Under normal binocular viewing conditions, the image of the object of regard falls

simultaneously on the fovea of each eye (bifoveal fixation), and the vertical retinal
meridians are both upright. Strabismus is any ocular misalignment in which only
one eye fixates with the fovea on the object of regard. (In everyday language,
squint means partial closure of the eye to see more clearly, but sometimes it is used
to mean strabismus.) Misalignment of the eyes may be in any direction—inward
(eso-), outward (exo-), up (hyper-), down (hypo-), or torsional. The amount of
deviation is the angle by which the deviating eye is misaligned. Tropia (manifest
strabismus, heterotropia; Box 12–1) is strabismus present under binocular
viewing conditions. Phoria (latent strabismus, heterophoria) is a deviation
present only after binocular vision has been interrupted by occlusion of one eye.