History of The Internet

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The Declaration of the

Rights of Netizens
------------------------------
------------
DO NOT
UNDERESTIMATE THE
POWER OF THE NET
and NETIZENS
In recognition that the
net represents a
revolution in human
communications that
was built by a
cooperative non-
commercial
process, the following
Declaration of the
Rights of the Netizen
is presented for Netizen
comment.

As Netizens are those
who take responsibility
and care for the
Net, the following are
proposed to be their
rights:

o Universal access at no or low cost
o Freedom of Electronic
Expression to promote
the exchange
of knowledge without
fear of reprisal
o Uncensored
Expression
o Access to Broad
Distribution
o Universal and Equal
access to knowledge
and information
o Consideration of
one's ideas on their
merits
o No limitation to
access to read, to post
and to otherwise
contribute
o Equal quality of
connection
o Equal time of
connection
o No Official
Spokesperson
o Uphold the public
grassroots purpose and
participation
o Volunteer
Contribution - no
personal profit from the
contribution freely
given by others
o Protection of the
public purpose from
those who would use it
for their private and
money making
purposes

The Net is not a Service, it is a Right. It is only

valuable
when it is collective and universal. Volunteer
effort protects
the intellectual and technological common-
wealth that is being created.
Table of Contents
Title Page
1. How It All Started

2. Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background
27. W3C
28. W3C
29. W3C
30. W3C
31. W3C
32. W3C
33. W3C
34. W3C
35. W3C Team
36. Next Session
Slide source
Check: HTML | CSS | Links | Spelling
Inspiration from: RFC 3 (1969), Thomas Paine, Declaration of
Independence (1776), Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen (1789), NSF Acceptable Use Policy, Jean Jacques Rousseau,
and the current cry for democracy worldwide.
The Matrix: J.C.R. Licklider(1915-1990)
J.C.R. Licklider may well be one of the most influential people in the history of computer science.
As Director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), a division of the Pentagon's
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), Licklider from 1963-64 put in place the funding
priorities which would lead to the Internet, and the invention of the "mouse," "windows" and
"hypertext." Together these elements comprise the foundation of our networked society, and it
owes much of its existence to the man who held the purse-strings, and also created a
management culture where graduate students were left to run a multi-million dollar research
project.
Proposed Declaration of the Rights of Netizens We Netizens have begun to put together a
Declaration of the Rights of Netizens and are requesting from other Netizens contributions, ideas,
and suggestions of what rights should be included. Following are some beginning ideas. The
Declaration of the Rights of Netizens:
------------------------------------------
In recognition that the net represents a revolution in human communications that was built by a
cooperative non-commercial process, the following Declaration of the Rights of the Netizen is
presented for Netizen comment. As Netizens are those who take responsibility and care for the
Net, the following are proposed to be their rights: o Universal access at no or low cost o Freedom
of Electronic Expression to promote the exchange of knowledge without fear of reprisal o
Uncensored Expression o Access to Broad Distribution o Universal and Equal access to knowledge
and information o Consideration of one's ideas on their merits o No limitation to access to read, to
post and to otherwise contribute o Equal quality of connection o Equal time of connection o No
Official Spokesperson o Uphold the public grassroots purpose and participation o Volunteer
Contribution - no personal profit from the contribution freely given by others o Protection of the
public purpose from those who would use it for their private and money making purposes The Net
is not a Service, it is a Right. It is only valuable when it is collective and universal. Volunteer effort
protects the intellectual and technological common-wealth that is being created. DO NOT
UNDERESTIMATE THE POWER OF THE NET and NETIZENS. Inspiration from: RFC 3 (1969),
Thomas Paine, Declaration of Independence (1776), Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen (1789), NSF Acceptable Use Policy, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and the current cry for
democracy worldwide.
============================================================
===
How It All Started
Tim Berners-Lee
W3C Tenth Anniversary
1 Dec 2004
How It All Started
Tim Berners-Lee
Director, World Wide Web Consortium
Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1945: Vannevar Bush
 1960: J.C.R Licklider
 1962: Douglas Englebart
 1965: Ted Nelson
 1969: ARPANET
 1971: Ray Tomlinson
 1974: Vint Cerf / Bob Kahn
 1978: TCP/IP
1945: Vannevar Bush article In Atlantic Monthly about a photo-electrical mechanical device called
a Memex, for memory extension, which could make and follow links between documents on
microfiche
W3C10 timeline graphic
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
1960: J.C.R. Licklider, Man Computer Symbiosis
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
1962: Douglas Englebart publishes "AUGMENTING HUMAN INTELLECT: A Conceptual Framework"
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
1965: Ted Nelson coins the term "Hypertext" in "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing,
and the Indeterminate". 20th National Conference, New York, Association for Computing
Machinery
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
1968: Douglas Englebart demonstrates Online System (NLS).
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
1969: Advanced Research Projects Agency commissions ARPANET to conduct research on

networking. First ARPANET nodes connected.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
1971: Ray Tomlinson of BBN creates email program to send messages across a distributed
network.
1972: Tomlinson expands program to ARPANET users, using the "@" sign as part of the address.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection", which
specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
1978: Part of TCP splits off, becoming the Internet Protocol (IP).
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1980: Tim Berners-Lee
 1984: Paul Mockapetris
1980: While consulting for CERN, Tim Berners-Lee writes a notebook program, "Enquire-Within-
Upon-Everything", which allows links to be made between arbitrary nodes.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1984: Paul Mockapetris
1984: Paul Mockapetris introduces Domain Name System (DNS).

 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
Mar: "Information Management: A Proposal" written by Tim Berners-Lee and circulated for
comments at CERN.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 May: Info Management v2
 End: WorldWideWeb browser
May: Information Management: A proposal, version 2 published.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 May: Info Management v2
 End: WorldWideWeb browser
End 1990: Development begins for first browser (called "WorldWideWeb"), editor, server, and
line-mode browser. Culminates in first Web client-server communication over Internet in
December 1990.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Dec: Hypertext '91
Dec: Hypertext '91 Conference in San Antonio, Texas (USA). TBL paper on Web only accepted as
poster session.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Jun: Xerox
 Aug: MIT/LCS
 Dec: Web Server outside Europe
Jun: TimBL visits Xerox, hosted by Larry Masinter.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Jun: Xerox
 Aug: MIT/LCS
TimBL visits MIT/LCS hosted by Karen Sollins.

