Student's Book Answer Key

Student’s Book Answer Key
Note: In communicative exercises where several answers are possible, this answer key contains some examples of
correct answers, not all possible answers. Any valid answer in this type of exercise should be considered acceptable.
GRAMMAR READINESS SELF-CHECK Gerunds and infinitives

Quantifiers for indefinite quantities and A
amounts 5. getting
1. speaking
A 2. worrying 6. to feel
1. much 4. a lot of 3. changing 7. to accept
2. many 5. some 4. being
3. much 6. many
The passive voice
The real conditional
A
A 1. One Hundred Years of Solitude was written by
1. If you call me tomorrow morning, I will give / I’ll Gabriel García Márquez in 1967.
give you the information you need. 2. Fried cheese balls are eaten for lunch or snacks.
2. Will the hotel gift shop be open if I arrive after 3. Las Meninas was painted by the Spanish artist
6:00 p.m.? Diego Velázquez in 1656.
3. If you do not hurry / you don’t hurry, the fitness 4. The beds are turned down every night at the
center won’t be / will not be open. Gates Hotel.
4. Will we miss the express train if we arrive at the 5. Mangos are grown in many countries around
station after 4:00? the world.
5. If you click on the scroll bar, the screen will
move up and down. The past continuous
A
The unreal conditional
1. had
A
2. was looking up
1. b. broke
3. found
2. a. would you do
4. decided
3. a. would tell
5. was doing
4. c. wanted
6. crashed
5. b. would you feel
7. tried
6. b. went
8. was trying
Comparisons with as…as 9. rang
A 10. said
1. London is just as exciting as Rome. / Rome is just Use to / Used to

as exciting as London.
2. The ceramic vase is not nearly as beautiful as the
A
glass vase. 1. didn’t use to like
3. I’m not quite as rebellious as my sister. 2. used to be
4. The Green Hotel is almost as expensive as the 3. Did, use to go
Chelton Hotel. 4. used to have
5. The movie Kill Bill was just as violent as War of 5. used to be
the Worlds. / The movie War of the Worlds was
6. didn’t use to be
just as violent as Kill Bill.
Top Notch 3, Third Edition 1

Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
The present perfect 9. doesn’t she
A 10. was there
1. hasn’t gotten up LESSON 2: Describe a busy schedule
2. haven’t had
GRAMMAR
3. saw
A Grammar practice
4. ’ve stayed
The following statements should be checked:
1. First I decided to take my vacation in Bangkok.
Then they decided to have the meeting there.
UNIT 1 2. First she reviewed the agenda. Then she got to
the meeting.
PREVIEW 3. First they asked us to turn off our cell phones.
Then the CEO began her presentation.
A Answers will vary, but may include the following:
Don’t be late for meetings. B Accept answers with or without contractions.
Don’t wear denim or shorts. 1. At 8:30 Meg had already dropped off her
Don’t make or take calls, or text during meetings. laundry, but she hadn’t yet taken the cat to her
mom’s house.
Don’t have your phone on ring.
2. By 10:45 she had already taken the cat to her
Don’t take calls in the meeting room. mom’s house, but she hadn’t yet packed for the
Don’t use last names. meeting.
3. By 12:15 she had already picked up the sales
D Think and explain binders at Office Solutions, but she hadn’t yet
Answers will vary, but may include the following: had/eaten lunch with Adam.
1. He was surprised because she is Chilean, but 4. At l:30 she had already had/eaten lunch with
greeted him with the wai. He asked her where Adam, but she hadn’t yet returned the DVDs to
she learned it. FilmPix.
2. Because she knew Surat was from Thailand. 5. By 2:15 she had already returned the DVDs to
3. She meant that Surat didn’t need to call her FilmPix, but she hadn’t yet seen the dentist.
“Ms. Segovia.” 6. At 5:55 she had already seen the dentist, but she
4. It means when you are in a new place, you hadn’t yet gotten a manicure.
should follow the local customs.
LESSON 3: Develop your cultural awareness
LESSON 1: Make small talk
BEFORE YOU LISTEN
Grammar
B
A Find the grammar 1. taboo
You’re Chilean, aren’t you? 2. punctuality
B Grammar practice 3. offensive
1. isn’t he 4. table manners
2. didn’t I 5. customary
3. isn’t he 6. etiquette
4. will she 7. impolite
5. have we 8. cultural literacy
6. wasn’t it
7. can it
8. weren’t they

LISTENING COMPREHENSION dating (found in Ms. Hartley’s 2nd answer and GC’s
4th question)—seeing someone romantically
A Listen for main ideas
curfew (found in Ms. Hartley’s 4th answer)—the
1 Arturo 2 Hiroko 3 Javier / time that a parent sets for a son or daughter to be
Subjects home at night
/ Jettrin / Nadia Sujeet
table ✓ grounded (found in Ms. Hartley’s 4th answer)—
manners made by your parent to stay home, as punishment
greetings ✓
REVIEW
dress and ✓ A The following statements should be checked:
clothing
1. She’d like to be addressed by her first name.
male / ✓ ✓
female 2. She’d prefer to be called by her title and last
behavior name.
taboos ✓ ✓ 3. It’s customary to call people by their first name
there.
offensive ✓ ✓
behavior 4. He’s comfortable with the policy about names.
punctuality 5. She prefers to use the title “Dr.”
language ✓ ✓
B
1. are you
LESSON 4: Discuss how culture changes
over time 2. weren’t you
READING 3. have they

4. had she
A Draw conclusions
5. can’t I
Answers will vary, but may include the following:
6. will you
1. In her 80s.
7. didn’t I
2. The present. She says the present is different “in
a lot of good ways.” 8. won’t we
3. She thinks it’s unfortunate that “they don’t have 9. weren’t they
time to make a proper meal.” 10. aren’t they
4. No. She wishes that families still sat down
together for meals, and that kids didn’t eat C
so many snacks and so much fast food. She 1. table manners
implies that children don’t follow table etiquette
2. etiquette
anymore. She thinks boys and girls begin dating
too young. She also doesn’t like how children 3. punctuality
and teens call adults by their first names.
B Understand from context

Answers will vary but may include the following: UNIT 2
elders (found in Ms. Hartley’s 2nd answer and GC’s
5th question)—people who are older than you and PREVIEW
should be respected C Focus on language
workforce (found in Ms. Hartley’s 3rd answer)—all 1. e 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. d
the people who have a job or work in a particular
area

LESSON 1: Show concern and offer help
VOCABULARY
C Listen to activate vocabulary
dizziness nausea weakness vomiting coughing sneezing wheezing pain If pain, where?
1 ✓ ✓ ✓ shoulder
2 ✓ ✓ back of neck
3 ✓ ✓ back
4 ✓ ✓
5 ✓
6 ✓ hip
GRAMMAR LESSON 4: Talk about medications

