A New Pulley Stress __ Analysis Method Based on Modified Transfer Matrix ‘Summary ‘Anew pula tress anaysis method is presented It shal be re- ferrad fo a8 the Moded Transfer Mat (MM) method. This method is based on a reformulation of Warstor matics fr the pulleys cyindioa shel, and-dek late wh non-union thick: nese and shat by using inte element concep. combines the Srength of bath classical sees analysis methods and frit rant manos. Il proves 19 be a eficloand offecive ab- proach in detemining the sresses in a pully. A pully stress fails sotvare program namod PSTRESS 3.0 has boon do eloped based on this new mothod. A the end of the pape, 2 ‘pumerical exarrpis ofthe puleysiress analysis, using PSTRESS £3. quan. The reall sallefactorty compared wth that ob- tained ina finite lement model ANSYS) soliton wth a very fhe mesh. Nomenclature Caresien coordinate in hatzontal rection Cartesen coorcinatoinvericalcrecton Cartesen coordinate in puley axa rection ‘indica cnerinaten pulley racial rection ‘oyindical encrinate in pulley orcumferential drecton hear force acting on shaft cross section bendig moment acthg on shaft cross section atbuted load acting on shat es v. transverse csplacement of shaft neutral axis 8, rolatonal ange of shat cross ston shaft boncina stinass shat oss gection area shear moguls of shaft material shat stato variable vector mati containing coefficients of governing ODES for Shaft bending deformation ‘vector representing the non-hamogeneous tem ofthe ‘governing ODEs for shaft beneng deformation T transfer matrc forthe governing ODES for shat bending Bagve snk seoe aformation anny Oreo plein, nh Vil ak Rasch "one yrs 1 Wel ey St. Boer, ‘Whee, Uan Tacs er 20h rn ot ser 80 Det tne rr or ge 6. Ko Idanty matric ‘TMB beam element stfinese matix ‘TMB baam element csplacement vector ‘TMB beam element extra ore vector ‘TM bear elenent internal force vector transverse shear force acting on the disk cross section expenehouar te redial director transverse shear foros acting onthe disk cross section perpendicular Te orcumferenl direction bbencing moment acing on the dsk cross section per= encoder to dk radial rection bending moment acting onthe disk cress sation per- penicular te tisk crcumfrental rection ‘nésting moment ating on the cis cross sections per: pendula to ask adel rection and disk ceurteren- {ial deection ‘extemal transverse force acting onthe neural surface of the ke uly dlsk and shot dspkacements in pully axial roc ton pulley disk and shel csplacaments in puley crcumte- rental direction pulley disk and shell csplacements in puley rac dec fon ‘Youna's modulus of ds or eye! shall of puboy Possow's ratio of disk or cynical shel of ply thickness of sk or ovine shat of pulley cvefient to dascribe the goomety of disk variable thetnees ‘exponential number to describe the geometry of disk Yatebe thickness cross sation bending sings of disk or clinical she Fourier component number Furies component of u Fourier component of Fourtes comoonent of Fours component of g Fourier component of , Foxrien component of, Fourien component of M, Furies component of M, 73Myx Funes component of My, 8,” rotational angle of disk or eincrcal hal of pulley ‘yp dak bending slat variable vector of Fours component My disk ckcumlerential harmonic resultant bending moment dak ofrcumterenta harmonic resutent raneverse shear force ‘Ap Matix containing cooicients ot governing ODES tor dk bancing deformation of Founen component B., vector representing the non-homogeneous tem of the ‘governing ODES for disk bending deformation of Four {component | US TMB disk bending lament displacement vector go) TMB disk bending element sins mati. Foti TMB disk bending element extemal force vector Fit) TMB disk bending element intemal force vector LN, noeralforee acting on he disk ross ction gerponcle- ‘lar to radial aston 1, normal force acting on he disk cross section perpond: Ur to crourverentl drection Ny plane shear force acting on the disk cross sections perpendicular to ek racial drecton and disk cute Fanti Section Nm Fourien component of gn Funes component of 1, Nien FOURIER Component oF Ny ‘ig disk plane-stress state variable vector of FoURER com ponent 2 Gq, Matix containing coaicints of governing ODES for dik in-plane deformation of FOURER component m UE" TMB dek plane-stress oloment dsplacernent vector Four TMB dak pane-stess