 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Jun: Xerox
 Aug: MIT/LCS
Dec: First Web server outside of Europe set up at Stanford University.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Jan: Browser numbers
 Mar: NCSA Mosaic
 Apr: Royalty-free
 Jun: Dale Dougherty
 Nov: David Gifford
Jan: Number of browsers increasing and includes Midas, Erwise, Viola, and Samba.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
Mar: NCSA releases first alpha version of Mosaic for X Windows.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
Apr: CERN agrees to allow anyone to use Web protocol and code royalty-free.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
Jun: Dale Dougherty of O'Reilly hosts WWW Wizards Workshop in Cambridge Massachusetts, USA
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
Nov: At a Newcastle, U.K. conference, Tim Berners-Lee discusses the future of the Web with MIT's
David Gifford, who suggests that Tim contact Michael Dertouzos.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Mark Andreessen
 Internet access
Mark Andreessen and colleagues leave NCSA to form Mosaic Communications Corp., which later
became Netscape.
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Mark Andreessen
 Internet access
Traditional dial-up systems (CompuServe, AOL, Prodigy) begin to provide Internet access.
W3C
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Feb: Michael Dertouzos
 Apr: Alan Kotok
 Oct: W3C
Feb: Tim Berners-Lee meets Michael Dertouzos in Zurich to discuss possibility of starting new
organization at MIT
W3C
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Apr: Alan Kotok
 Oct: W3C
Apr: Alan Kotok, then at DEC, visits CERN to discuss creation of Consortium
W3C
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Apr: Alan Kotok
 Oct: W3C
1 Oct: W3C created.
W3C
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Apr: INRIA
 Jun: Content Rating WS
Apr: INRIA becomes W3C Host in Europe.

W3C
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Apr: INRIA
 Jun: Content Rating WS
Jun: First W3C Workshop, on Content Rating; leads to PICS.

W3C
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Jun: Peabody meeting
 Sep: Keio University
Jun: In response to "Peabody meeting" W3C forms Process ERB

W3C
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Jun: Peabody meeting
 Sep: Keio University
Sep: Keio University becomes W3C Host in Asia.
W3C
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 Jan: HTML 3.2
W3C publishes first W3C Recommendation for HTML — HTML 3.2.

W3C Team
W3C Team photo, November 2001, Courmettes, France.
Photo courtesy of Karl Dubost.
Next Session
The Impact on Science and Industry by Denis Lacroix (Amadeus e-Travel), Teri Richman (National
Association of Convenience Stores), Moderator: Michel Cosnard (INRIA and ERCIM)
All W3C10 Sessions
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
Document Checked
 Character encoding: UTF-8