Grammar practice LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. must be A Listen to activate vocabulary
2. must not want Name: Lucy Fernández
Name: Didem Yilmaz
3. must feel What are the patient’s symp
toms ? What are the patient’s
symptoms?
has a headache, feels nau
has back pain seous
4. must want
Is thepatient currently taking any Is the patient currently
taking any
5. must not be medications? ✓ Yes No medications? ✓ Yes
No
If so, which ones?
If so, which ones?
6. must not feel antacid, painkillers
painkillers Did the patient get a pres
ription? cription?
Did the patient get a presc ✓Yes No
LESSON 2: Make a medical or dental ✓ Yes No
appointment Name: Mark Goh
What are the patient’s symptoms?
GRAMMAR has red eyes
Grammar practice Is the patient currently taking any
medications? ✓Yes No
1. might be able to get If so, which ones?
eye drops
2. might have Did the patient get a prescription?
✓Yes No
3. A: might be
B: might not have B Listen for d
details
il
4. B: must not be able to hear
Didem Yilmaz
Dosage: One tablet twice a dayy
LESSON 3: Discuss types of treatments Side effects: ✓Yes No Lucy Fernández
If so, what are they? Dosage: twice a day
READING causes nausea, vomiting Side effects: ✓Yes No
If so, what are they?
A Understand from context may cause tiredness
medications treatments symptoms remedies Mark Goh

twice a day
Dosage: Apply ointment
uses purposes therapies illnesses Side effects: Yes ✓No
If so, what are they?
C Draw conclusions
1. might not want to try: conventional medicine;
might prefer: acupuncture / homeopathy
2. might not want to try: homeopathy;
conventional medicine;
might prefer: spiritual healing
3. might not want to try: herbal therapy / spiritual
healing; might prefer: conventional medicine

REVIEW SPEAKING
A Answers will vary, but may include the following:
1. The patient lost a filling when she was eating Procrastinator? Organized? Explain
candy. Sam ✓ He will work
2. The patient has been sneezing all day. She needs hard to
complete all
to take an antihistamine. his orders. He
3. The patient needs an X-ray of his leg. needs to get
a lot of things
4. The patient would like to try acupuncture for done in a
pain in her back. short amount
of time,
and he feels
B Answers will vary, but may include the following: motivated to
work hard.
1. a painkiller
Ms. Krauss ✓ She waited
2. an antihistamine until the last
minute to
3. an antacid order the
copies.
4. eye drops
Mr. Li ✓ ✓ He waited until
5. cold tablets the last minute
to order the
sales binders.
C Answers will vary, but may include the following: /He wrote a
2. must be busy to-do list.
3. must be happy
4. must be in pain
LESSON 1: Offer a solution
D Accept answers with may or might: GRAMMAR
2. An acupuncturist may be able to / might be able
A Grammar practice
to help you.
1. get, to give
3. The hotel may be able to / might be able to
recommend a good dentist. 2. get, to buy
4. She may not be able to/ might not be able to 3. get, to pick up
come to the office before 6:00. 4. get, to make
5. You might be able to / may be able to buy an 5. get, to wash
antihistamine in the hotel gift shop.
6. get, to lend
B
1. Why don’t you have your assistant give them a
UNIT 3 ride to the meeting?
PREVIEW 2. I might be able to have my brother buy us
tickets to the game.
D Focus on language 3. Could you have your friends pick up some
1. it’s really urgent things for the party?
2. you’ve got a lot on your plate 4. You should have someone make hotel
reservations for us.
3. I know this is last minute
5. Why don’t you have your kids wash the dishes
4. No sweat
after dinner?
5. I owe you one / You’re a lifesaver
6. I’m sure you can have the restaurant lend you a tie.
6. I won’t keep you any longer

C Grammar practice LESSON 3: Evaluate the quality of service
The following words should be circled: READING
1. recommend A Infer point of view
2. to go 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b
3. find
B Activate language from a text
4. to clean
1. reasonable
5. bring
2. helpful
D Listen to activate grammar 3. professional
1. get, to go 4. reliable
2. get, to pay 5. workmanship
3. get, to sing
LESSON 4: Plan an event
4. get, to lend
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
5. get, to pick up
6. get, to take A Listen to confirm
The following choices should be checked:
LESSON 2: Discuss how long a service agendas
will take
announcements
GRAMMAR
hand-held mikes
A Find the grammar handouts
I need to have these documents copied a.s.a.p. lapel mikes
Well, I’m going through my to-do list, and I just podiums
realized I need to have fifty 30-page sales binders
made up for our meeting next week. projectors
signs
B Grammar practice
1. I’d like to make an appointment to have my B Listen for main ideas
teeth cleaned. 1. brothers, to send out the announcements
2. Could I have these two sweaters gift-wrapped? 2. some people, help put up the signs
3. Where can I have my car washed in this 3. colleagues, check the sound system
neighborhood? 4. set up the projectors
4. I need to have my luggage brought to my room. 5. set up each room, handouts
5. Yesterday he had his hair cut very short. 6. hand out, stand
6. We need to have these photos uploaded a.s.a.p.
REVIEW
VOCABULARY
A
C Listen to activate vocabulary and 1. to have her dress dry-cleaned by Friday
grammar
2. to have his pants shortened (by Wednesday)
1. pants lengthened
3. to have a sign printed (sooner than Thursday)
2. agenda copied / copies of the agenda made
4. to have a picture framed (by 4:00)
3. photo framed
4. sweater dry-cleaned
5. camera repaired
6. package picked up
7. menu printed

B LESSON 1: Recommend a book
1. Can I have my sweaters dry-cleaned by GRAMMAR
tomorrow?
A Grammar practice
2. I’d like to have this skirt lengthened.
I guess mysteries just aren’t my thing.
3. Where can I have these pants shortened?
I didn’t know he had a new book out.
4. Could you have this document copied for me?
Do you think I could borrow it when you’re done
5. Where did she have her painting framed? with it?
6. How much did he pay to have his camera
repaired? B Grammar practice
7. We’d like to have some handouts printed a.s.a.p. 1. I think that the author Paulo Coelho is
from Brazil.
8. Can I have this packaged delivered by Friday?
2. I believe that the novel Juliet takes place in Italy.
C Answers will vary, but may include the following: 3. I didn’t know that U.K. author J.K. Rowling
1. got, to bring the check wrote a new novel in 2014.
2. got, to let us leave early 4. Are you sure that Peruvian author Mario Vargas
Llosa wrote the novel The Feast of the Goat in 1998?
3. got, to go to the mall with them
5. Are you disappointed that U.S. author Stephen King
4. get, to make an appointment for you
has not won the Nobel Prize for Literature yet?
5. get, to explain the dosage
6. I’m happy that the Chinese author Mo Yan won
6. get, to come with me in 2012.
C Grammar practice
1. I think the author Paulo Coelho is from Brazil.
UNIT 4 2. I believe the novel Juliet takes place in Italy.
PREVIEW 3. I didn’t know U.K. author J.K. Rowling wrote a
new novel in 2014.
D Think and explain
4. Are you sure Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa
wrote the novel The Feast of the Goat in 1998?
Likes Doesn’t like
5. Are you disappointed U.S. author Stephen King
1 can’t get enough of 4 can’t seem to get into it has not won the Nobel Prize for Literature yet?
6. I’m happy the Chinese author Mo Yan won in 2012.
2 can’t put it down 5 just aren’t my thing
3 a real page-turner 6 put me to sleep LESSON 2: Ask about an article
GRAMMAR
E Paraphrase
A Find the grammar
I wonder if you could recommend something for me.
1. seen, met
If you can wait till the end of the week, I’d be
2. looking around / not looking for anything happy to lend it to you.
special
3. looking for and buying B Grammar practice
4. temporarily use / have it when you’re done 1. I wonder if her daughter likes to read.
with it 2. Could you tell me where you got that magazine?
5. give for a short time / for a while 3. I’d like to know if he’s a Bill Bryson fan.
4. I don’t understand why you don’t read
newspapers.

