1. It can reference the quality and standards which should be applied.
2. It provides clear instructions on the intent, performance and construction of the
project.
3. Materials’ and manufacturers’ products clearly define.
4. The requirement for installation,  testing and handover can be identified.
5. Classification in the specification can be used to support handover and running of
the asset.

6. The drawing or model does not need to be over with detailed information, which
can be difficult to identify.
7. It can be used to support the costing of a project: not only the materials and
products but also the performance and workmanship.
8. The specification forms part of the contractual documents, along with the
drawings, and therefore can help minimize project risk and provide support should there
be any legal disputes.
9. It can supports the interpretation of the client brief and gives the client assurance
that the asset which they commissioned is being delivered.
10.    It is not only essential for the construction  phase but also used as part of the
soft landing process, subsequent asset management and the lifecycle plan.
11.    By being clear and concise and containing all the information, it saves the
project team, the client and the contractor time and money by providing answers to
many of the on-site construction questions.
12.   There is the option or the design team to build a suite of office masters, which
would improve efficiency, provide quality assurance and project consistency.
13. Office masters can save the team time and money by being developed over a
period of time and then being adapted to suit the project specifics, therefore drawing on
specialist knowledge when needed.
14. The specification should be used by all the project team throughout the
construction phase; it should be a living document and not stop being used at the
design phase.
15. The specification and any variations or value engineering can also be used for
the project audit trail and should form part of the handover documents. It will then form
the basis for the running of the asset by the asset management team.
WHEN SHOULD YOU WRITE A CONTRACT AND SPECIFICATION

1. Clear definition
       As a supporting document, the specification  of contract is your opportunity to make
your requirements on a project clear.

2. Support your drawings

       Drawing alone can’t convey all your requirements. Supporting drawings with
comprehensive and detailed specification will save you time and effort in the long run.

3. Ensure accurate pricing

       While the specification itself wont’ include cost information if it is well-composed and
suitability detailed, it should make it easy for a contractor to price the job quickly and
accurately.

4. Ability to minimize risk

      A specification that draws on relevant and up-to-date standards and accurately
references the drawings should, therefore, help you minimize risk of dispute and legal
action on a project.

5. Ability to improve compliance

       Timely and efficient statutory  compliance help you avoid legal implications and
penalties on a project and reduces the risk of prosecution.

6. Clear instruction delivering your project

       A good specification should serve as an ‘ on-site instruction manual’. In stating
clearly the standards that you expect the workmanship to be completed to you are
effectively providing instruction to those woring on the job to follow.
7.Legally binding
      On how you are better protected from risk already, but it is worth remembering that
the specification forms part of the contract documentation and therefore becomes
legally binding in the event of any dispute or litigatation.

8. Client satisfaction
       The specification is an interpretation of the initial brief provided by your client. It
serves as written interpretation of that brief and by ensuring that you have fully
understood the client’s wishes and the assets that they require, it serve as a key check
on performance critrria.

9. Facilities management
       The specification will not stay as a static document-it will develop and evolve across
the project timeline as you eventually end up with an “ as built” version that represents
the final asset.
 

10. Time and money

        Taking the time to collate accurate information, clear instruction and minimal
repetition will allow the contractor to proceed with little disruption, with a reduced need
for questioning and clarification, all of which add time and costs to a project.
4 TYES OF CONTRACT AND SPECIFICATION

1. Product Specification
       This describes a manufacture’s product and its performance without consideration
for a particular building.

2. Project Specification
       This describes an architect’s design and performance requirements for a particular
building. It might contain requirements for how a product should be used for the
building.

3. Master Specification
       This a template an architect can use to help him or her create a Project
Specification . It may contain requirements for several products to help architect select
the one or ones best suited for a particular project.

4. Guide Specification
       This a type of master specification that is published by a building product
manufacturer to help an architect write a project specification that is based on the
manufacture’s products. There are publishers that, for a fee, will a guide specification
for manufacturer and publish the specification on the publisher’s  website.