 Level of HTML: HTML 4.01 Transitional
Congratulations, no errors!
Input
1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
3 <html>
4 <head>
5
6 <title></title>
7
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div class="google_header" id="google_header">
11 <p> </p>
12 <h1><font size="7">The Declaration of the Rights of Netizens</font></h1>
13 <p></p>
14 <div style="text-align: center;"><a
href="http://memex.org/Licklider_portrait.JPG" target="_blank"><img
alt="http://memex.org/Licklider_portrait.JPG"
src="http://memex.org/Licklider_portrait.JPG" style="width: 100%;"></a></div>
15 <p></p>
16 </div>
17 <center><font size="7">------------------------------------------</font>
18 <h1><i><font size="7"> DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE THE POWER OF THE NET and
NETIZENS</font></i></h1>
19 <br>
20 <br>
21 <br>
22 <div style="text-align: justify;">
23 <blockquote>
24 <h1><font size="7">In recognition that the net represents a revolution in
human</font></h1>
25 </blockquote>
26 </div>
27 <h1 style="text-align: justify;"><font size="7"> communications that was built
by a cooperative non-commercial</font></h1>
28 <h1 style="text-align: justify;"><font size="7"> process, the following
Declaration of the Rights of the Netizen</font></h1>
29 <h1 style="text-align: justify;"><font size="7"> is presented for Netizen
comment.</font></h1>
30 <h1 style="text-align: justify;"> </h1>
31 <h1 style="text-align: justify;"><font size="7"> As Netizens are those who take
responsibility and care for the</font></h1>
32 <h1 style="text-align: justify;"><font size="7"> Net, the following are proposed
to be their rights:</font></h1>
33 <h1> </h1>
34 <ul type="circle"><li style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">
35 <h2 style="text-align: left;"><font size="7"> <font face="arial narrow">o
Universal access at no or low cost</font></font></h2>
36 </li>
37 <li style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">
38 <h2 style="font-family: Arial Narrow; text-align: left;"><font size="7"> o
Freedom of Electronic Expression to promote the exchange</font></h2>
39 </li>
41 <h2 style="font-family: Arial Narrow; text-align: left;"><font size="7">
   of knowledge without fear of reprisal</font></h2>
42 </li>
Uncensored Expression</font></h2>
45 </li>
Access to Broad Distribution</font></h2>
48 </li>
Universal and Equal access to knowledge and information</font></h2>
51 </li>
Consideration of one's ideas on their merits</font></h2>
54 </li>
56 <h2 style="font-family: Arial Narrow; text-align: left;"><font size="7"> o No
limitation to access to read, to post and to otherwise contribute</font></h2>
57 </li>
59 <h2 style="font-family: Arial Narrow; text-align: left;"><font size="7"> o Equal
quality of connection</font></h2>
60 </li>
62 <h2 style="font-family: Arial Narrow; text-align: left;"><font size="7"> o Equal
time of connection</font></h2>
63 </li>
65 <h2 style="font-family: Arial Narrow; text-align: left;"><font size="7"> o No
Official Spokesperson</font></h2>
66 </li>
Uphold the public grassroots purpose and participation</font></h2>
69 </li>
Volunteer Contribution - no personal profit from the</font></h2>
72 </li>
74 <h2 style="font-family: Arial Narrow; text-align: left;"><font size="7">
   contribution freely given by others</font></h2>
75 </li>
Protection of the public purpose from those who would use it for their private and
money making purposes</font></h2>
78 </li>
79 <li><br>
80 </li></ul>
81 <h1 style="text-align: left;"> </h1>
82 <h1 style="text-align: left;"> </h1>
83 <blockquote>
84 <h1><font size="5"> The Net is not a Service, it is a Right. It is only
valuable</font></h1>
85 <h1><font size="5"> when it is collective and universal. Volunteer effort
protects</font></h1>
86 <h1><font size="5"> the intellectual and technological common-wealth that
is being created.</font></h1>
87 <br>
88 </blockquote>
89 <br>
90 <h1> </h1>
91 <font size="7"><br>
92 </font>
93 <h1><font size="2">Inspiration from: RFC 3 (1969), Thomas Paine, Declaration
of</font></h1>
94 <h1><font size="2"> Independence (1776), Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
the</font></h1>
95 <h1><font size="2"> Citizen (1789), NSF Acceptable Use Policy, Jean Jacques
Rousseau,</font></h1>
96 <h1><font size="2"> and the current cry for democracy worldwide.</font></h1>
97 <br>
98 <br>
99 <h1>The Matrix: J.C.R. Licklider(1915-1990)</h1>
100 <br>
101 <br>
102 <br>
103 </center>
104 <p></p>
105 <p></p>
106 <p> J.C.R. Licklider may well be one of the most influential people in the
history of computer science. As Director of the Information Processing Techniques
Office (IPTO), a division of the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA), Licklider from 1963-64 put in place the funding priorities which would lead
to the Internet, and the invention of the "mouse," "windows" and "hypertext."
Together these elements comprise the foundation of our networked society, and it
owes much of its existence to the man who held the purse-strings, and also created
a management culture where graduate students were left to run a multi-million
dollar research project.</p>
107 <br>
108 <div class="posterous_quote_citation"><br>
109 <a href="http://memex.org/licklider.html"></a></div>
110 <blockquote class="posterous_long_quote">
111 <div style="text-align: center;">Proposed Declaration of the Rights of Netizens
We Netizens have begun to put together a Declaration of the Rights of Netizens and
are requesting from other Netizens contributions, ideas, and suggestions of what
rights should be included. Following are some beginning ideas. The Declaration of
the Rights of Netizens:<br>
112 <br>
113 ------------------------------------------<br>
114 <br>
115 In recognition that the net represents a revolution in human
communications that was built by a cooperative non-commercial process, the
following Declaration of the Rights of the Netizen is presented for Netizen
comment. As Netizens are those who take responsibility and care for the Net, the
following are proposed to be their rights: o Universal access at no or low cost o
Freedom of Electronic Expression to promote the exchange of knowledge without fear
of reprisal o Uncensored Expression o Access to Broad Distribution o Universal and
Equal access to knowledge and information o Consideration of one's ideas on their
merits o No limitation to access to read, to post and to otherwise contribute o
Equal quality of connection o Equal time of connection o No Official Spokesperson o
Uphold the public grassroots purpose and participation o Volunteer Contribution -
no personal profit from the contribution freely given by others o Protection of the
public purpose from those who would use it for their private and money making
purposes The Net is not a Service, it is a Right. It is only valuable when it is
collective and universal. Volunteer effort protects the intellectual and
technological common-wealth that is being created. DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE THE POWER
OF THE NET and NETIZENS. Inspiration from: RFC 3 (1969), Thomas Paine, Declaration
of Independence (1776), Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789),
NSF Acceptable Use Policy, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and the current cry for democracy
worldwide.<br>
116 <br>
117 =============================================================== <br>
118 </div>
119 <h2>Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background</h2>
120 <ul class="yearcontext"><li class="currentyear">pre-1979</li>
121 <li>pre-1989</li>
122 <li>1989</li>
123 <li>1990</li>
124 <li>1991</li>
125 <li>1992</li>
126 <li>1993</li>
127 <li>1994</li>
128 <li>1995</li>
129 <li>1996</li>
130 <li>1997</li></ul>
131 <ul class="context"><li>1945: Vannevar Bush</li>
132 <li class="current">1960: J.C.R Licklider</li>
133 <li>1962: Douglas Englebart</li>
134 <li>1965: Ted Nelson</li>
135 <li>1968: Douglas Englebart</li>
136 <li>1969: ARPANET</li>
137 <li>1971: Ray Tomlinson</li>
138 <li>1974: Vint Cerf / Bob Kahn</li>
139 <li>1978: TCP/IP</li></ul>
140 <p class="currenttext"> 1960: <a href="http://memex.org/licklider.html">J.C.R.
Licklider</a>, Man Computer Symbiosis </p>
141 <br>
142 </blockquote>
143 <div class="posterous_quote_citation"><br>
144 <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Erh120/netizen-rights.txt"></a></div>
145 <br>
146 <div style="text-align: center;"><a
href="http://memex.org/Licklider_portrait.JPG" target="_blank"><br>
147 </a></div>
148 <br>
149 <blockquote>
150 <p><i><font size="1">Further information on J.C.R. Licklider is available on-
line from two excellent sources. The first is <a
href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Erh120/">Netizens Netbook</a>, by <a
href="http://memex.org/licklider.html/mailto:ronda@umcc.umich.edu">Rhonda
Hauben</a><a
href="http://memex.org/licklider.html/mailto:hauben@columbia.edu">Michael
Hauben</a>. You should look especially at chapters 5, 6, and 7 for information on
Licklider. The second source is <a href="http://www.minds.com/cgi-
bin/maslink.cgi/command?stat+tom+tools+index">Tools For Thought</a>, by <a
href="http://memex.org/licklider.html/mailto:hlr@well.com">Howard Rheingold</a>.
There you should look at chapter 7.</font> and </i></p>
151 <p><i><font size="1">One of the most exciting sources you can check comes from
J.C.R. Licklider himself. In two extraordinary papers, Man-Computer Symbiosis
(1960) and The Computer as a Communications Device (1968, co-authored with Robert
Taylor), Licklider describes his vision of computing (1960), which led to the
funding priorities of IPTO and helps explain why the Internet was built, and
discusses the future (1968), presciently arguing that by the Year 2000 millions of
people would be on-line, connected by a global network. It seems he was right. Both
papers can be <a
href="http://memex.org/licklider.html/licklider.pdf">downloaded</a> in PDF format.
These papers are available for non-commercial use only, courtesy of Robert Taylor
and the Digital Equipment Corporation.</font></i></p>
152 <p><i><font size="1">In order to read PDF files, you must have a copy of Adobe
Acrobat Reader installed on your computer. You may get a copy <a
href="http://www.adobe.com/Software/Acrobat/">here</a>.</font></i></p>
153 </blockquote>
154 <blockquote>This article is a draft chapter from Michael Hauben <<a
href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Erh120/netizen-
rights.txt/mailto:hauben@columbia.edu">hauben@columbia.edu</a>> and Ronda
Hauben's <<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Erh120/netizen-
rights.txt/mailto:rh120@columbia.edu">rh120@columbia.edu</a>> Netbook titled
"The Netizens and the Wonderful World of the Net." Commercial use of this writing
is prohibited and this draft is being made available for comment. Please send
comments to both of us at <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Erh120/netizen-
rights.txt/mailto:hauben@columbia.edu">hauben@columbia.edu</a> and <a
href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Erh120/netizen-
rights.txt/mailto:rh120@columbia.edu">rh120@columbia.edu</a>.<br>
155 </blockquote>
156 <br>
157 <br>
158 <br>
159 <br>
160 <br>
161
===============================================================<br>
162 <br>
163
164 </body>
165 </html>
Further information on J.C.R. Licklider is available on-line from two excellent sources. The first is Netizens Netbook, by Rhonda
HaubenMichael Hauben. You should look especially at chapters 5, 6, and 7 for information on Licklider. The second source is Tools
For Thought, by Howard Rheingold. There you should look at chapter 7. and
One of the most exciting sources you can check comes from J.C.R. Licklider himself. In two extraordinary papers, Man-Computer
Symbiosis (1960) and The Computer as a Communications Device (1968, co-authored with Robert Taylor), Licklider describes his
vision of computing (1960), which led to the funding priorities of IPTO and helps explain why the Internet was built, and discusses
the future (1968), presciently arguing that by the Year 2000 millions of people would be on-line, connected by a global network. It
seems he was right. Both papers can be downloaded in PDF format. These papers are available for non-commercial use only,
courtesy of Robert Taylor and the Digital Equipment Corporation.
In order to read PDF files, you must have a copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your computer. You may get a copy here.
This article is a draft chapter from Michael Hauben <hauben@columbia.edu> and Ronda Hauben's
<rh120@columbia.edu> Netbook titled "The Netizens and the Wonderful World of the Net."
Commercial use of this writing is prohibited and this draft is being made available for comment.
Please send comments to both of us at hauben@columbia.edu and rh120@columbia.edu.