5. I forgot who told her about your article. LESSON 4: Discuss online reading
6. I can’t remember when I saw the new website. READING
LESSON 3: Describe your reading habits A Recognize points of view

BEFORE YOU LISTEN
B Pair work Positive aspects Negative aspects
Answers will vary, but may include the following: Online information is We are reading fewer books,
• listen to audio books. easier to read, free, and particularly non-fiction.
faster to access than
• listen to audio books, do puzzles, read [articles] traditional materials.
online, skim through [a newspaper], read We’re reading a lot more We don’t memorize—and
electronic books / read e-books. overall. therefore can’t recall—
• curl up with [a book], read aloud [to someone], information as easily.
listen to audio books, do puzzles Online reading helps Online information can
our brains cope with contain errors.
• read [articles] online, skim through [a newspaper] distractions and make
clear decisions.
LISTENING COMPREHENSION Most people think Internet Internet use has negatively
use has made us smarter. impacted our ability to
Listen to take notes
concentrate on a single task.
Some of the information
Betty Song • Taiwan online is “trash.”
1. novels, general fiction, short stories,
books written by Japanese authors B Understand meaning from context
translated into Chinese
2. when she has a bit of quiet time, 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. e 5. c
for example, in the morning, during
lunch, or at night in bed REVIEW
3. in bed, in a small room next to her
living room A
Explain your
Silvio Ferrante • Argentina
Type of book Likes it? answer
1. the newspaper, magazines,
1 mystery Y N He can’t wait to
historical novels
2. on weekends get to the ending;
3. in bed, in the garden, in the it’s a cliff-hanger.
bathroom 2 travel Y N He can’t get into
it; it’s not a fast
read.
3 romance Y N She can’t put it
down; it’s a page-
Melissa White • U.S.A. turner.
1. Internet/blogs, newspapers, 4 autobiography Y N She’s not really
best-sellers, romance novels
2. during breakfast, when she gets
into it.
back from work
3. on the sofa B
1. romance novel
2. biography
3. autobiography
4. thriller
5. non-fiction
6. science fiction

C Answers will vary, but may include the following: 3. a hurricane / typhoon
1. Do you know where the story takes place? 4. a tornado
2. I wonder who the main character in the novel is.
C Listen to confirm information
3. I can’t remember how much that newspaper was.
1. False. She said it hadn’t rained in three months.
4. Could you tell me how you say this in English?
2. False. He said the rain hadn’t stopped in a week.
5. I don’t know what this word means.
3. True.
4. False. He said the storm has done a lot of
damage.
UNIT 5 GRAMMAR
PREVIEW A Grammar practice
C FOCUS ON LANGUAGE 1. told
1. enormous, huge 2. told
2. casualties 3. had called
3. property damage 4. told
4. breaking news 5. was
6. said
LESSON 1: Convey a message
7. had to
GRAMMAR 8. said
A Grammar practice 9. was
2. Everyone is saying to get ready for a big storm. 10. said
3. The radio says to get supplies of food and water 11. had been
in case the roads are closed.
12. were
4. They told her not to be home too late this / that
13. says
afternoon.
14. feels
5. Maria always tells them not to leave their doors
open.
B Grammar practice
6. Carl told me to call him when I hear the news.
2. He also said (that) it had caused the destruction
of half the houses in the town.
B Pair work
3. My sister called and said (that) there was no
electricity because of the hurricane.
2. “Leave a window or door open when there’s
4. The newspaper said (that) there would be a
going to be a severe storm.”
typhoon in the next thirty-six hours.
3. “Read the emergency instructions in the
5. The paper said (that) the drought of 1999 had
newspaper.”
been the worst natural disaster of the twentieth
4. “Look for the story about me in the paper on century.
Tuesday.”
6. After the great snowstorm in 1888, a New York
5. “Pick up some food for me on the way home.” newspaper reported that the blizzard of ’88 had
6. “Don’t wait until the snow gets heavy.” caused more damage than any previous storm.
LESSON 2: Tell someone about the news LESSON 3: Describe natural disasters
VOCABULARY READING
B Listen to infer A Paraphrase
1. a drought Answers will vary, but may include the following:
2. a flood 1. strength

2. things B
3. reduce 1. a landslide
4. caused by 2. an epidemic
5. city 3. a hurricane / a typhoon
4. drought
B Confirm facts
5. a famine
1. The article said the deadliest earthquake in
history took place in China.
C
2. The article said (that) the highest Richter-scale
1. told
reading was recorded in the Pacific Ocean, near
the Chilean coastline. 2. said
3. The article said (that) if an earthquake strikes far 3. said
from population centers, it causes fewer deaths. 4. told
4. The article said (that) modern building
construction techniques and an earthquake that D
occurs during the day (when people are outdoors) 1. “I know the reason there is so much property
can lessen the destruction and economic impact. damage.”
LESSON 4: Prepare for an emergency 2. “Don’t tell the children about the storm.”
LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. “Fill up your cars with gas before the storm.”
4. “Was the epidemic severe?”
Answers will vary, but may include the following: E
The broadcaster is reporting a tropical storm, 1. Robert told Marie not to wait for the evacuation
called Maria, with high winds and heavy rain order.
coming tomorrow, October 12, between 9 and 11
2. Sylvia said she thought the earthquake had
a.m. Flooding is expected and an evacuation may
occurred during the night.
be necessary.
3. The emergency broadcast said to buy bottled
B Listen for details water before the hurricane.
Answers will vary, but may include the following: 4. They told Marlene to call them on Tuesday.
1. He said to turn your refrigerator and freezer to
very cold. UNIT 6
2. He said to put valuable papers on the highest PREVIEW
floor of your home.
3. He said to listen to the radio for the location of C Focus on language
shelters. 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. f 5. a 6. e
C Paraphrase LESSON 1: Explain a change of intentions

or plans
1. fill your car with gas now
2. bring it inside GRAMMAR
3. buy extra batteries Grammar practice
4. turn your refrigerator and freezer to very cold He said he was going to stop smoking. (He said he
and open only when necessary, and to get a would stop smoking.)
supply of non-perishable food and water She said she was going to apply to law school. (She
5. listen to the radio said she would apply to law school.)
She said she was going to find a husband. (She
REVIEW said she would find a husband.)
A The following lines should be checked: He said he was going to marry Sylvia. (He said he
1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 would marry Sylvia.)