element sltiness matic Fg. TMG dak plane sts earn enteral oct vetor FGI, TMB sk plane-stess element ntemal force vector URS TMB disk element csolacement vector Kgcm, TMB dak element stitinese matric Fietim TMB disk element extemal force vector FRI, TM dak element intemal force vector RR ofincrical shot radius 1, normal ores acting on the eyndical shel ross section perpendeular to puloy axial drction Nz noemal force acting on the eylncrical shot cross sation perpendicular to Buley crcumieretal drecton 5 membrana shear fen acting on the eindtica hal ‘ross sections perpencicular te puley al direction and ‘crcurierental direction 2, transverse shear force acting on the cylnctical shell ‘rose suction perpancioul Io pulley axial direction 2, vansverse shear foros acing on the cylindrical shel ‘ross secton perpendicular 19 puley excurerential i- ‘ection 1M, Bending moment acting on the eyindtical shel cross section perpenicular to puley axial crenion M, bending moment acting on the cyinctcal shel cross section perpendicular to puley circumferential drecton Mie twisting moment sctina on the cyindrical shell cross sections pemendcular to pully axel drecton and cr- cumierential drecton ms J, extemaliond acting onthe neutral surece of shen pu- ley a direction ‘extemalload acting onthe neutra sutace of shllin pul- ley orcumtorontial rection 4, extemaloac acting onthe neutral surface of shelin pu ley raxial drecton oy FOURER component off, yn Founen component of, f2Founen camponent of, Ng FoURER component of Non, Fouter component of Ny Se Founen compnnant ofS Mim FouneR component of My ‘My, FouReR component of M, May FOURER component of My. Vin FouneR component of flement boundary equivalent trensverce shear force Yq oylitca sho state variable vector of Founes compo: rent Jn. Matix containing costicients of gveming ODES for cy- Tail shel of Focaea component Jn vector representing the non-horrageneous term of the ‘governing ODES for cfindrica shel of Founen compo- rent US? TMB oyindica shel element csplacement vector Koon TMB clinical she stitness mati FSS TMB oylindrical shel element extemal force vector F&%, TMB oyiindrical shel element internal force vector YY, state variable vector of FaueR component m aval or racial coocinate fn alr containing coetclents of governing ODES of a pailey component 1g, vector raprgenting the non hermagensous term of the ‘douemng ODES ofa pulley comporien. Up, goneralzed dsolacements of state variabia vector of a paloy component F, ganeralzed forces of sate vaible vector of a puboy Component Ty, transfer mat for the governing ODES of pul cor ponent 1, TMB dloment displacement vector of a puley compo ren Ky, TMB olament stfness matric of ply component Fyum TMB loment intemal force vector fa pulay component Foam TMB clament extra force vector ofa play compo 4. Introduction [An engineers class batt corweyor pulay typically consis of 2 {;Anareal shel, two ond disks with variano thekness, a shat, land two locking devess connecting end dsks tothe shat as Shown in Fg. 1 The pully is usualy aubjectes to savers bend ing dus to very high bal tensions and locking assamby pros- sures. Inthe design of such a pul, Is necessary o take into account the possiliy of faigue falure. Cost fares in large Conveyor pulleys ave ld designers to sock detaled stress fa- tigue or encance anayis, To dat, two types of approaches for puley sess analysis have bean reported in the iterature (Ohe the classical mechanics approach ceveloped by LaveFat) Goseseren ot ply ery [1] ana Soja. [2}. The other is the fre element method (FEM) employed by Voostha. (3), Dave [4] and Ser tal. [Both types of approachos have advantages and asadvaniages ‘The classical mechanics approach developed by Lanse and ‘Sorocta & an approximate analvical approach, proving a ‘leeed-frm soluton fr stesses ina puley. The advantages of this method are tat ts ey to program and takes a vey shor ‘execsion ie 1 obtan a solution, Te disadvantage is Vat he ‘Sr98s souon isnot accurate af te locators nee he connec- ‘ion region between te shel anc ond disks because ois poor ‘approximation n veating the elastic couping batweon these ‘components. Spociicaly, tho dspiacement of the end ck and ‘shal are not coupled at their connection. Ths leads to sig Cant erors the sress and stan fl about the connectors as vallbe shown, “The FEM has jst the opposite advantages