============================================================
===
The Declaration of the Rights of Netizens
------------------------------------------
DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE THE POWER OF THE
NET and NETIZENS
In recognition that the net represents a

revolution in human
communications that was built by a cooperative
non-commercial
process, the following Declaration of the Rights
of the Netizen
is presented for Netizen comment.
As Netizens are those who take responsibility
and care for the
Net, the following are proposed to be their rights:
o Universal access at no or low cost
o Freedom of Electronic Expression to promote the exchange
of knowledge without fear of reprisal
o Uncensored Expression
o Access to Broad Distribution
o Universal and Equal access to knowledge and information
o Consideration of one's ideas on their merits
o No limitation to access to read, to post and to otherwise
contribute
o Equal quality of connection
o Equal time of connection
o No Official Spokesperson
o Uphold the public grassroots purpose and participation
o Volunteer Contribution - no personal profit from the
contribution freely given by others
o Protection of the public purpose from those who would use
it for their private and money making purposes
The Net is not a Service, it is a Right. It is only

valuable
when it is collective and universal. Volunteer
effort protects
the intellectual and technological common-
wealth that is being created.
Inspiration from: RFC 3 (1969), Thomas Paine,
Declaration of
Independence (1776), Declaration of the Rights
of Man and of the
Citizen (1789), NSF Acceptable Use Policy, Jean
Jacques Rousseau,
and the current cry for democracy worldwide.
The Matrix: J.C.R. Licklider(1915-1990)
J.C.R. Licklider may well be one of the most influential people in the history of computer science.
As Director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), a division of the Pentagon's
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), Licklider from 1963-64 put in place the funding
priorities which would lead to the Internet, and the invention of the "mouse," "windows" and
"hypertext." Together these elements comprise the foundation of our networked society, and it
owes much of its existence to the man who held the purse-strings, and also created a
management culture where graduate students were left to run a multi-million dollar research
project.
Proposed Declaration of the Rights of Netizens We Netizens have begun to put together a
Declaration of the Rights of Netizens and are requesting from other Netizens contributions, ideas,
and suggestions of what rights should be included. Following are some beginning ideas. The
Declaration of the Rights of Netizens:
------------------------------------------
In recognition that the net represents a revolution in human communications that was built by a
cooperative non-commercial process, the following Declaration of the Rights of the Netizen is
presented for Netizen comment. As Netizens are those who take responsibility and care for the
Net, the following are proposed to be their rights: o Universal access at no or low cost o Freedom
of Electronic Expression to promote the exchange of knowledge without fear of reprisal o
Uncensored Expression o Access to Broad Distribution o Universal and Equal access to knowledge
and information o Consideration of one's ideas on their merits o No limitation to access to read, to
post and to otherwise contribute o Equal quality of connection o Equal time of connection o No
Official Spokesperson o Uphold the public grassroots purpose and participation o Volunteer
Contribution - no personal profit from the contribution freely given by others o Protection of the
public purpose from those who would use it for their private and money making purposes The Net
is not a Service, it is a Right. It is only valuable when it is collective and universal. Volunteer effort
protects the intellectual and technological common-wealth that is being created. DO NOT
UNDERESTIMATE THE POWER OF THE NET and NETIZENS. Inspiration from: RFC 3 (1969),
Thomas Paine, Declaration of Independence (1776), Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen (1789), NSF Acceptable Use Policy, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and the current cry for
democracy worldwide.
============================================================
===
 pre-1979
 pre-1989
 1989
 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994
 1995
 1996
 1997
 1969: ARPANET
 1978: TCP/IP
Further information on J.C.R. Licklider is available on-line from two excellent sources. The first is
Netizens Netbook, by Rhonda HaubenMichael Hauben. You should look especially at chapters 5, 6,
and 7 for information on Licklider. The second source is Tools For Thought, by Howard Rheingold.
There you should look at chapter 7. and
One of the most exciting sources you can check comes from J.C.R. Licklider himself. In two
extraordinary papers, Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960) and The Computer as a Communications
Device (1968, co-authored with Robert Taylor), Licklider describes his vision of computing (1960),
which led to the funding priorities of IPTO and helps explain why the Internet was built, and
discusses the future (1968), presciently arguing that by the Year 2000 millions of people would be
on-line, connected by a global network. It seems he was right. Both papers can be downloaded in
PDF format. These papers are available for non-commercial use only, courtesy of Robert Taylor
and the Digital Equipment Corporation.
In order to read PDF files, you must have a copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your
computer. You may get a copy here.
This article is a draft chapter from Michael Hauben <hauben@columbia.edu> and Ronda Hauben's
<rh120@columbia.edu> Netbook titled "The Netizens and the Wonderful World of the Net."
Commercial use of this writing is prohibited and this draft is being made available for comment.
Please send comments to both of us at hauben@columbia.edu and rh120@columbia.edu.
<
Status
This tool allows you to check the spelling of a web page. It currently only supports English and
French.
Usage
URI of the document to be checked:
Language of the document: FrenchEnglish
Presents possible corrections:
Errors found in the page
1. "Andthings" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:

o And things
o And-things
o Anythings
o Underthings
o Antin's
o Endings
o Undoings
o Antons
o Anthony's
o Andonis
o Anton's
o Ending's
o Antoni's
o Antonius
o Antoine's
o Undoing's
o Andonis's
o Antonia's
o Antonie's
o Antonio's
2. "Animoto" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Animator
o Animate
o Animist
o Enmity
o Inmate
o Minamoto
o Anita
o Animators
o Animosity
o Animated
o Animates
o Anymore
o Unmet
o Inmost
o Animal
o Animus
o Anoint
o Into
o Annotea
o Anemone
o Amity
o Admit
o Ingot
o Amati
o Animating
o Onto
o Unto
o Animator's
o Unanimity
o Amado
o Amata
o Anett
o Aimed
o Anode
o Emote
o Unite
o Unity
o Animus's
o Inanimate
3. "Catwoman" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Cat woman
o Cat-woman
o Madwoman
o Cattleman
o Madwomen
o Cutworms
o Cutworm
o Caedmon
o Jurywoman
o Cardamon
o Cattlemen
o Cutworm's
4. "Cicciolina" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Sicilian
o Circling
o Cycling
o Schooling
o Sickling
o Cyclone
o Jocelin
o Scowling
o Scaling
5. "Cynophagie" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Xenophobe
o Xenophobic
o Xenophobia
o Sarcophagi
o Songhai
o Xenophon
o Synagogue
o Converge
o Sylphic
o Cenozoic
6. "Dailymotion" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Daily motion
o Daily-motion
o Dalmatian
o Dilution
o Demotion
o Dilation
o Datamation
o Dilatation
o Declamation
o Dalmatians
o Dalmatia
o Deletion
o Dalmatian's
7. "Dampira" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Dampers
o Damara
o Damper
o Tempura
o Damping
o Vampire
o Tampere
o Tempera
o Damps
o Diaspora
o Damp
o Damper's
o Dumpies
o Dumpier
o Damped
o Dampen
o Tampa
o Tamra
o Dumpers
o Tampers
o Tamara
o Tamera
o Dumper
o Tamper
o Tamperer
o Amparo
o Ampere
o Damply
o Empire
o Umpire
o Tamarra
o Tammara
o Demetra
o Dumping
o Tamping
o Dumper's
8. "Dogmeat" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Dog meat
o Dog-meat
o Dogma
o Dogmas
o Digest
o Doormat
o Dogcart
o GMAT
o Dodgiest
o Doggiest
o Dogmatic
o Dagmar
o Dogma's
o Comet
o Domed
o Document
o Tomcat
o Docket
o Dogged
o Doomed
9. "ElMacho" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o El Macho
o El-Macho
o Almach
o Elma
o Elmo
o Almach's
o Elma's
o Elam
o Alamo
o Elm
o Alma
o Elam's
10. "Facebook" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Face book
o Face-book
o Casebook
o Passbook
o Forsook
o Fatback
o Phrasebook
o Acerbic
o Sabik
o Fastback
o Fallback
o Faberge
o Cyborg
11. "Feedjit" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Feedlot
o Feted
o Edict
o Verdict
o FedEx
o Fadeout
o Fajita
o Fidelity
o Federate
o FDIC
o Deduct
o Faddist
o Redact
o Defect
o Fetid
o Dict
o Feuded
o Fidget
o Foetid
o Digit
o Faded
o Faked
o Fated
o Fledged
o Duct
12. "Flickr" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Flickery
o Flicker
o Flick
o Flicks
o Flickers
o Flock
o Flack
o Fleck
13. "Googelosterous" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Jackstraws
o Jackstraw's
o Cuckoldry's
14. "IFRAME" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o AIRFRAME
o FRAME
o FRAMER
o EFREM
15. "MEXOPOLIS" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o MEGALOPOLIS
o MEXICALI'S
o EXPELS
o MEGALOPOLIS'S
16. "PODCAST" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o POD CAST
o POD-CAST
o PRECAST
o OUTCAST
o PEDERAST
o POKIEST
o PAEDERAST
o PEDERASTY
o TYPECAST
o POETASTER
o DODGIEST
o PORKIEST
o POTTIEST
o PUDGIEST
o ADJUST
o PERTEST
17. "Picasa" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Picasso
o Pica's
o Pics
o Pic's
o Picks
o Pincas
o PCs
o Pisa
o Pica
o Pickax
o Pocks
o Pucks
o Pecs
o Pigs
o Pitas
o Pecos
o Pincas's
o Packs
o Pecks
o Pig's
o Pikes
o Pia's
o Puck's
o Pock's
o Spica's
o Pict's
o Pisa's
o Rica's
o Mica's
o Pita's
o Paco's
o Peck's
o Pike's
o Pack's
18. "Playlist" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Play list
o Play-list
o Pluralist
o Palmist
o Panelist
o Palest
o Pearliest
o Populist
o Palmiest
o Plainest
o Pugilist
o Placid
o Panellist
o Lowliest
19. "PornO'clock" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Porn O'clock
o Porn-O'clock
o Penology
o Uncloak
o Mongolic
o Oncology
o Unclog
o Pinnacle
20. "Posterous" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Posteriors
o Posters
o Boisterous
o Poster's
o Postures
o Ponderous
o Posture's
o Posterior
o Positrons
o Peterus
o Pastries
o Pesters
o Pestiferous
o Posterity's
o Estrous
o Potteries
o Mysterious
o Lustrous
o Pasterns
o Pastures
o Pastry's
o Pottery's
o Pastern's
o Positron's
o Pasture's
21. "Quantcast" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Quaintest
o Gauntest
o Jauntiest
o Contacts
o Contrast
o Quantized
o Contact
o Contest
o Contact's
22. "RSS" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o ROSS
o RUSS
o RS
o SS
o R'S
o RSI
o ROS
o RES
o RSV
o RVS
o SSS
o RPS
o CSS
o USS
o ASS
o RA'S
o RD'S
o S'S
o RE'S
o RH'S
o RU'S
o RY'S
o RN'S
o OS'S
o CS'S
o RX'S
23. "SEO" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o SE
o SO
o SRO
o CEO
o SEE
o SEA
o SEW
o SEC
o SEN
o SET
o SEQ
o EEO
o GEO
o LEO
o SEX
24. "Sanrio" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Scenario
o Sandro
o Snare
o Sari
o Sarnie
o Sangria
o Sandi
o Sancho
o Sandie
o Nari
o Snore
o Norio
o Sane
o Saner
o Snaring
o Sarnies
o SRO
o San
o Sarina
o Sarine
o Spiro
o Snail
o Snarf
o Snark
o Snarl
o Sandra
o Senior
o Sana
o Santeria
o Sara
o Snared
o Snares
o Saurian
o Saran
o San'a
o Snare's
25. "Timeline" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Time line