VOCABULARY LESSON 4: Discuss factors that promote
success
B Vocabulary / grammar practice
Answers will vary, but may include the following: READING
1. Laura thought she would be a doctor, but she A Understand from context
changed her mind. Answers will vary, but may include the following:
2. I thought I would become an astronaut, but I a habit: something that you often do, usually
didn’t pass the exam. without thinking about it
3. We were sure Bill and Stella would get a divorce, a solution: a way to solve a problem
but their families talked them out of it.
volunteer: offer to do something.
4. Joe always believed he would become a writer,
prioritize: put your tasks in order of strategic
but it’s hard to make a living as a writer.
importance
C Listen to activate vocabulary B Confirm content
1. sculptor, it was impossible to make a living
1. Work habits.
2. marry, his parents convinced him not to do it
2. To show that they are keen learners and are not
3. lawyer, she couldn’t pass the entrance exam afraid of hard work.
4. marry, her tastes changed 3. Because if you are nice to people, they will go
out of their way to help you.
LESSON 2: Express regrets about past actions
4. You become more productive, and that
GRAMMAR increases your chance of career success.
A Grammar practice 5. You stay focused on your goals so you make
better decisions and get more things done.
1. must have been
6. People may think of you as a “complainer.”
2. should have studied, would have been
3. might have been REVIEW
4. should not have bought A
5. should not have broken up
Why did the person change Any regrets?
6. may have decided his or her mind?
1 Because his parents No
LESSON 3: Discuss skills, abilities, and convinced him it would be
qualifications hard to have a family.
2 Because she didn’t want to Yes
LISTENING COMPREHENSION cancel her trip to Canada.
3 She wasn’t getting paid
A Listen for details enough, and she likes law. No
2. d 4 His English wasn’t good
enough Yes
3. f
4. i
5. e
6. b
7. g
8. c
9. a

B Answers will vary, but may include the following: LESSON 1: Wish someone a good holiday
Occupation VOCABULARY
Qualification Definition or Study
1 athletic ability able to play sports professional tennis
C Listen to activate vocabulary
well player Type of
What people do to celebrate
2 artistic ability showing skill and painter holiday
imagination in art Mardi Gras religious wear costumes, dance in a huge parade,
3 mathematical showing skill with mathematician (U.S.) throw necklaces and candy to people
ability numbers Bastille Day historical dance in the streets, eat all kinds of foods,
4 logical thinking able to think philosophy professor (France) have military parades, set off fireworks
ability carefully, using Tsagaan Sar seasonal clean house, wear new clothes, make
formal methods (Mongolia) traditional food, give gifts, watch
5 a good memory able to recall scientist wrestling matches and horse races
information easily
6 leadership skills be good at leading a business
team, organization, management GRAMMAR
or country
A Understand the grammar
D Answers will vary, but may include the following: 2. Chuseok is a Korean seasonal holiday that
celebrates the yearly harvest.
2. They could have been happy together.
3. The woman who designed those amazing
3. They shouldn’t have sold it. costumes for the parade is really talented.
4. She might have taken a crash course. 4. The celebrations that take place in Brazil during
5. He must have had an accident. Carnaval are really wild!
5. People who remember April Fool’s Day every
April 1st have a lot of fun.
6. The Dragon Boat Festival in China is a
UNIT 7 holiday that takes place in May or June.
PREVIEW
LESSON 2: Ask about local customs
D Paraphrase GRAMMAR
A Understand the grammar
1. It happens / occurs in September or October.
2. On the Day of the Dead, Mexicans remember
2. We visit / gather with our relatives. family members who they have died.
They is not necessary because who is the subject of the clause.
3. The train stations are very crowded.
3. The tomatoes that people throw them at each
4. The traffic is very bad. other during La Tomatina in Buñol, Spain, make
5. It makes me remember / brings up memories of a terrible mess.
Eid al-Adha. Do not use an object pronoun after the verb.
4. The performer who sang that traditional holiday

^
song is world-famous.
You cannot omit the relative pronoun when it is the subject of the clause.
5. The fireworks people set them off during the

summer festivals in Japan are very beautiful.
Do not use an object pronoun after the verb.
B Grammar practice
2. you met yesterday
3. you saw in the parade
4. who visit other countries
5. people celebrate in Australia

LESSON 3: Exchange information about REVIEW
holidays
A
READING 1. a honeymoon; T
A Scan for facts 2. an engagement; T
3. a bride; F, “the bride” should be changed to a
On this holiday, people… Ramadan Chinese New Year Bolívar’s Birthday
give gifts. ¡ ¡✓ ¡
guest.
wear costumes. ¡ ¡✓ ¡
pray. ¡
✓ ¡ ¡ 4. relatives; T
wish each other well. ¡
✓ ¡
✓ ¡
get together with their families. ¡
✓ ¡
✓ ¡
perform traditional dances.
decorate their homes.
¡
¡
¡
✓
¡
✓
¡
¡
B
celebrate for several days. ¡
✓ ¡
✓ ¡
give away money. ¡
✓ ¡
✓ ¡ 1. set off fireworks
have parades. ¡ ¡
✓ ¡
✓
avoid eating during the day. ¡
✓ ¡ ¡ 2. march in parades
Which holiday is celebrated in more than one country?
¡✓ Ramadan ¡ Chinese New Year ¡
✓ Simón Bolívar’s Birthday 3. have picnics
4. spend time with their families
5. wear costumes
LESSON 4: Explain wedding traditions
6. give gifts
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
7. wish
The following sentence should be checked: C Answers will vary, but may include the following:
b There’s a lot of preparation before an Indian 2. Eid ul-Fitr is a religious holiday that lasts four days.
wedding. 3. A honeymoon is a vacation that people take
after they get married.
B Listen for details 4. A hanbok is a traditional dress that Korean
The following words should be circled: people wear during Chuseok.
1. five 5. A wedding reception is a party that people give
2. wedding after the wedding ceremony.
3. groom’s 6. Chuseok is a holiday that people celebrate in Korea.
4. groom
5. groom
6. bride’s UNIT 8
C Listen for main ideas PREVIEW
The following should be checked: C Paraphrase

a the wedding ceremony Answers will vary, but may include the following:
1. got a lot of mosquito bites
D Listen for details 2. bit us a lot
feet
1. Relatives wash the bride’s and groom’s hands. 3. a lot of
^ 4. have to use it even if you don’t like it
✓ 2. The bride is seated behind a cloth so the
groom cannot see her. 5. You may not want to use the insect repellent,
✓ 3. Relatives throw rice grains at the bride and but ...
groom. 6. won’t agree
✓ 4. The couple gives each other rings made of
flowers. D Think and explain
golden 1. itching
5.The groom places a flower necklace around
2. in the mountains
the bride’s neck.
3. through a hole in the screen

4. because it isn’t organic or natural 2. We couldn’t have had this digital video
5. mosquito nets to hang over the bed conference if an Internet connection hadn’t
been available.
LESSON 1: Describe technology 3. If our huge old camcorder hadn’t broken, we
VOCABULARY wouldn’t have bought this smaller one.
4. If she hadn’t taken her smart phone, she
B Listen to activate vocabulary wouldn’t have known they canceled her flight.
1. state-of-the-art 5. If they hadn’t had good weather, they couldn’t
2. high-end have landed in Alaska this morning.
3. cutting-edge 6. If the weather had been better, we would have
4. novel gone to the beach.
5. top-of-the-line PRONUNCIATION
GRAMMAR B Listening comprehension
A Understand the grammar 1. Where did they go?
The following statements should be checked: 2. Who did they talk to?
2. If you turned off your phone in the theater, it 3. When did you buy that car?
wouldn’t bother the other theatergoers. 4. If I had wanted that laptop, we would have
4. She would explain how to use the Digicon gotten it.
remote telephone if she were here. 5. If we had known we couldn’t use that scanner,
we wouldn’t have tried.
B Grammar practice 6. Why did they try to fix the coffeemaker?
1. were, would
LESSON 3: Describe new inventions
2. invented, would
3. knew, would BEFORE YOU LISTEN
4. would, broke B
A product
Definition Adjective
C or invention
1. Most people would buy high-end products if the only one of its unique Answers will
they had enough money. kind vary.
2. If there were an Internet connection in her pretty silly wacky Answers will
room, could she send her office the report now? vary.
3. I would not get a Lunetti phone if I had all the doesn’t use modern low-tech Answers will
money in the world. technology vary.
4. If you went to Airport Electronics, would you uses modern high-tech Answers will
pay a lot less for a top-of-the-line tablet? technology vary.
LESSON 2: Take responsibility for a mistake doesn’t waste time, efficient Answers will
money, or energy vary.
GRAMMAR
wastes time, money, inefficient Answers will
A Understand the grammar or energy vary.
1. a I went to class.
2. a We got lost. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
3. b They didn’t lose this year’s crop. A Listen to draw conclusions
4. a They canceled the flight. 4 – The Robo-Tiller
3 – The All-Body Umbrella
B Grammar practice
1 – The Pet Exit
1. What would you have done if you had missed
the train? 2 – The Vac-Bot
B Listen to summarize 3. If most people cared about the environment,
there wouldn’t be so much pollution.
4. Would new cars be less expensive if CEOs of car
1. The cats woke her up three times last night.
companies were paid less?
2. The floor is dirty, and they have one hour to
5. If Ella had known that being a teacher was so
clean up.
hard, she would have chosen a different career.
3. Cars splashed water on her skirt.
4. He has to get the soil ready for the tomatoes,
and he has a lot of work to do in the home.
LESSON 4: Discuss the impact of inventions/