and disadvantages of the Linge classical metnod. The major advantage of FEM is i ease o teating complex geometry and bourdry conditions. The major disadvantago i long execution time cousled with Its need for an experienced user to generate a propa nite de- ment mest In this paper, anew method called the Mocfied Transfer Mati (UTM) method is presented. This method crcunwents the ds- ovartages of both the Lance Cassica metYod ed the corwen- tional FEM, The MIM method proves to be a very effective and ffcent approach in proving an accurate pulley assembly ‘81033 soston or ary loading Condition pulley. Historical, the wansfor matix method was developed several ‘cocadas ago [6] end was very popular i solving one den- ‘soral static and dynamic problems before the advent of the FEM. Even today, this method i sll use in proving closed form solutions fa eran estat problems wth simpie boun- Slay conditane [7 Athaugh theo fa instation in handing ‘campioated boundary Condtions, such asthe boundary cond tine ora ply, te gluten obtained by using te transfer ma tiie method is exact. In tis paper, tf shown tat the ltaon ff the trancter matrix method can be overcome Ifthe anster matrix eforrulated by using fnite element concepts, There fomlted trersier mati is essentally a special to element. ‘The new method using these specalfinte alms, calod transfor atx based (TMB trite oman, is capable of sot- Inga cass of structural elastic problems frcludig the elasto- iy problem of a pul), whose govering diferent equations Gan be reduced to a set of orcinarydiferetial equations (ODES) Regardless of now few of hese TMB nto slants aro Used in moce, te solution obtaned by this MTM method is ‘genonly very acewrate duo to the nature cf tha transfor mati ‘ethod Analysis Based on the MTM method, a computer program for puley ‘tess analysis named PSTRESS 3.0 has been developed. This program ean prowde stress solutions and perform fatigue ana ‘ot for most puleys, with the characters geometry shown in Fg, 1. Tho pully Can be subjected to any typeof non-uniform surface pressure, sear loading, and prescribed locking pres In section 2, the general ideas for deiving TMS eloments for ‘beam (Le shal} ended pate wit variable thickness, and ey- Indica sek re presented. In section 3, the assembly of thao ments to model a puloy f PSTRESS 3.0 is discussed. In Section 4, 29 example ofa bet conveyor pulley i= numerical solved by PSTRESS 3.0 and the resus are Compared with ‘hove obtainod using a tnely macho FEM [ANSYS) solution . TMB Finite Elements for Beam, Disk Plate and Cylindrical Shell Sesses_and dsplacements in a pulley can be expressed in tems of Founen series wt respect o the ckcunferential angle because of the pully’s @xsyemetric geometry. Each Foun ‘component af the solutions can be determined by soling a sot ff coneapanding govering dere equator, which are un- Coupled with the governing equatons for other Fourier comgo- ems In Appendos A, and C, is shown thatthe governing ‘uations for Fourier components for shat, end-cek pate with on-unfom thickness, andl cyindrical shell of a pulley can be reduced 10 a Set of ODEs of the fist order respectively. The ‘general solutions ta these ODEs can ba expressed in ts of {he transfor matin. By folowing tne procedure dascibad in Aa- enc D, the ganeralsolutons can be reorganized in a fete ‘ment form as below Kp Om = Foam Fem “ where K, isthe TMB element sities matrix 0, the element ‘Seplaoalbant vector, Ferns te element inter fore vectr, Fons the derert extra foroe vector, and the subscript“ ‘aides the Fourier component number, The detalad proce ‘res of daveloping TMB lerants for shat, ond-cek and n= ‘al shol are given in Appendioos A,B and G, respective Remarks: ‘As soan in the above discussion, the general solution to the ‘governing diferent equations for @ puley canbe fray wans- fomedintoafrite-eleent form, TH3 abows us 16 extot my fila skment analyse (FEA) capabiltes. to resove Pulley Stresses using au” MMI mothod. The most valuable FEA capa- bilfy to be employed is the way of treating complicated boun- dary conditors. Therelore, usng the MIM method, we can fesly take eto account the elastic couping between the rm ‘nd the end-ask by folowing FEA assem orcoadures, and Implement the lock assembly pressure by using the FEA ap- ‘roach ol reating mechanical ntererence between two bokes. Blot of these problems carat be easly 0° precealy anced by ‘mest classical methods. 