C++ TUTORIAL FOR BEGINNERS

October 11, 2020

Sponsoring Agency: Diazonic Labs

Speaker: Sabira Parveen

C++ is a high-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs.

C++ adds object-oriented features to its predecessor, C. C++ is one of the most popular
programming language for graphical applications, such as those that run in Windows and
Macintosh environments. C++ was designed with a bias toward system programming and
embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems, with performance, efficiency and
flexibility of use as its highlights.

C++ uses a convenient abstraction called “streams” to perform input and output
operations in sequential media such as the screen, the keyboard or a file. A stream is an entity
where a program can either insert or extract characters to/from. There is no need to know
details about the media associated to the stream or any of its internal specifications. A loop is
used for executing a block of statements repeatedly until a particular condition is satisfied. For
example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want to set the value of a
variable to 1 and it will display 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. In C+
+, there are three types of basic loops: for, while and do-while. As a program executes, the
interpreter always keep track of which statement is about to be executed. They call this the
control flow, or the flow, or the flow of execution of the program. In loop, initialization happens
first and only once, which means that the initialization part of the loop only executes once.
Condition in for loop is evaluated on each loop iteration, if the condition is true then the
statements inside the for for loop body gets executed. Once the condition returns false, the
statements in for loop does not execute and the control gets transferred to the next statement in
the program after for loop. After every execution of for loop’s body, the increment/decreament
part of for loop executes that updates the loop counter.