UNIT 9
discoveries PREVIEW
READING D Paraphrase
A Find supporting details Answers will vary, but may include the following:
Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. I want to hear what’s going on with you.
1. They kill or stop bacteria from multiplying. 2. What have you been doing lately?
2. Because it’s caused by a virus. 3. Some people might be offended by that
question.
3. Because it’s caused by bacteria.
4. Don’t worry about it.
4. Overuse of antibiotics has caused bacteria
to become resistant, which can render the 5. To tell the truth, I haven’t decided.
antibiotic less effective or useless. In turn, 6. I’m considering voting for Clancy.
people may begin to die from those bacteria.
E Think and explain
B Understand from context
1. A vaccine
1. Because he is surprised to meet the person he
2. Bacteria had been meaning to call.
3. with a microscope 2. There’s been a lot of activity at his workplace
4. Penicillin lately.
5. upper respiratory 3. Because he is not sure it’s polite to ask political
6. resistance questions in the U.S.
4. Because they’re friends and he doesn’t want
REVIEW Carlo to offend anyone.
A
LESSON 1: Talk about politics
1. d 2. c 3. b 4. a
GRAMMAR
B The following statements should be checked: A Grammar practice
1. We didn’t bring it, and we got lost. The following words should be circled:
2. The salesclerk isn’t here, so she won’t explain 1. advice, is
how the Omni works.
2. Poverty, was
3. Ron didn’t bring the Ultraphone, so he hasn’t
3. health, education
sent those e-mails yet.
4. peace, work
C Answers will vary, but may include the following: 5. is
1. If the computer hadn’t been invented, I
wouldn’t have been able to book my vacation
online.
2. If I had to decide what the most important
scientific discovery in history was, I would say it
was penicillin.
B Grammar practice 3. We persuaded our friends to vote for our
information candidate.
Here’s some political informations about the 4. Our teacher always encourages students to
^
is study every night, not just the day before the
election. The good news are that both candidates exam.
^
have programs for the education. The liberal 5. Can’t we convince legislators to lower taxes on
help
candidate, Bill Slate, says financial helps for the property?
is ^ Poverty
schools are a question of the justice. The poverty LESSON 3: Propose solutions to global
^ ^ problems
has affected the quality of the schools, and
students from schools in poor areas don’t have a READING
success. Joanna Clark, the conservative candidate,
disagrees. She believes a progress has been made A Understand from context
by investing in the teacher education. Her 1. c
advice is
advices are to keep the old policy. “Creating better 2. b
^ 3. e
schools takes the time and a patience,” she says.
4. a
VOCABULARY 5. d
B Listen to infer and activate vocabulary 6. f
radical liberal moderate conservative reactionary
1 He’s B Activate language from a text
2 She’s
3 He’s The following words should be crossed out:
4 She’s
5 He’s 1. politics
2. racism
LESSON 2: Discuss controversial issues 3. discrimination
politely
4. domination
VOCABULARY
5. business
B Listen to activate vocabulary
LESSON 4: Debate the pros and cons of issues
The issues they discuss For Against
1 prohibiting smoking indoors LISTENING COMPREHENSION
2 compulsory military service Listen to summarize
3 raising the driving age Answers will vary, but may include the following:
4 lowering the voting age Dictatorship: In favor: effective, efficient, and
5 censorship of TV programs people live in peace; Against: morally wrong,
people have no rights
C Listen to infer
Democracy: In favor: people have the power to
C ListenThe issues they discuss
to infer For Against
vote for who they want; Against: a president who
1 prohibiting smoking indoors ✔ only has a small percentage of the votes
2 compulsory military service ✔
Monarchy: In favor: traditions and history; Against:
3 raising the driving age ✔ not the real government, costs a lot of money
4 lowering the voting age ✔
5 censorship of TV programs ✔ REVIEW
A
GRAMMAR 1. ethnic groups
A Grammar practice 2. Sorindians
2. Did you remind your daughter to complete her 3. ethnic discrimination
voter registration card?

4. terrorism
5. city from the countryside
LESSON 1: Describe a geographical location
6. corruption
GRAMMAR
B A Grammar practice
Many candidates running for election make 1. on, of
promises about education. But progress comes
slowly, and information is hard to get. Voters 2. in, of
would like to see proof that their advice is being 3. on, of
followed. For instance, we are just now receiving 4. of
news of education statistics and it’s not very good.
Help is needed, and time is necessary to improve 5. of
our schools. 6. on
7. on
C
8. to, of
1. b
2. b LESSON 2: Warn about a possible risk
3. b VOCABULARY
4. a B Listen to infer
1. risky
2. risky
UNIT 10 3. not risky
4. risky
PREVIEW
B C Listen to activate vocabulary
1. Nicaragua and Panama 1. really slippery, mosquitos
2. Central Volcanic Range 2. bears, quite exhausting
3. La Amistad 3. scorpions, jellyfish
4. Lake Arenal 4. really steep, snakes
5. Approximately 80 km / 48 miles GRAMMAR
6. The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
Grammar practice
D Focus on language 1. It’s too dangerous for you to go to that
neighborhood alone.
2. The pyramid at Teotihuacán is too steep for
1. No, I haven’t.
older tourists to climb.
2. Really?
3. It’s too late for your friends to catch the last train
3. Was it worth the trouble of visiting? to the capital.
4. You should go. 4. The path is too rocky for your children to walk
5. … go slowly / take your time on safely.
6. Can I do that in two days? 5. It’s really too hot for us to go hiking to the
waterfall today.
7. I’m sure you can do them both.
6. Don’t you think this map is too confusing for
them to understand?

