Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Test Bank

Chapter 08: Infectious Processes

Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. An infectious disease that is common in a community is termed

a. endemic.
b. epidemic.
c. pandemic.
d. partdemic.
ANS: A
An infectious disease that has a fairly constant presence in a community and changes little
from year to year is classified as endemic. An epidemic is a significant increase in new
infections in a certain population. A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread to a large
geographic area, even worldwide. Partdemic is not a term that pertains to infectious
diseases.

2. The most common method of disease transmission is

a. airborne.
b. droplet.
c. vector.
d. inoculant.
ANS: B
The most common transmission occurs through the exchange of body fluids (droplet) from
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kissing or sexual intercourse.UAirborne TB.COM is not the most common method of
disease transmission. Vector is not the most common method of disease transmission.
Inoculant transmission is not the most common method of disease transmission.

3. Immune function is likely to be most effective in a

a. newborn.
b. 7-month-old infant.
c. 30-year-old.
d. 70-year-old.
ANS: C
Immune function is most effective in middle life. Newborns have an immature immune
system. In older infants, maternal IgG that crossed the placenta at birth begins to fade over
the first 6 months of life, and these babies are at greater risk for serious infection. Immunity
tends to decline in the elderly resulting in reduced antibody responses to new antigens. The
very young and the very old are more susceptible to infection because of immature or
degenerating immune functions.

4. A characteristic of some bacteria

a. is intracellular parasite.
b. is composed of RNA or DNA.
c. contains cell wall endotoxin.
d. cannot replicate extracellularly.

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 Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Test Bank

ANS: C
Some bacteria contain endotoxin in the cell wall. Viruses are intracellular parasites using
host cell components to replicate; bacteria do not use host cell components to replicate.
Viruses are composed of RNA or DNA, as opposed to bacteria. Bacteria can replicate
extracellularly.

5. The term used to describe fungal infections is

a. sepsis.
b. mycoses.
c. amebiasis.
d. Chlamydia.
ANS: B
Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses. Sepsis means an overwhelming infection that
may lead to shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Sepsis can be caused by any organism.
Amebiasis is an infection caused by a protozoan parasite. Chlamydia is a bacterial infection.

6. Drug resistance of microbes occurs secondary to

a. patient allergy to a drug.
b. mutation of the microbe.
c. enhance pathogenicity of the microbe.
d. using high doses of drugs.
ANS: B
Drug resistance develops secondary to chance mutations of microbes in response to a
change in the host’s environment. Patient allergy to a drug does not cause drug resistance.
Although drug resistance may lead to enhanced pathogenicity of a microbe, pathogenicity
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does not lead to drug resistance.
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Using TB.C OMof a drug to treat infection leads to drug
doses
resistance.

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Dietary zinc is an important defense against infection, because it maintains (Select all that
apply.)
a. natural killer cell function.
b. lymphocyte activity.
c. antioxidant activity.
d. neutrophil activity.
e. complement activity.
ANS: A, B, D, E
Decreased availability of zinc results in a reduction in natural killer cell function,
lymphocyte activity, neutrophil function, and complement activity. Zinc does not maintain
antioxidant activity.

2. Characteristics of immunization include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Giving injections of preformed antibodies provides immediate immunity.
b. Immunization provides life-long immunity.
c. Immunization with killed vaccines may lead to infection from the agent.
d. Herd immunity controls disease without immunizing everyone in the population.

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 Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Test Bank

e. Lack of immunization may lead to an epidemic.

ANS: A, D, E
Injections of preformed antibodies to an organism provide immediate immunity to disease
caused by that organism. Herd immunity controls disease, because a certain percentage of
the population is no longer susceptible to the disease. Lack of immunization may lead to an
epidemic. Immunization does not provide lifelong immunity. For example, immunization
with preformed antibodies is temporary. The CDC monitors disease outbreaks and
recommends additional boosters for some infectious diseases. Immunization with killed
vaccines does not lead to infection from the agent, as the organism is no longer living.

3. Risk of infection is increased in (Select all that apply.)

a. use of corticosteroids.
b. diabetes mellitus.
c. spleen removal.
d. stomach removal.
e. stress.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Use of corticosteroids depresses immune function and increases risk of infection. Diabetes
mellitus increases risk of infection resulting from high blood sugar, decreased resistance to
infection, and inability to sense pain secondary to neuropathies. Spleen removal increases
susceptibility to infection as one of its functions was phagocytosis of encapsulated bacteria.
Stress increases hormones that affect immune responsiveness. The stomach is not an organ
that affects immune function; therefore, removal of the stomach does not increase the risk
for infection.
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