3. Assembly of TMB Elements for a Pulley Model in PSTRESS 3.0 In PSTRESS 3.0, tho above derived TMB beam, disk plate and cyinctcal shel eiemont sttiness matrices ave brought together {o form a global sitinose matrix fora puley in essential the ‘same Way a8 ‘hat Convortional FEM. However, cae must be taken at Wo lcators, where speci element assembiy meth 08 aro requied. 715‘Theft cat ite connacton ron baton te shel and tha disk shown in ig 2a, were the trite dimension of te ent has tobe takeninto socount tha efnecs mati, Te oorwen tinal way of testing the whale reqjon as a sing node would cause slgnfleant error in stress solutions near this region. One Of the reasonable ways of providing comect elastic sitios 10 ornect the rm and the disk roalng th whole gon a & Special element by apalyng a. substructure method. in PSTRESS 3.0, sucha gpsual element ehown in Fig, 20 fs devel ped, “Te second location s the connection point between the lock: Ing device and the shaft One thing that must be kept mend {connection region in Edge im End disk o om Connected th im oe | wth th ed dsk ) a2: Coney senate fender ik Fa. London etoy verb ercon eure SoBe © Hie a In © 76 when assembling elements in this locaton fs that the fir solu an consists of many Fourie: components, of which the shat ‘lent only contributes to the cures components of = 0.1 ‘and Infact, a pully structure, the shaft deformation is ‘Qoverned only by these three Foren Components duo 10 is ‘Sender geometry. For the component of m = 0, the cons: ‘Spending shat deiormaton can be exacty modeled by a TMB ‘yinerical shel eer proserted in Appancik C. When @ TMS beam olemont described iv Appendix A is used, representing tho shaft detrmation of components of m = —1 and 1 fe. bbenaing deformation the flung constants onthe deforma: tion of he connecting point must be imeosed: a a @ 6 w, and, ae the shalt daiecton and rctatonal angie respec tivaly at the connecting point, where the subsoriot s denotes. shat detrmation. The General detritons of, and @,areqven in Append Lg My a Oy ate dk plate displacements and rotational afigle"at the connecting point, where the subscript m denotes the Fours: component nar m= =1 or. The general det= Iilons Of Up, Yq Wn 20 ae gen in ADEN Bry the ‘hat radial The Sonnectan por Such constraints are easy to implement in a finte element ‘madel by using FEA state condensation or pansy methods [10] In PSTRESS 3.0, tho stato condensation math is ert- ployed. Fnaly it must be ported cut thatthe TMB bean ele- Fett stness matic and conesponding nodal foroes must be ‘uted by factor of 2 bofoe they ae assembled ito global ‘qusions, due othe dflerence between actual forces andhar- ‘meni fxces. 4, Numerical Example (Coneidar the bot conveyer pully shown in Fig, 1, which i sup- potted on tho bearings and subjected toa locking pressure of 418,71 mPa (16.778 po) at the interface between the Icking ‘Soice ad csk hu, The shell cecumfental surface pressure ‘and shear joating between crcumferental angles of 8S) and 254, are developed ram unequal bel tensions 1, = 077 KN, (226800 ) and T, » 652.98 KN (142,200 Ip) stan in Fig. 3. “The material propetes anc geometrical parameters of the pu ley are qven In Table 1. TNs. puley is enalyzed by using PSTRESS 30, ANSYS 4.4 and CD's dean of Lance's clase ‘8001 mothod, respectively. Because of symmetry, only one ‘quarter of pully cross section & modeled, In the PSTRESS model, the rim is meade with 2 TMB le- ments, the dek is modded with 6 TMB elements, the shafts modeledwith $ TMB elment, ard Fouriencormponants are Used. The reason for using more TMB cements for the disk Is ‘he neces of takng account ofthe non-urtorm thickness of thedis Inthe ANSYS FEA moda, 8,000 axsymmetre stuct- Fal sold elomerts twin non axis-symmetnc loading) are er ployed in the 2-0 cross-section. The use of the ANSYS FEM package to analyzes pulley i discussed in [5 Figs, 4-7 show the PSTRESS nurnercal resus compared wth the ANSYS resus. From these igues, itis saen that atlocaton ‘Rol the rm and location of the ck the agreament bation the resus of the MTM matod and the resus of the conven- ‘ional FEM is good. Atlocaton 8 of them and location C ofthe isk the agreement is sill good, but some accuracy is cb:ater Pope Poca in era ros incr rte, Batches bah nc Yona makin MPS! poset