LESSON 3: Describe a natural setting C
LISTENING COMPREHENSION 1. on, of
A Listen for main ideas 2. is south of
1. c. Canada 3. is southeast of
2. a. a park 4. is, 33 km / 21 miles
3. c. go hiking 5. are on, east/eastern
4. d. mountainous
GRAMMAR BOOSTER
B Listen for details
1. forests UNIT 1
2. lake Lesson 1
3. waterfalls Throughout the Grammar Booster, accept full or
4. hotel contracted forms for answers.
5. views A
6. air 1. A: wouldn’t
7. path B: she would
8. glacier
2. A: isn’t
LESSON 4: Discuss solutions to global B: it isn’t
warming 3. A: didn’t
READING B: we did
A Understand from context 4. A: aren’t
Answers will vary, but may include the following: B: they aren’t
1. oil, coal, natural gas 5. A: were there
2. negative changes to the environment resulting B: there weren’t
from climate change
6. A: do
3. filled
B: I don’t
4. make smaller in amount
7. A: is
5. limiting
6. an increase B: there isn’t
8. A: isn’t it
REVIEW
B: it is
A 9. A: can’t
1. a canyon; no B: you can
2. a waterfall; yes
10. A: isn’t it
3. an island; yes
B: it isn’t
4. a valley; no
B
B Answers will vary, but may include the following:
isn’t
1. is too rocky 2. It’s only a six-month course, is it?
^
2. are too slippery to he
3. It’s too dark to 3. Clark met his wife on a rafting trip, didn’t Clark?
^
4. It’s too dangerous to didn’t
4. Marian made three trips to Japan last year, hasn’t
she? ^

5. There were a lot of English-speaking people B
weren’t there 1. have been coming
on the tour, wasn’t it?
^ 2. has been playing
6. The students don’t know anything about
3. has been waiting
do
that, don’t they? 4. have been worrying about
^
7. There isn’t any problem with my student visa, 5. has been talking about
is
isn’t there? C
^
8. It’s always interesting to travel with people been waiting
isn’t it ✔ 2 We have waited to see them for six months.

from other countries, aren’t they? ^
been eating
^
9. With English, you can travel to most parts of ✔ 5 We have eaten at that old Peruvian restaurant
can’t
for years. ^
the world, can you? been studying
^
aren’t ✔ 7 How long have they studied Arabic?
10. I’m next, don’t I? ^
^
Lesson 2 GRAMMAR BOOSTER
A UNIT 2
‘m talking Lesson 1
1. I talk on the phone with my fiancé right now.
^ 1. He probably / most likely has a terrible cold.
She avoids OR Probably / Most likely he has a terrible
2. She’s usually avoiding sweets.
^ ^ cold.
‘re eating
3. They eat dinner now and can’t talk on the 2. She’s probably / most likely feeling very
^ nauseous. OR Probably / Most likely she’s
phone. feeling very nauseous.
I go
3. They probably / most likely don’t like going
4. Every Friday I’m going to the gym at 7:00.
^ to the dentist. OR Probably / Most likely they
wants don’t like going to the dentist.
5. Burt is wanting to go home early.
^ 4. The dentist probably / most likely isn’t in her
‘re all studying
6. Today we all study in the library. office today. OR Probably / Most likely the
^ dentist isn’t in her office today.
leaves
7. The train is never leaving before 8:00. 5. Acupuncture is probably / most likely very
^ popular in Asia. OR Probably / Most likely
freezes
8. Water is freezing when the temperature goes acupuncture is very popular in Asia.
down. ^
6. A conventional doctor probably / most likely
We like has to study for a long time. OR Probably /
9. We’re liking coffee. Most likely a conventional doctor has to study
^ for a long time.
I stay
10. On most days I’m staying home.
^ Lesson 2
1. Maybe his doctor uses herbal therapy. OR
Maybe his doctor will use herbal therapy.
2. Maybe conventional medicine is the best
choice.

3. Maybe the doctor wants to take a blood test. Lesson 2
OR Maybe the doctor will want to take a
blood test. Answers will vary, but may include the following:
4. Maybe she prefers to wait until tomorrow. 1. You should have / get that picture framed by
Lydia at Austin Custom Framing.
5. Maybe they’re afraid to see a dentist.
2. You should have / get your hair cut at the Curl
Up Hair Salon.
GRAMMAR BOOSTER 3. You should have / get your photos printed at
the mall.
UNIT 3
4. You should have / get a suit made by Luigi at
Lesson 1 Top Notch Tailors.
A 5. You should have / get your sweaters dry-
cleaned at Midtown Dry Cleaners.
1. Nick’s mother made him apologize
2. Are you going to make your friends tell
GRAMMAR BOOSTER
3. Our teacher might make us turn off
4. Should we make your sister pay UNIT 4
5. No one can make Gail come Lesson 1
6. they will make your husband wear Answers will vary, but may include the following:
7. Can we make the theater give 1. (that) I would be tall one day.
B 2. (that) I would go back to school.
1. Don’t let your younger brother open the oven 3. (that) I can play the piano pretty well.
door. 4. (that) you returned my book.
2. You should let your little sister go to the store 5. (that) I had a doctor’s appointment.
with you.
6. (that) they were planning a trip.
3. We don’t let our daughter eat a lot of candy.
7. (that) we go on an exciting vacation.
4. I wouldn’t let my youngest son go to the mall
8. (that) I enjoy learning new languages.
alone.
9. (that) I liked to cook.
5. Will you let your children see that movie?
10. (that) I used to ride horses.
6. You should let them make their own decision.
11. (that) I won’t find a good job.
7. We always let him stay out late.
12. (that) I was traveling to the moon.
C
Lesson 2
1. Janet called her mother.
Janet’s mother called the train station.
A
1. I can’t remember whether there’s a test today.
2. Mark’s friends helped Mark.
2. We’re not sure whether the restaurant is still
Mark helped his friends.
open at 10:00 p.m.
3. My father signed the check.
3. Could you tell me whether the movie has
My father’s boss signed the check. started yet?
4. They opened the bank. 4. I wonder whether this hotel has 24-hour
Mr. Gates opened the bank. room service.

5. Would she like to know whether there’s an GRAMMAR BOOSTER
express train?
6. Do you know whether this book has a happy
UNIT 5
ending? Lesson 1
B A
1. Please let me know when the movie starts. 1. Martin told me, “Don’t get a flu shot.”
2. I wonder where the subway station is. 2. My daughter said, “Please pick me up after
school.”
3. Can you tell me how you know that?
3. The English teacher said, “Read the
4. We’re not sure what we should bring for newspaper tonight and bring in a story about
dinner. the weather.”
5. They’d like to understand why Pat doesn’t 4. We said, “Please don’t forget to listen to the
want to come to the meeting. news.”
6. Please tell the class who painted this picture. 5. They said, “Don’t buy milk.”
C 6. We told them, “Please call us in the morning.”

Answers will vary, but may include the following: 7. She said, “Please tell your parents I’m sorry I
can’t talk right now.”
1. Would you mind telling me what time the
concert starts?
B
2. Could you explain how this new e-reader
1. The sign downtown said, “Pack emergency
works?
supplies before the storm.”
3. Do you know why the express train is late?
2. Your daughter told me, “Turn on the radio
4. Can you tell me where the nearest bathroom is? and listen to the news about the flood.”
5. I wonder who speaks English at that hotel. 3. Your parents said, “Don’t call us before 9 A.M.”
6. I’m not sure when Flight 18 arrives from Paris. 4. Mr. Rossi phoned to tell me, “Don’t go
downtown this afternoon.”
D
Lesson 2
if / whether goes
1. Could you please tell me does this train go to 1. Last Friday my husband said he was going to
? ^ ^ pick up some things at the pharmacy before
Nagoya.
^ the storm.
if / whether
2. I was wondering can I can get your phone 2. My next-door neighbors said they are going
^ ^ to Spain on vacation this year.
.
number?. 3. She told them this year’s flu shot is not
^ entirely protective against the flu.
3. I’d like to know what time does the next bus
arrives? 4. He just said the danger of a flood is over.
^
4. Can you tell me how much does this 5. We always say it’s easier to take the train than
? drive.
magazine costs.
^ 6. When I was a child, my parents told me it’s
5. Do you remember where did he used to live? really important to get a good education.
^
6. I’m not sure why do they keep calling me. 7. The National Weather Service is saying that
if / whether . tonight’s weather is terrible.
7. I wonder will she will come on time? .
^ ^ ^ 8. Your parents just told me they want to leave
for the shelter immediately.

