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Pdvsa: Engineering Design Manual
Pdvsa: Engineering Design Manual
Pdvsa: Engineering Design Manual
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA N° TITLE
APPD.BY José Gilarranz DATE AUG.85 APPD.BY Antonio Ortiz DATE AUG.85
E1994 ESPECIALISTAS
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA 0602.1.472
PDVSA
REVISION FECHA
Index
1 PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 TANK–DIKE SPACING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 EARTH DIKES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.1 Dike Design Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.2 Earth Dike Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.3 Initial Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4 Dike Dimensions and Slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 EROSION PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 ACCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.1 Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.2 Vehicular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7 DIKE BASINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7.2 Impervious Dike Basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8 GRADING AND DRAINAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8.1 Sump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8.2 Drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
9 GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
10 SAFETY STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA 0602.1.472
PDVSA
REVISION FECHA
1 PURPOSE
This guide presents considerations pertinent to the design and construction of
earth dikes for tank farms.
2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
2.1 Diked areas are used to retain accidental discharge of product from above ground
tanks in order to prevent the liquid from endangering adjacent, facilities, property
or waterways. Stormwater control, protection of tanks from high water and
pollution control may also be required.
2.2 Other methods such as concrete dikes, and diversion systems are used to control
tank spillages. Normally, the diversion system will channel the drainage by gravity
to an impounding basin.
2.3 Concrete dikes, dikes and basins for permanent storage or water treatment,
earthdams and diversion systems are not covered in this guide.
3 TANK–DIKE SPACING
Spacing between tank shell and dike shall not be less than tank shell height.
Spacing between adjacent tanks shall not be less than 1 – 1/2 diameters of the
smaller tank. For all cases, tank–dike spacing could be determined by installation
design or local requirements.
Dike content capacity shall not be less than 150% of tank volume. If more than
one tank inside dike, dike content capacity shall be at least 150% of larger tank
volume, plus displaced volume of the rest of tanks.
4 EARTH DIKES
4.1 Dike Design Basis
Design dikes sufficiently impervious to contain a product spill for a period of time
adequate for recovery and cleanup. They shall be capable of withstanding a full
hydrostatic head of water, and seismic vibrations, in accordance with Engineering
Specification PDVSA FJ–251, “Metallic Tanks Seismic Design”.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA 0602.1.472
PDVSA
REVISION FECHA
TANK SIDE
VARIES
(1 FT) IMPERVIOUS
CORE
0.3 m (1 ft)
150 mm – 200 mm
(6 in – 8 in)
IF NOT SAND
460 mm (18 in)
IF SAND
PDVSA
REVISION FECHA
5 EROSION PROTECTION
The method most widely used consists of one prime coat with a mixture of 75%
Asphalt RC–2 and 25% kerosene, pressured sprayed at a rate of 1,2 to 1,5 l/m2
(depending on soil), and a second coat of 100% Asphalt RC–2.
Other methods for erosion protection are wire mesh, granular aggregate and
PC–2 asphalt, precast concrete panels. Erosion protection method shall be
approved by Owner.
6 ACCESS
6.1 Personnel
For dikes over 1000 mm (3 ft.) in height provide means of crossing at locations
of normal ingress and egress. Use concrete stairs, prefabricated stairs or a ramp
with handrails.
6.2 Vehicular
When vehicular access is required for dikes with low or moderately high dike walls,
an earth ramp is provided. ramps shall have a minimum width of 3.7 m (12 ft.) and
should not exceed a 15 percent grade. Compact the ramp to 95% of maximum
obtained in ASTM D 1557 and cover with a minimum of 150 mm (6 in) of
compacted stone or shell. Instead of the above an asphalt concrete surface can
be provided.
7 DIKE BASINS
7.1 Requirements
Dike basins are used to prevent seepage into underground soils. Local
regulations may require dike basins to be impervious for certain classes of liquids.
Consideration should be given to make a dike basin impervious only under special
conditions such as:
– Extremely porous soil.
– Contamination of water table, water ways or other surface waters.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA 0602.1.472
PDVSA
REVISION FECHA
8.1 Sump
Provide a sump with valved drains at the lower corner of the basin. Sump
dimensions are:
Area 0.84 m2 ( 9 ft.2)
Depth 600 mm minimum (2 ft.)
8.2 Drains
Drainpipe is a steel pipe through the dike with a normally closed indicating valve
outside the dike that will be operable during a fire. Drains are provided with seals
to prevent the spread of flame through the drainage system when flammable
materials are stored, in accordance with Engineering Specification PDVSA
H–251, “Drain Systems”.
9 GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANT
Recommendations for dike materials, dike construction, basin materials and
construction shall be provided by the Geothechnical Consultant. The maximum
height, slopes, slope protection and special conditions shall also be supplied.
10 SAFETY STANDARDS
Venezuelan Fire Prevention and Protection Standard shall apply. If should there
be any discrepancies between this Guide and PDVSA Risk Engineering Manual,
the more stringent shall apply, with previous approval of Owner’s representative.