reese nee ecang ac th ehas bent darter ces ete Fetish | Ftc at ces Dk none ence nan mem eae adie saa 20 ane itis tatoo omer, eee 110 ae zr 12 ‘ot 7A Tee rl pares and one panos served. The ron may be thal acatons Band C are within the ‘connection region between the rim and dk, were the &-D ‘1e88 states move slgrifcant and cannot be fly taken ino a fount 2D shal and plata theories. Accorang to St. Vas Dino and our Sxperionce, this &-D stress state has only a ‘ory localized efecton pully stress solution when the thick esses of im and dak are reatvaly smal compared wth the length and racus of the fn, R-must be noted that the MTN ‘mattod is much more effcint than the corwentcnal FEM. PSTRESS 910 takes approxrnataly 30 seconds to obtain & so: lon on an IBM PC 486, incuing the fatigue anaisis. The FEM (ANSYS) souton takes 2-24 hours on an IBM F2SC 6000 workstation, igs. 0-11 shove the comparison cf umerioal zu bation LBces solution and the FEM sohiton. Excap! at location A, [Gnst's soliton does not agree wiih te FEM soliton. The oor agreement ig dua to the errs. ‘resting tho alae ouping betwoen tho ren and the end-skin Lavse's met: Figs, 12 and 13 show both the PSTRESS and ANSYS resuts at to comers othe inefane Batwween the ocking device and the haf (ovations EE ofFig '). At these two locations, &-D sess sate much mere significant than at localons @ and C. in ‘order to produce mare accurate stress solstons atthe two cor- fers, we initoduoe stress concertaton factors 200 ane st frdor Feuren comoonent souttons by using our emoial fr ‘ule Bul in PSTAESS 3.0. As soon In Figs. 12 and 13, thaso ‘Corrected solutions agree well with ANSYS. solitons. ao wee Roe “TEA eng Se oR eer aaa = RCS RTT] = ig; Sze octon Ac PETRESS 0 Aye FG: Stats Lootlon te ot a PSTRESS 2.0 rah FS Snes osaton Bae ter PSTRESS Oe Fo. 7 Samat ocron Dect de PSTFESS SO Aran om t r i 5 85 we Ho ala ao Se woo Sa & & ei i ae se te Ho Te Ho "ra ETA ere A RTS FETE] = A EE ST] aPulley stress. 5. Conclusions ‘Anew pulay sess analysis method which s base on reform: lad transfer matric has baen doweiopad, An accurat solution can be obtained by using this method. Three transfor matrix: bated elements for the shat, sk plate and cyncleal shel hhave been developed. A numerical erampie hes been given, which dernenstates the merts ofthis new method, References Linke, H.: Inesigations on Stress in Bet Conveyor Pu eyo; Doctoral thesis, Teoria nivrsty Hannover, 063, SSowmoura, Wl: The Design of Conveyor Balt Pulleys with Continous Stats; Doctoral thesis, Technical University, Hannover 1974 m1 a Fa 6 Sse Lost fe of ir cc Arle HSH ei ih ao ae ae we we 1 we i Ts Ta Te Fo ao a oa Be “TTA nr “EIN aes) a ee) = ET] 16) See ttn Ca ee Lane Arai Fo. 12 Sree Lassen rte oad PSTRESS 30 fre 1 Stee Lenton of ae Le Ar Fo: StesueoLecan Ect pul PSTRESS 30 fr © © ti iro | SEs RT Se] ne[9]. Yooemot, A: Analysis of Belt Conveyor Pulley Using Fite ‘Bement Method, Proc. th int Contin Austaia on Fite ‘Bomont Methods, Urwersty of Melbourne, Aug. 18-20, 902. [4]. Dane, WT. Development of a Conveyor Puley Stress ‘Anaiysis Packager Proc. il. Conf. on Buk Material Stor ‘990, Handing and Transportation, Newoaste, Aug 22-24, 983. 15]. Sev, V. and Noroei, LIK: Modem Pully Design Tec riques and Fale Anayss Methods; Proceedings of SME ‘neue Meeting & Eni, Reno Nevada, USA, Feb. 15> 18, 1983, [Ol PESTEL EG, ana Lec, FA: Mane Mayu m Ebsto mechanics; New York McGraw-Hil Book Co., 1983, [7] Yex Kwvuans General Seluton 90 Corain Problems of Elasty wth Non-Homogensty snd Variable Thickness, The Advances of Appiied Mathomatics and Mectanis, Vo. China Academic Publishers, pp 240-273, 1987. [2] Bowes, W.E, and DPA, RC. Bementiry Diferentia Equations; Fit Eton, tn Wiey& Sons ne, New York, son, TB] Trostewo, S. and Wonousir-Karcen, S: Theory of Paatos and Shals; MeGraw-Hl Book Co, Second Eton, 1959. 10} 00%, F.O., Mav, B.S. and Pues, ME: Concepts and Applcalons of Fite Bement Analysis; Third ton, John ‘ey & Sons In, 1989, ‘Appendix A ‘TMB Finite Element for Beam Fig. At shows foroas that act ona diferent beam, Loads P, 'M, and are shown in thelr postive sense, zi the exal coord nate, Te equilbum equations are 1p Pog an e i 2) ae By using Tosreno's beam theory, we have 3) sy nine the suits dances the shaft deformation, w, isthe haf naual avis placement, -, she slope due to bending ‘.,02s the slope of the center he ofthe Bean, kis a shape facor equal to 0.75 tor ccular cross socton, the bending Sitfass,@ Is the cross-section area, and G i the shear mod ulus as. (At) can be watt in a mati frm apse as) a where Be Cie, Op, P, MI eo) B= (0,0, 9, oF an ° ia co o 6 (AB) act al oo 0 0 oo 1 0 ‘whore i called stato vaable vector. ‘Acoarding to the ODE thoory [the gneral salution 1 Ea. (AS) ‘canbe expressed as, pey=Teype.)