GRAMMAR BOOSTER 2. We have a meeting that begins at 9:30 every
morning.
UNIT 6 3. The celebration that takes place in spring is
Lesson 1 exciting.
4. The teacher who teaches the grammar class is
A
not very formal.
The following sentences should be checked:
5. Patients who want to avoid strong
3. You should call me tomorrow. medications might prefer homeopathy.
4. He might have time to see you later. 6. The copy shop that offers express service is
5. My parents are arriving at 10:00. closed on weekends.
6. I’m taking my daughter out for dinner 7. The hotel that has three swimming pools is
tonight. very expensive.
9. We may stay another week in Paris. 8. Do you like the teacher who teaches
advanced English?
B
B
1. A: ‘m going to leave
1. themselves
B: ‘ll meet
2. himself
2. B: ‘re going to have
3. myself
3. B: ‘m going to see
4. myself
4. B: ‘ll come
5. herself
5. B: ‘ll show
6. myself
Lesson 2 7. himself
A
C
1. Should you have studied Swahili?
1. teach himself
2. I ought to have gone to New Zealand instead
of Australia. 2. hurt herself
3. Should you have taken the job at the embassy? 3. enjoy yourself
4. I shouldn’t have studied law. D

B 1. by themselves
2. Lauren wishes she hadn’t bought that car. 2. by himself
3. Carl’s wife wishes Carl hadn’t bought a 3. by yourself

convertible. 4. by ourselves
4. Ms. Baker wishes the students had studied
more for the exam. E
1. On New Year’s Eve in New York City, people
wait in Times Square for midnight to come
GRAMMAR BOOSTER
so they can kiss each other / one another and
wish each other / one another a happy new
UNIT 7 year.
Lesson 1 2. During the Thai holiday Songkran, people
throw water at each other / one another on
A the street.
1. My cousin who lives in New Zealand called
today.

3. During the Tomato Festival in Buñol, Spain, 10. He won’t eat at that restaurant if they tell him
people have a lot of fun throwing tomatoes at he has to wear formal clothes. / He wouldn’t
each other / one another for about two hours. eat at that restaurant if they told him he had
to wear formal clothes.
4. After a day of fasting during Ramadan,
Muslims around the world invite each other /
one another home to have something to eat B
that evening. 1. would write
2. had spent
Lesson 2
3. were
1. who
4. had been
2. whom
5. had known
3. who
6. would become
4. whom
7. had
5. whom
8. had studied
6. whom
9. would go
7. whom
8. who C
9. whom 1. Unless you are in a hurry, you should walk.
2. Unless you care about special features, you
GRAMMAR BOOSTER shouldn’t consider getting the top-of-the-line
model.
UNIT 8 3. She won’t go running in the park unless her
friends go with her.
Lesson 1
4. Claire won’t buy a car unless it has a high-
A tech sound system.
1. If you take a good picture, it can preserve
memories of times you might forget. Lesson 2
2. If I were you, I would send them an e-mail Answers will vary, but may include the following:
right away. 1. If I were elected ruler of a country, ... I would
3. If you go out today, you’ll need an umbrella. raise taxes.
4. Most people would eat healthy food if they 2. The car would have been invented earlier if ...
understood the consequences of eating too people had had more free time.
much junk food. 3. If I were looking for a high-tech smart phone,
5. These speakers will be OK if you use them in a ... I would buy one online.
smaller room. / These speakers would be OK 4. If this laptop had been available when I was
if you used them in a smaller room. looking for one, ... I would have bought it.
6. If the weather gets better, I’ll go for a swim. 5. If I didn’t want to travel, ... I wouldn’t be
/ If the weather would get better, I’d go for a studying English now.
swim.
6. If I were going to take a commercial space
7. If I have a chance, I will work shorter hours. / flight today,... I would be very excited.
If I had a chance, I would work shorter hours.
8. Would you ride a bicycle to work if your car
broke down?
9. What would you do if I asked you to make
dinner?

GRAMMAR BOOSTER 9. to have
UNIT 9 10. reading

11. to join
Lesson 1
12. to not do / not doing
1. progress
2. importance GRAMMAR BOOSTER
3. radicals
4. Peace
UNIT 10
5. Moderates Lesson 1
6. a reactionary A
7. advice 1. on
8. work 2. in
9. governments 3. on
10. poverty 4. in
5. on
Lesson 2
6. on
A
7. on
8. of
1. a Voting is a right people have in democratic
countries. 9. in, of
b He felt like voting for the radical candidate. 10. on
2. a She quit smoking last month. 11. of
b I look forward to smoking a cigarette. 12. in
3. a She is in favor of censoring books.
B
b His occupation is censoring movies.
1. My cousins are studying French.
4. a To permit eighteen-year-olds to vote
2. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is in northern Italy.
wouldn’t be a wise decision.
3. It’s on the southern coast of Australia.
b They don’t want to permit that kind of
behavior. 4. I visit the City Museum of Art every Saturday.
5. a They need to lower the driving age. 5. My uncle Jack works for the United Nations.
b To lower the amount of fat in your diet is 6. The Channel Tunnel between England and
an excellent idea. France was completed in 1994.
7. She graduated from the University of
B Washington.
1. to make 8. We liked the movie about the Great Wall of
2. to start China.
3. complaining 9. My son is in the College of Sciences.
4. to do / doing 10. His father speaks Korean and Japanese
fluently.
5. to watch / watching
11. Their grandson was born last March.
6. to say / saying
7. doing
8. wasting

C B
1. When she went to the Malaysia, she brought Answers will vary, but may include the following:
her husband with her. 1. My sister is too young to vote.
the 2. They’re too sick to come with us.
2. A lot of people from United States teach
English here.
ˆ 3. This smart phone is too expensive to buy.
the 4. It’s too early to eat lunch.
3. The Haiti is the closest neighbor to Dominican
Republic. ˆ 5. The meeting is too important to miss.
4. When we arrived in the Berlin, I was very

excited. 1. The volume is not loud enough to hear.
the 2. She’s not old enough to watch that movie.
5. The Jordan is a country in Middle East.
ˆ 3. That costume is not scary enough to wear on
the Halloween.
6. I introduced our visitors to University of
Riyadh. ˆ 4. The table is not long enough to seat so many
people.
the
7. I lived in People’s Republic of China for about 5. The fence is not high enough to block the
ˆ view.
two years.
the
8. Mr. Yan is a student at College of Arts and WRITING BOOSTER
Sciences. ˆ
the UNIT 1
9. She is the director of English Language A
Institute. ˆ
Glenn, it was nice to see u yesterday at the
the meeting. I was wondering if we could continue the
10. She’s the most famous actress in Netherlands. meeting sometime next week. Maybe on Tuesday
the ˆ at your place? There’s still a lot we need 2 discus.
11. He’s interested in cultures in Far East. I know you love long meetings LMK if u wanna
ˆ change the time.
12. The Poland was one of the first countries in
the Eastern Europe to change to democracy.
The following explain the reasons:
Lesson 2
Use “Dear” and “first name” and a colon: “Dear
A Glenn:”
Answers will vary, but may include the following: Don’t use abbreviations: “you”
1. He’s tall enough to reach the shelf. Don’t write sentence fragments.
2. He isn’t strong enough to lift that box by Don’t use informal language: “in your office”
himself. Don’t use numbers to replace words: “to”
3. She’s thirsty enough to drink three glasses of Don’t make spelling errors: “discuss”
water. Use a period at the end of sentences. “I know you
4. She isn’t hungry enough to eat now. love long meetings.”
5. The movie was interesting enough to keep Don’t use abbreviations or informal language: “Let
me awake. me know if you want to change the time.”
6. The movie wasn’t exciting enough to see Use a complimentary close and end with your
again. name.