o Time-line
o Timberline
o Tomlin
o Timelier
o Timeliness
o Timezone
o Tamerlane
o Ameline
o Emeline
o Emmeline
o Tapeline
o Treeline
o Merline
o Emiline
o Hemline
o Melina
o Tiling
o Timely
o Timing
o Timeliness's
26. "Tumblr" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Tumble
o Tumbler
o Tumbled
o Tumblers
o Tumbles
o Temblor
o Dumbly
o Tumbler's
27. "Vannevar" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Vanna
o Vainer
o Wanner
o Janeva
o Vanned
o Vinegar
o Vannie
o Vanes
o Vannie's
o Vane
o Whenever
o Vanessa
o Vanna's
o Vane's
o Vanni
o Vanny
o Vevay
o Never
o Hanover
o Invar
o Vance
o Warner
o Veneer
o Winner
28. "Vernis" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Vern is
o Vern-is
o Vern's
o Veins
o Venus
o Verniers
o Verna's
o Verne's
o Vernice
o Venn's
o Vein's
o Berni's
o Vernor's
o Vernier's
o Verdi's
o Verney's
o Vanni's
o Vinni's
o Vonni's
29. "WWIII" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o WW III
o WW-III
o WWI II
o WWI-II
o WWII
o WWI
o VIII
o WEI
o WI
o WEIR
o III
o WAI
o VII
o WINI
o XIII
o WHIR
30. "Watilo" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Wattle
o Waterloo
o Wail
o Warily
o Wittily
o Wetly
o Tailor
o Wagtail
o Wavily
o Wait
o Tail
o Waldo
o Waddle
o Wilow
o VTOL
o Warhol
o Waite
o Wat
o Whitley
o Til
o Wailed
o Waits
o Wailer
o Wallow
o Attila
o Wald
o Walt
o Wilt
o Wild
o Vail
o Waiter
o Wall
o Wallie
o Walliw
o Waly
o Watt
o Will
o Sweatily
o Tile
o Till
o Wadi
o Wale
o Wile
o Wily
o WATS
o Wait's
o Natl
o Waited
o Whitely
o Whittle
o Wartier
o Wattled
o Wattles
o Daile
o Wally
o Weill
o Daily
o Walla
o Water
o While
o Wat's
o Waite's
o Wattle's
31. "Wiki" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Viki
o Niki
o Riki
o Wini
32. "Wikipedia" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Wiped
o Wimped
o Kipped
o Wicked
o Whipped
o Skipped
o Waked
o Whooped
o Wickeder
o Warped
o Wigged
o Worked
o Copied
o Whopped
o Whupped
o Wakened
o Whelped
o Wiggled
33. "Wikiquote" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Workout
o Wicket
o Walkout
o Waikiki
o Coquette
o Widget
o Workmate
o Cookout
o Wiglet
o Waikiki's
o Wicked
o Wackiest
o Woodcut
o Woodcutter
o Kooked
o Wickeder
o Jacquette
o Whizkid
o Whipcord
o Victor
o Viaduct
o Waveguide
o Kicked
o Kirked
o Quaked
o Wigged
o Vignette
o Watergate
o Variegate
34. "YouTube" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o You Tube
o You-Tube
o Tube
o Yoruba
o Tobe
o Tubae
o Tuber
o Tub
o Yob
o OTB
o Tuba
o Tobie
o Stub
o Yettie
o Yobbo
o You'd
o Tiber
o Tobey
o Tybie
o Yurt
o Turbo
o Taber
o Tubby
o Yahtzee
o Yet
35. "YouWeird" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o You Weird
o You-Weird
o Yowed
o Weird
o Yawed
o Weirdo
o Towed
o Yowled
o Owed
o Bowed
o Cowed
o Lowed
o Mowed
o Rowed
o Sowed
o Vowed
o Wowed
o Yoked
36. "colorscheme" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o color scheme
o color-scheme
o Colosseum
o coliseum
o colostomy
o cockscomb
37. "cyno" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Cyndi
o cynic
o Con
o con
o yon
o Cyb
o cyan
o Cy
o Cyrano
o No
o no
o coon
o syn
o Cynde
o Cyndy
o synod
o Juno
o canoe
o chino
o vino
o Ayn
o CEO
o CNN
o Can
o Lyn
o Ono
o Wyn
o can
o Zeno
o cine
o cony
o Wynn
o cent
o sync
o Arno
o Ciro
o Conn
o Cy's
o Dino
o Dyna
o Geno
o Gino
o Jeno
o Kano
o Leno
o Lynn
o Mano
o Reno
o Tyne
o cane
o cone
o dyne
o keno
o lino
o mono
o myna
o wino
o Wyn's
38. "cynophagie" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o xenophobe
o xenophobic
o xenophobia
o sarcophagi
o Songhai
o Xenophon
o synagogue
o converge
o sylphic
o Cenozoic
39. "dailymotion" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o daily motion
o daily-motion
o Dalmatian
o dalmatian
o dilution
o demotion
o dilation
o Datamation
o dilatation
o declamation
o Dalmatians
o dalmatians
o Dalmatia
o deletion
o Dalmatian's
40. "dogmeat" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o dog meat
o dog-meat
o dogma
o dogmas
o digest
o doormat
o dogcart
o GMAT
o dodgiest
o doggiest
o dogmatic
o Dagmar
o dogma's
o comet
o domed
o document
o tomcat
o docket
o dogged
o doomed
41. "ettes" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Ettie's
o Etta's
o Etti's
o Etty's
o eaters
o otters
o utters
o Otes
o Utes
o ates
o eats
o etas
o Estes
o Oates
o eta's
o Arte's
o Eyde's
o eater's
o otter's
o Ede's
o Ute's
o Bette's
o Ethe's
o Edee's
o Edie's
o Otto's
42. "fb" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o FBI
o Feb
o fab
o fib
o fob
o bf
o GB
o dB
o db
o B
o F
o b
o f
o AFB
o BB
o FY
o Fe
o Yb
o fa
o ff
o AB
o Ab
o CB
o Cb
o Eb
o FD
o FL
o FM
o Fm
o Fr
o KB
o Kb
o MB
o Mb
o NB
o Nb
o OB
o Ob
o Pb
o QB
o Rb
o Sb
o TB
o Tb
o ab
o fl
o fr
o ft
o lb
o ob
43. "gangbanger" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o gang banger
o gang-banger
o concubinage
o ganglionic
o concubine
o concubinage's
o concubines
o concubine's
44. "html" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o HTML
o ht ml
o ht-ml
o XHTML
o Hamel
o Hamil
o hotel
45. "ina" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Ina
o Ian
o Inna
o Iona
o Una
o IN
o In
o in
o INS
o Inca
o Inga
o ins
o IA
o Ia
o Na
o Ana
o inn
o Dina
o Fina
o Gina
o Lina
o Mina
o Nina
o Rina
o Tina
o Vina
o Inc
o Ind
o inc
o ind
o inf
o ink
o int
o DNA
o IPA
o IRA
o Ida
o Ila
o Ira
o Isa
o Iva
o RNA
o In's
o Ina's
46. "inventaire" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o inventory
o inventive
o inventor
o inventoried