+Te] Ter Beds Ao) were z) <2 2, 2, and, ae the coordinates comesponding to two ends ofthe Beam, and Tz is he transfer matrix sty ing or @ AT and Teo (ato) ‘whore isthe identity matrix Fatouing the genecal procedure eacribed ins]. wo can ebtain the folovang closed forn tans- ter matric where 2, <2 <2, Following the procedure deserbedin Appen- 13k, we can obian the follwing fnte coment equaton, which Is eauvalent to Ea, (AS) Kaur = Fil Ft (aia) where (52s BCE W520). B20) Ft" is the beam element extemal force vector, AR is the ‘basm eloment intemal fora vector, and Kay 6 the beam ee ‘ment stiness mati, which can be expresso ais) Vas 719ae ‘Symmetric Pasa ter ase! Pa ata Li+0 Leal 126) BEF 1261 Be eae Oe ewe! iia Moe ea nia) = 2B any tazi-ze A) Tas pone Its not suprising o note thatthe TMB fle lament stiffs matric fora beam derived as Eg, (A14)s ieniical to the Beam Stifness matic derived by using corventionl frite element ‘method bacause the potomia-ype tial uncon used n con- verona! FEM exactly represents the actual beam displace. ment. However for other iypes of sructures such as plate and Shel, the TME! clerrantstifnoss matrices may not be tho samo ‘a8 the canventonal nite element stiness matces Appendix B “TMB Finite Element for Disk Plate with Variable Thickness 2.1 TMB Banding Blarmant Fig, Bt shows a lfeertial element of plate subjcted to bend ing loads. x.y/and 2 are Cartoson coordinates with 2 enincing win pulley axel rection, x herzontal ection, and y vertical rection. and @ are dick eyindical coordinates. Loads Q,. Oy IMM, end i.e shown inter postive sense, Te equlbiich equatlons are Mi-My 12M @ re a Sila Me _ 10M (62) a ae ato) 3) yore where gs the external transverse force acting onthe neutral urlace of th plato, and equatons representing the force ‘mation rlatonsni are au (lau = 0f 2 (1% a [= CE : te ca © 13 1atu My = 00 =) 2 © 7 30 ‘where 1 is the plate neutral surace tansverse displacement (e22 Fg. Bt), wis the Possow’s ratio, et b- en 720 Es ne Younc's modus ls the thickness ofthe plate, ich Iga Rincon of Within he element, we assume teen? ea) where c and p are constens, Also, we assume the follownng Funes series forthe comeonerts of displacement and forces: . Loncoene + Sas eo) a= ZoncowresBa.nsnme 10) = Zencoimer Ba, name 1610) 0,- Lomsnm+ZO.ncoome 12) M,=Zoqcosmo+ SM,-asnme 619) y= Sea coumds My ashing (814) My= SZ Mgsime+ SMa qcoume 15) Whe Upe gs Qs Opy My Ms My = 0, 31,82, } a0 function of 7 onl. Substitiing Eqs. (39)(B16) iio Eas. (21) (86), we have thefallowng crdnary ferential aquations ere) MyM) = a on on wo) e2) (621) wero m = 0, #1, 42, .. and the primo represents derivative vith raapoet fo introditing the folowing sate variables is. B1: Sendra aot on rela aten= Wl One Vor Man (822) where On = Lin (23) on =~ 280 (28) 7 225) Eiriatng te var bl, My My: My: Ory 88 Quy 2769 Eqs, (B16}{821) anc 623} 1826) we San cbtain the folowing ‘matictorm equation He vetttant | (0, 0. 2109, OFF “Theretor, folowing the prooedure desorbed! Append D, we can oblah the Tolowing Tete dement equation fora circular late eng fs 7) wih varble thickness and subjected to Ramone Banding bac Keo mln’ = Fim * Fest (e29) where UEP = (Wins Aor Cine Bond” — (820) Kono pte rant banding shes mati, Af, the sheen extra ero voce, FAB Ist erent eal force ecto, the subscript L and 0 denote locations at c= andr respectively, and m denotes the Foun component umber Bue to tno compledty in dering the ancter mathe Or Eq, 626), fs much moro dlffcut to obtain a cosed-forn expression for Ka of Eq. (226) than for Kay of Ea, 12. Instead, we can ei eccutatly calculate Ky Dy Using Out Computer program of PSTRESS &.0 mentioned Th Fomark Wot AppenchxD, 2.2 TOM Plane Stes Elmont Fg, 82 shows a ciferental element of plate subjected in plane lacing, Loads N,N, and, are shawn in thelr sive ‘Sense. The detntions of x, 2. arg ara the sare as in soc~ tion 8.1, The equlltsum equations are am Me. ex ee is a Watney oy we tr 3 The eter for