WRITING BOOSTER 2. In my opinion, extroverts aren’t better
people than introverts, but they are probably
UNIT 2 friendlier and more fun to be with.
A 3. I believe it’s OK to wear casual clothes in an

office as long as you look clean and neat.
1. There’s nothing scarier than having a
toothache while traveling. Likewise, feeling B
short of breath while on the road can be a
frightening experience. Answers will vary, but may include the following:
2. Both painkillers and antihistamines can be 1. For example, I always make to-do lists on my
bought without a prescription. calendar.
3. A broken tooth requires a visit to the dentist 2. Whenever they have a lot of things to do, they
and a lost filling does, too. do the easiest things first.
4. You may have to wait for the results of an 3. When I get a bill, I put it on a shelf, and I
X-ray. Similarly, the results of a blood test may often forget about it.
not be ready for several days. 4. I’ve never had a hard time doing things on
5. An X-ray doesn’t take much time to do, and a time, such as paying bills or calling people on
blood test doesn’t either. their birthdays.
B WRITING BOOSTER
UNIT 4
1. If you feel pain in your back, you can try
taking a painkiller. On the other hand, if you
B Answers will vary, but may include the
have pain in your chest, you should see a
following.
doctor.
Thirty years ago, most people Many employees welcomed
2. While homeopathy is fairly common in
in the United States, Canada, and the new dress policy and the more
Europe, it is not as popular in the United Europe didn’t think about what comfortable work environment that
States. to wear to work in an office. Men came with it. Etiquette had definitely
always wore suits and ties. Women changed, and suits and ties were
3. Unlike other types of treatments, spiritual wore suits or conservative skirt rarely seen in many offices. Some
healing uses the mind or religious faith to outfits. But in the 1990s, that started employees went as far as wearing
to change. jeans, T-shirts, and sneakers to the
treat illnesses. office.
It began with “casual Fridays.”
4. Conventional medicine and acupuncture During the summer, some companies Then some people began to
invited their employees to “dress change their minds about casual
have been used for thousands of years
down,” or wear more casual clothes dress at work. Many managers
whereas homeopathy was only introduced in to work on Fridays. The policy felt that casual dress had led to
the late eighteenth century. quickly became popular with casual attitudes toward work. Now
employees. After this, it didn’t take the etiquette for dress in many
5. Many people choose conventional medicine long for employees to start dressing companies is beginning to change
first when they need medical help. However, more casually every day of the week. back again.
about 80% of the world’s population uses

some form of herbal therapy for their regular
health care.
WRITING BOOSTER
WRITING BOOSTER
UNIT 5
UNIT 3 A
A
Here are some things not to forget when preparing
Answers will vary, but may include the following: for an emergency. First, / First and most important,
1. From my point of view, children should study call your relatives who live in other places, telling
the arts in school because it gives them the them where you are so they don’t worry. Second,
chance to express themselves freely. / Next, / Following that, have a discussion with all

family members about the importance of listening presentation and avoid distracting transitions.
to emergency broadcasts. Next, / Following that, When presenting from a PowerPoint or Keynote
keep a supply of blankets and warm jackets in case presentation, look at your computer screen or
of power outages or flooding. Last, / Finally, be handheld notes, not the screen the audience is
sure to follow all emergency instructions carefully: looking at—to do that you would have to turn away
Your life and the life of your family could depend from your audience and you would lose contact
on it. with the people you are presenting to.
WRITING BOOSTER Your summary statement:

There are a number of do’s and don’ts you should
UNIT 6 consider when preparing a PowerPoint or Keynote
A presentation. Bearing them in mind will help you
Answers will vary, but may include the following: make your presentation more successful.
Becoming a Painter / Life in Paris
Hard Times / Life in Arles WRITING BOOSTER
A Sad Ending
UNIT 9
WRITING BOOSTER A
UNIT 7 Main idea: Some arguments for requiring helmet
laws
A Main idea: Some arguments against compulsory
helmet-use laws
Answers will vary.
WRITING BOOSTER
WRITING BOOSTER
UNIT 8 UNIT 10
A A
There are a number of excellent presentation
graphics technologies available today. Two well- 1. In the middle of the country is the city of
known ones are Microsoft Office’s PowerPoint™ Cobán.
and Macintosh’s Keynote™. No matter which 2. To the north of Anchorage is Denali National
technology you use, here are some do’s and don’ts Park.
that will make your presentation more successful.
3. Along the coast are the cities of Sydney and
First, the do’s: Keep your slides concise. Keep the
Canberra.
amount of text to a minimum because it’s hard for
the audience to focus on your main points if there’s 4. To the north of Guatemala is Mexico.
too much text. Use large letters (from 18 to 48 5. In the center of the country is the city of Alice
points) and simple, easy-to-read fonts. Use bullets Springs.
to separate items in a list. Use just a few colors and
keep that color scheme consistent throughout the 6. East of Glacier Bay National Park is the city of
presentation. If you project your slides in a bright Juneau.
room, light-colored text on dark backgrounds will
be easiest to read.
What should a presenter avoid? Don’t use
all capital letters. They are hard to read. Never
use dark letters on a dark background. The
presentation will be hard to see. Don’t use sound
effects that are unrelated to the meaning of your


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GRAMMAR READINESS SELF-CHECK Gerunds and infinitives

1. London is just as exciting as Rome. / Rome is just Use to / Used to

Top Notch 3, Third Edition 1

B Grammar practice 3. offensive

1. isn’t he 4. table manners

4. will she 7. impolite

5. have we 8. cultural literacy

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READING 3. have they

B Understand from context

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GRAMMAR LESSON 4: Talk about medications

medications treatments symptoms remedies Mark Goh

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LESSON 3: Describe your reading habits A Recognize points of view

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C Paraphrase LESSON 1: Explain a change of intentions

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Top Notch 3, Third Edition 11

4. The performer who sang that traditional holiday

5. The fireworks people set them off during the

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The following should be checked: C Paraphrase

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LESSON 4: Discuss the impact of inventions/

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isn’t it ✔ 2 We have waited to see them for six months.

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B 2. (that) I would go back to school.

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C 6. We told them, “Please call us in the morning.”

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4. I shouldn’t have studied law. D

2. Lauren wishes she hadn’t bought that car. 2. by himself

3. Carl’s wife wishes Carl hadn’t bought a 3. by yourself

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UNIT 9 10. reading

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4. When we arrived in the Berlin, I was very

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A 3. I believe it’s OK to wear casual clothes in an

about 80% of the world’s population uses

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WRITING BOOSTER Your summary statement:

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