o inventories
o indenture
o inventors
o inventing
o invent
o inventor's
47. "jan" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Jan
o Jain
o Jana
o Jane
o Jany
o Jean
o Joan
o Juan
o Kan
o jean
o Han
o jab
o jam
o an
o Can
o Gan
o Jen
o Jon
o Jun
o can
o jun
o Jae
o Jay
o Jpn
o jar
o jaw
o jay
o Ban
o Dan
o Fan
o Ian
o LAN
o Man
o Nan
o Pan
o San
o Tan
o Van
o ban
o fan
o jag
o man
o nan
o pan
o ran
o tan
o van
o wan
o Jan's
48. "limbsandthings" ( add to the dictionary)
49. "listography" ( add to the dictionary)
50. "matierals" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o materials
o material's
o laterals
o naturals
o material
o materiel's
o minerals
o Madeiras
o literals
o Madeira's
o Mariel's
o mineral's
o Mattel's
51. "mrjyn" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Marijn
o Myrwyn
o Myrvyn
o Maryjane
o Maryjo
o Morgun
o Marilyn
o Merilyn
o Maren
o Marin
o Miran
o Moran
o Morin
o Myron
o moron
o Marian
o Marion
o Megan
o Megen
o Moreen
o Morgan
o Morgen
o margin
o maroon
o Trajan
o Trojan
o Macon
52. "nextmedia" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o next media
o next-media
o costumed
o accustomed
o unaccustomed
o guesstimate
53. "nl" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Nil
o nil
o Ln
o NFL
o NHL
o bl
o ml
o L
o N
o l
o n
o LL
o NE
o NW
o NY
o Na
o Ne
o Ni
o No
o ll
o no
o nu
o AL
o Al
o Cl
o El
o FL
o IL
o NB
o NC
o ND
o NF
o NH
o NJ
o NM
o NP
o NR
o NS
o NT
o NV
o NZ
o Nb
o Nd
o Np
o Pl
o Tl
o UL
o XL
o cl
o fl
54. "og" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o org
o go
o OH
o oh
o PG
o of
o pg
o G
o O
o g
o o
o Ag
o OJ
o OK
o ox
o Gog
o Rog
o bog
o cog
o dog
o fog
o hog
o jog
o log
o tog
o wog
o OE
o OR
o WG
o oi
o or
o ow
o Hg
o Mg
o OB
o OD
o ON
o OS
o OT
o Ob
o Os
o Oz
o VG
o cg
o jg
o kg
o lg
o mg
o ob
o om
o on
55. "ongles" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Angles
o angles
o Engels
o angels
o Angle's
o Inglis
o angle's
o anglers
o ogles
o dongles
o Anglos
o ankles
o uncles
o Angele's
o angler's
o oglers
o Angel's
o angel's
o Angil's
o Angle
o Anglo's
o angle
o ankle's
o uncle's
o Inge's
o Angelle's
o Ange's
o Angela's
o Angeli's
o Angelo's
56. "pedia" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Peta
o Media
o Peria
o media
o Peder
o Peadar
o Persia
o peat
o peed
o pied
o pita
o pedal
o PD
o Pd
o paid
o pd
o Pei
o Pia
o pea
o Eda
o Edi
o Heida
o Pepita
o PET
o PTA
o Peoria
o Pet
o Praia
o pad
o pet
o pit
o pod
o pud
o Paddie
o Edda
o Edie
o Heda
o Hedi
o Jedi
o Leda
o Neda
o Nedi
o Pena
o Pepi
o Peri
o Tedi
o Veda
o Pete
o pert
o Pedro
o Petra
o pewit
o Addia
o Dedie
o Hedda
o Lidia
o Lydia
o Medea
o Nadia
o Nedda
o Nydia
o Pavia
o Penna
o Perla
o Tedda
o Tedie
o Paddy
o Peter
o Petey
o Petty
o paddy
o peaty
o peter
o petty
o pitta
57. "phagie" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o phage
o Paige
o phages
o Hague
o Page
o page
o phase
o Aggie
o Peggie
o Aguie
o Augie
o pager
o phage's
o phi
o age
o hag
o fag
58. "png" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o PNG
o pang
o pong
o PG
o pg
o ping
o Eng
o LNG
o Peg
o peg
o pig
o pug
o pkg
59. "sterous" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o stereos
o serous
o steroids
o steroid
o serious
o stores
o stress
o strews
o Strauss
o strays
o estrous
o stories
o story's
o strops
o stenos
o sterns
o uterus
o stares
o straws
o Atreus
o Stern's
o steno's
o starers
o store's
o strenuous
o torus
o Starr's
o steers
o stereo
o steroid's
o stertorous
o strep's
o stria's
o strums
o struts
o troys
o stoups
o stouts
o satyrs
o stress's
o metros
o retros
o satori's
o storks
o storms
o Stavros
o Teri's
o stratus
o strobes
o strokes
o strolls
o strop's
o terrors
o citrus
o estrus
o mysterious
o vitreous
o Ste's
o Tyrus
o satyr's
o seres
o stars
o stews
o stirs
o stows
o straw's
o streaks
o streams
o streets
o taros
o terrs
o trows
o tyros
o zeros
o lustrous
o metro's
o retro's
o Stavro's
o Styron's
o Sterne's
o boisterous
o Star's
o Tera's
o Terr's
o sera's
o star's
o stew's
o taro's
o tiro's
o tyro's
o zero's
o Troy's
o Stu's
o Seton's
o Storm's
o stork's
o storm's
o terror's
o Stout's
60. "th" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Th
o Thu
o the
o tho
o thy
o THC
o Rh
o HT
o ht
o H
o T
o h
o t
o nth
o Ch
o OH
o TA
o Ta
o Te
o Ti
o Tu
o Ty
o ah
o ch
o eh
o oh
o pH
o sh
o ta
o ti
o to
o uh
o DH
o NH
o TB
o TD
o TM
o TN
o TV
o TX
o Tb
o Tc
o Tl
o Tm
o tn
o tr
o ts
o Th's
o T's
61. "tw" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o wt
o Te
o tow
o T
o t
o TWA
o Twp
o two
o twp
o W
o w
o TWX
o TA
o Ta
o Ti
o Tu
o Ty
o ta
o ti
o to
o BTW
o TB
o TD
o TM
o TN
o TV
o TX
o Tb
o Tc
o Tl
o Tm
o WW
o tn
o tr
o ts
o MW
o NW
o PW
o SW
o Th
o aw
o cw
o kW
o kw
o ow
o T's
62. "vuvuzela" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o Venezuela
o Vivie's
o visual
o vivaces
o vividly
o vivace
o vivas
o Vivi's
o vessel
o Viv's
o wives
o visually
o Vivia's
o fizzle
o fuzzily
o Viva's
o verve's
o Waves
o waves
o vassal
o Vasili
o Vasily
o Waverly
o Wiesel
o wavers
o wavily
o wifely
o wisely
o vacuously
o refusal
o Vevay's
o wives's
o Waverley
o weasel
63. "whatgetsmehot" ( add to the dictionary)
64. "youtube" ( add to the dictionary) ; suggestions:
o you tube
o you-tube
o tube
o Yoruba
o Tobe
o tubae
o tuber
o tub
o yob
o OTB
o tuba
o Tobie
o stub
o Yettie
o yobbo
o you'd
o Tiber
o Tobey
o Tybie
o yurt
o turbo
o Taber
o tubby
o Yahtzee
o yet
(W3C Comm Team only)
See also
 the QA Toolbox
References
 Aspell is used in the back-end

