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rcc1 PDF
rcc1 PDF
30 Jun 92
APPENDIX B
B-1. General
Derivations of the design equations given in paragraphs 4-2 through 4-4 are
presented below. The design equations provide a general procedure that may be
used to design members for combined flexural and axial load.
a. Balanced Condition
From Figure B-1, the balanced condition, Equations 4-3 and 4-4 can be derived
as follows:
From equilibrium,
Pu
0.85 fc′ b ku d Asfs (B-1)
φ
let
a kud (B-2)
ju d d
2 2
Pue ′
0.85 fc′ b ku d jud (B-3)
φ
P ue ′ kud
0.85 fc′ b ku d d
φ 2
ku2 (B-4)
0.85 fc′ bd 2 ku
2
B-1
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cb εc
d εc εy
kbd
β εc (B-5)
1
d εc εy
fy
since ε y = __
Es
β1Es ε c
kb (B-6, Eq. 4-4)
Es ε c fy
Pbe ′
since eb′ (B-7)
Pb
′
eb is obtained by substituting Equations B-4 and B-1 into Equation B-7 with
ku = kb, fs = fy and Pu = Pb.
Therefore
eb′ 2kb kb2
d fy ρ (B-9, Eq. 4-3)
2kb
0.425fc′
B-2
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Therefore,
h bd 2
φ Mn φ 0.85 fc′ ku fyρ e ′ 1 (B-12, Eq. 4-6)
d 2d
which reduces to
fy ρ e ′
ku2 2 e′ 1 ku 0 (B-14)
d 0.425fc′ d
e′ ρ fy e′ e′ (B-15, Eq. 4-7)
2
ku 1 0.425f ′ d 1
d d
c
B-3
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e ′ h bd 2
φ Mn φ 0.85 fc′ ku ρ fs 1 (B-17)
d 2d
c εc
d εc εs
or
k ud
β εc
1
d εc εs
Therefore,
Es ε c β 1 ku (B-18, Eq. 4-10)
fs
ku
′ Es ε c β1 ku
0.85 f ku bde ′
c ρbde ′
ku (B-19)
B-4
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′
ku3 2 e
′
1 ku2 Es ε c ρ e k β1Es ε cρe ′
0 (B-20, Eq. 4-11)
d 0.425f ′ d u 0.425fc′ d
c
a. Balanced Condition
Using Figure B-2, the balanced condition, Equation 4-13 can be derived as
follows:
From equilibrium,
Pu
0.85 fc′ kubd fs′ ρ ′ bd fs ρbd (B-21)
φ
Pue ′
0.425 fc′ 2ku ku2 bd 2 fs′ ρ ′ bd(d d ′) (B-22)
φ
As in Equation B-6,
β1Es ε c
kb (B-23)
Es ε c fy
Pbe ′
since eb′ (B-24)
Ps
B-5
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fs′ ρ ′
2kb kb2 d (d d ′ )
0.425 fc′
eb′
fs ρ ′ fy ρ
2kb
0.425 fc′ 0.425 fc′
or
d′
fs′ ρ ′ 1
2kb k 2 d
b
eb′ 0.425 fc′ (B-26, Eq. 4-13)
d fy ρ fs′ ρ ′
2kb
0.425 fc′ 0.425 fc′
h bd 2
φ Mn φ 0.85 fc′ ku ρ ′ fs′ ρfy e ′ 1 (B-28, Eq. 4-15)
d 2d
ε s′ εy kud
; fs′ Es ε s′ ; c
c d′ d c β1
B-6
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Therefore,
εy
fs′
kud kud
β d′ d
Es 1 β1
or
ku β1 d ′
f ′ d Es ε y (B-29, Eq. 4-16)
s
β 1 ku
e′
β1 ku2 fy e′ d′ ρe ′
ku3 2
d
1
0.425f ′ ρ ′ d d
1
d
c
(B-31, Eq. 4-17)
fy β 1 d′ e′ ρe ′
2 β1 e ′ 1 ku ′
ρ ′ d′ 1
d 0.425fc d d d d
B-7
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e ′ h bd 2
φ Mn φ 0.85 fc′ ku ρ ′ fs′ ρ fs 1 (B-33, Eq. 4-19)
d 2d
εs εc kud
; fs Es ε s ; c
d c c β1
Also,
ε s′ εc
c d′ c
Es ε c ku β1 d ′ (B-35, Eq. 4-21)
f s
′ d
ku
B-8
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Substituting Equations B-34 and B-35 with kb = ku into Equation B-36 gives
Es ε c d ′ k
ku3 2 e′ 1 ku2 ′
(ρ ρ′) e′ ρ′ 1
d 0.425fc d d u
(B-37, Eq. 4-22)
β1Es ε c
ρ′ d′ e′ d′ 1 ρ e′ 0
0.425fc′ d d d d
Therefore,
φ Pn(max) 0.8φ (ρ ρ ′ ) fy bd (B-39, Eq. 4-23)
From equilibrium
φ Pn φ Asfy As′ fs′
or
φ Pn φ ρ fy ρ ′ fs′ bd (B-40, Eq. 4-24)
and
h e ′ d
φ Mn φ Pn 1
2d d
B-9
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or
h e ′ bd 2
φ Mn φ ρ fy ρ ′ fs′ 1 (B-41, Eq. 4-25)
2d d
ε s′ εy
a d′ a d
ku d′
f ′
fy d (B-42, Eq. 4-26)
s
ku 1
ρ′ d′ 1 d′ e′ ρ e′
ku d d d d (B-44, Eq. 4-27)
ρ e ′ ρ′ 1 d′ e′
d d d
c. The case where (e ′/d) < 0 is similar to the combined flexural and
compression case. Therefore, ku is derived in a manner similar to the
derivation of Equation B-15 and is given as
e′ e′ ρ fy e′ (B-45, Eq. 4-28)
2
ku 1 1 0.425f ′ d
d d
c
B-10
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B-11
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B-12
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B-13