MARTHA ROGER’S

-Martha Rogers’ theory is known as the Science of Unitary Human Beings . The theory views nursing as
both a science and an art as it provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is integral with the
universe. The unitary human being and his or her environment are one. Nursing focuses on people and
the manifestations that emerge from the mutual human-environmental field process. Her model
addresses the importance of the environment as an integral part of the patient, and uses that
knowledge to help nurses blend the science and art of nursing to ensure patients have a smooth
recovery and can get back to the best health possible.

DOROTHEA OREM
-Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on each “individual’s ability to perform self-care,
defined as ‘the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in
maintaining life, health, and well-being.'” The Self-Care or Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing is
composed of three interrelated theories: (1) the theory of self-care, (2) the self-care deficit theory, and
(3) the theory of nursing systems, which is further classified into wholly compensatory, partial
compensatory and supportive-educative.

ROY
- The essence of Roy’s Adaptation Model in nursing envisions an individual from a holistic view
responding positively to environmental changes. According to Roy, human beings are subjected to
constant interaction with their changing environment, and eventually, adapt to the system. Health is
unavoidable and described as a process of being becoming integrated and whole. The model includes
subsystems, the cognator subsystem is a major coping process involving four cognitive-emotive
channels: perceptual and information processing,learning judgement and emotion. This theory helps in
nursing through accepting the humanistic approach of giving value to a person’s views and opinion and
knowing that interpersonal relations are essential to nursing. Moreover, she was named as the Living
Legend by the American Academy of Nursing and Massachusetts Registered Nurses Association because
she changed the face of nursing making a huge impact on the nursing world focusing on how to take
care of patients and provide quality health care services.

JOHNSONS
- Johnson’s Behavioral System Model is a model of nursing care that advocates the fostering of efficient
and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness. It describes the person as a
behavioral system with 7 subsystems which are interrelated with one another and the environment. The
focus of her model is behavioral works rather than just the biological aspect of a person. It focuses on
the holistic approach of nursing where behavior and biology are intertwined. The similarities of the
theories of King, Neuman, and Johnson, is that, they have a holistic approach in treating patients.

NEUMANS
- In the Systems Model, prevention is the primary intervention. It focuses on keeping stressors and the
stress response from having a detrimental effect on the body. Primary prevention occurs before the
patient reacts to a stressor. It includes health promotion and maintaining wellness. Secondary
prevention occurs after the patient reacts to a stressor and is provided in terms of the existing system. It
focuses on preventing damage to the central core by strengthening the internal lines of resistance and
removing the stressor. Tertiary prevention occurs after the patient has been treated through secondary
prevention strategies. It offers support to the patient and tries to add energy to the patient or reduce
energy needed to facilitate reconstitution.

KINGS
- Imogene King Goal Attaintment Theory explains that the nurse and patient go hand-in-hand in
communicating information, set goals together, and then take actions to achieve those goals. The
factors that affect the attainment of goals are roles, stress, space, and time. On the other hand, the goal
of the nurse is to help patients maintain health so they can function in their individual roles. The nurse’s
function is to interpret information in the nursing process, to plan, implement, and evaluate nursing
care.

- The Theory of Goal Attainment defines nursing as “a process of action, reaction and interaction by
which nurse and client share information about their perception in a nursing situation” and “a process of
human interactions between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and the situation, and
through communication, they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals.” In this
definition, action is a sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical action, and reaction is
included in the sequence of behaviors described in action. King states that the goal of a nurse is to help
individuals to maintain their health so they can function in their roles. The domain of the nurse “includes
promoting, maintaining, and restoring health, and caring for the sick, injured and dying.” The function of
a professional nurse is “to interpret information in the nursing process to plan, implement, and evaluate
nursing care.”