foes etrrton latonetp ae MD [Met eu) ean avila M6) x =( oxy = we EM) ew a Fa Re rete cee acon waver deme tae whe the dafinitions fy, E and tare the same asin section 1, andy and. are te agplacements of tro noutal sue in ‘okeuerenia and radial dractons, respecte ‘Wo assume the folowing Four series forthe components of dspiacements nd forces v din sinmo + = vgcoame (B96) w Ewrncoumes Soranme sr) N= Eninconnes En shee 8) encase Dros (220) Trensiomes SE Nyacoame — B40) Whe Uy Migs Ny Nyy BPA Ng PR = 0 1, 2, a func= tions of? ony, Suosktung Eqs (586) (BA0) into Eqs. 3th (835, we have the folowing ordinary dlferental equatons, en) ere) Nig = Lwin es) ow . way Nn = 645) 1, 42,43, . Introducing te folowing stale var~ lables 1 * mn Ve BAN» 2AM” M6) 721and eliminating N., among Eas, (8 41}1848), we obtain ue (=, £1, 42,4) BM) ers) “Thus, fling the smiar procedure in dething Ea (B29), wo can rally derve tho folowing TMB tite element equation fora Creular ing (=<, th varabe nicks, sUb}eted 10 = plane harmo loacg Kom Unt = Fen + whore um vm (B49) (@50) (me Yam Wore Volt ui te amin plane tess sess mat, Fin sthe lent etal oro vector, ily sre Semen rts oc ectr, and te subscpt and O deete locations at =r and ‘Cespactvoy, and donee te Founen component han be ‘Combining Eq. {B29) and Eq. (B49), we can form a TMB shell Stement or i amon in bcd 6 bh Bann as ‘pina oacing Koni Un’ = Frain + Feat (651) whore Kans tha ask lemon siness atx, USK fhe ‘ment displacement velar, Fl she elomert extra feo wector, ard FS, i the element intemal free vector. Tay 6an be caluates bythe okowng omuae UK = Wim Vins Wim Ome Yams Moms ems Bon)" 52) Konm = St Keo mS + 82K en me (853) Frnt = SFist + S2Fin (B54) Sin =StFEEmSLFy (855) 19000000 i ==. ooo 01000 ooo DD Oo: omar: Iu Any othr stat variables than those definedtin Eq, (B22) and (646) cannot be employed because they may aad 10 in ‘cotect dlemantstfiness matrices and force vectors de 10 the velaion of Masine'sreiorocal thoorem, \. Stiffoas mations obtained! fom transfor mates must be symmetra. Any mistakes in choosing sata variable, in de ring equations, acorn numerical programing my lead to asymmetic sitness matrices, 122 mo i the stress calcuatlon Is desired, we can folow the flloing steps 1. calito values of state variable a element nodes, use transfer matix and Eg. (03) to calouste vats of Stale varables st ary Intro location of the element ‘whore sress vas are desired, © calesat feet derivative of tato variables at desied loca ‘ors by use Eq, (B26) and Ea. B47), 1, alesat@ My My Magy Nye Nyy 87 Ny DY USING Eas. B19}1821)and Eas. Bia) (B48) and «6, caleuate Fourie components of stresses by using calcu tata fern in step ‘Appendix C ‘TMB Finite Element for Cylindrical Shell Fig. C1 shows forces acting on a ctferental eloment ofa yin ciicl aha with constant tekness and radu F, 2. and @ are tyleical coordinates. Loads W,, Np. S, Qy, Oy, My, My ana Mj, are shown in ther postive Senge. The ogultum Gaus tis, according to (9), aro © 2) ro) (ca) where ff, anf, ar@ exoral oad acting on the nea sr ‘ace of fhe shal in axa reurferntial an racial directions ro spectively, and the equations for force displacoment relation ship, according to, are (uw (ee aan i) (au, aw tip = EL (tg ro avila aay") &_(™ %) o 2a hag be aw au M, =-0| 5 +4 (Co) (= aa) M (Sta) (c10) a aoe aw Miz 2-1 -wd on are where u, v and w are shel neural surface displacements in ‘ia, ccumferental and racial directions, respectvay, ee R0-wthe dofnitons of E ang w ae the same as in sacton B, and tis Ihe constant chel hicaness. We assume the folowng FouneR ‘component of dsplanements an foress to= Sten cosmos Dias re) t= Stmcosmes Dh,nsrme (C14) ua Zoncoame Surgsime — 15) Lrasiones Svncosm — 16) w= Derqcosmes Derqsinme — G17) = Enyacoames Ewan — 18) my « Enqcoame Ene asiome 10 s=Zsqsrmo+TSncosme 20) = Emig cosmos EM gsheng (C20 Fs Raerhtmenete rrften ° 0 0 cf 0 ° ° ° Ce Mage EMrensnings SY Mea.ncoome (629) 0) = Ya,ncosme+ 20).nsnme 24) 0;= Loznsnme+3,Q,-ncceme (025) ebnn al Fox caticonte ave functions of = only. Subatt ing Eas. (C1225) ito Eqs. (C1C1}, mroducing the fl- Towng stato vanabies 4 ps Yas Wins Os 2RAN 2ARS, BaF ne 22M ST (028) wnere B= Win (c27) and Vig = Qin 2 Mom (C28) a ‘and lerinating Ave Verables, Nay Many Mare Qj 1 Qn {We can fal obtain te flor mait-forn equon after 8 Jong tedus precede of mathematical dervaton Be agaeh (m=O, £1, £2.03 2) were 2 4 C om 0 3 a o kyo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ae ° °° @ 00 0 : oe ° 10 (00) ©, 0, 0, 0, ~28Fhany ~2RFfyq, —28Rliny OFF (oat) ‘Theretore, aocercng to the conclusions of Appendx the zanslor mais for Ea, (28) can be ebtaned by the computer ‘roayam developed PSTRESS 3.0. Based on the vanstor ms= Iie the TMB trite cament for oyincica shall wih 2, <2 < 2, ‘can be derived by folowing the procedure doscribed ih Apoen ‘xD, and Be reat can be expression by Kes Fy +S «c32) were USE = Wins Yims Won knw one Yom Won» Spm) (38) 723ogni the ofc cha sttncs mat, Fy the emer ‘extemal force vector, Fi, isthe element interna force vector, ‘ana the suoserpis Land 0 conote locations at 2 = 2, and 2 2, spectively, and m dancies the Funes component rub, I tres calc ation for elinchical shal i dived, wo can flow the simi procedure described in Remark vf section B. ‘Appendix D Procedure of Deriving TMB Finite Element In Appencloes A, B and C, tis shown that the governing eaua- tions fr Fourier components fr shaft, end-dsk plate with non- Union thickness, and eyindkcal shel of pulley can be re- ‘duced Io a set of ODES of fil order respective. and these (ODES can be finaly unvied as the folowing fern My ds Ina thy — 4122) OD ‘here the suoserpt m denotes the ordinary numberof Foust components, lea 2nx 20 ma, L168 29% | vector con tang external ads, ¥, 1s the siete Vereble vector dened as Yn Uns Fa (oa Up is nm x 1 vector containing generalized csplacemants, Fy 21 3 1 vector containing corresponcing ganorazed internal foroae, ands fsa axial or racial coordinate of tha ply, which is assumed within he range of s, 55s, where 5, and s, are Corresponding to two ends ofa bully component Section fe. sement, Because Ea. (0) sneer, the general solutions obtainable. By sng the theory of ODE [the general soluton to Ea, (D1) can bewniten as, TalD¥n(S0)+Tul)] To A) bated 3) vols lars Tafa 29x 2n mati callod ranstor mati satisjng ST tiny and ToB0) «oe, os ‘wheres the identy matix. For any set of near ordinary dif rontial equations, which can be exprossod i the form of Ea (01), hero axis a uniquo 2n x 2n ranstor mate Ts) satis ing Ea. (04). Eq. DI) sa set of constant ODES (6. Hy i eperdont of s) er can bo tanetormed into act of costant ‘ODES, @ closed-form transfer mati 7) is obtanabie. The ‘ener proceso of dung T, (sis dacussed in many text ‘Boake, such 26 the one by Bork and DPmna [In wa 0 lows it this section, is shown that a specia fete element ie. ‘TMEl element) can be developed rom Ea, (D3) Lotus considera socton of pulley, whichis located ns <5 < svandie E te Tals.) 0) ru Ter 4 we] | 0 ‘san=| on al 728 roe ee ances Pa Totti) Tot" BOIX OB where UL =Unis.) (09) Uy = Up (so) or) Fo = Fil) ony Fino = Filo) or) “Thon Ea, (D9) can be revit 2s, [4] [i sal fal 7 Pe 018 Ful” Lev Fe Luo Reorgunizing Ea. 012), we have 1 Tw PU]_[O Ter Fee d +P, (014) (RIE Sle] from ich we can obtsin Ka =Frin-+Foan (015) vere [ello = (01) 1 ir} lo ty On =i, oo om fi FR] or) wane l 4 Foon Fe (019) 4 te tis seen that Ea, (015) is formated in a finte-slemnt fem, where K,, ie element ffnass matrix, D, ie the element ce placement vector, Ff the element intsmal force vector, and Foc 8 te slomert excemal force vector. The detaled proce- cli of dovslopng TMB oloments or shaft, nd-ask and eyr- ‘cal shel ae given in Appencices A, Band C, respectively, Pomaris |. 1s noted that developing TM tte elements the tl function for representing element displacement felis not re- ‘ued. Tiss the feature tat dstinguishes the MM method ‘Wom the convertonal rte element methoc. Ih genera for any type of structures, whove governing dite: rental equations can be reduced 10 the form of Eq. (D1), wich can be further transtormed ‘ato a set of constant (ODES, the comesponding transter mati T,(6} of Eq, (03) can be derived folowing some standard procedure do- scribed in [In most cases, the procedure of daring Ts) canbe fled by using acemputer progam, and, deed in Ea, (D8) can be evaluated anaiticly or umericaly, net therefore, a computer program can be made, where the Inout fs the matic, and the extema loads, and the outout is the TMB element stnase matt and element extaral force vector. In the program, thre is ro discretization eeror in computing TMB elerrentsiness matrix. As & FORTRAN subroutine, such a compute program has been developed. In PSTRESS 30,