 The front-end is coded in Python
Known bugs and limitations
 Doesn't handle language switching on the lang and xml:lang attributes

 Doesn't check textual attributes (e.g. title, alt)

History of The Internet

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History of The Internet

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W3C Spell Checker for

The Declaration of the

The Net is not a Service, it is a Right. It is only

1. How It All Started

Check: HTML | CSS | Links | Spelling

Inspiration from: RFC 3 (1969), Thomas Paine, Declaration of

Independence (1776), Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the

Citizen (1789), NSF Acceptable Use Policy, Jean Jacques Rousseau,

and the current cry for democracy worldwide.

The Matrix: J.C.R. Licklider(1915-1990)

W3C Tenth Anniversary

How It All Started

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

W3C10 timeline graphic

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

1960: J.C.R. Licklider, Man Computer Symbiosis

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

1962: Douglas Englebart publishes "AUGMENTING HUMAN INTELLECT: A Conceptual Framework"

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

1968: Douglas Englebart demonstrates Online System (NLS).

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

1969: Advanced Research Projects Agency commissions ARPANET to conduct research on

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

1984: Paul Mockapetris introduces Domain Name System (DNS).

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

 1989: Tim Berners-Lee

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

May: Information Management: A proposal, version 2 published.

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

 Dec: Hypertext '91

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Jun: TimBL visits Xerox, hosted by Larry Masinter.

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

TimBL visits MIT/LCS hosted by Karen Sollins.

Dec: First Web server outside of Europe set up at Stanford University.

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Mar: NCSA releases first alpha version of Mosaic for X Windows.

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

1 Oct: W3C created.

Apr: INRIA becomes W3C Host in Europe.

Jun: First W3C Workshop, on Content Rating; leads to PICS.

Jun: In response to "Peabody meeting" W3C forms Process ERB

Sep: Keio University becomes W3C Host in Asia.

 Jan: HTML 3.2

W3C publishes first W3C Recommendation for HTML — HTML 3.2.

Photo courtesy of Karl Dubost.

All W3C10 Sessions

Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background

1960: J.C.R. Licklider, Man Computer Symbiosis

 Character encoding: UTF-8

1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

The Declaration of the Rights of Netizens

In recognition that the net represents a