1.The Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary (GSWS) is located in which state?

[A] Uttrakhand
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Gujarat
[D] Chhattisgarh
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Tamil Nadu]
Notes:
The Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary (GSWS) is located in Virudhunagar and
Madurai districts of Tamil Nadu and covers an area 485.2 sq Kms. Over 240+ species
of birds are seen in this sanctuary including 14 species of birds endemic to the Western
Ghats, such as the critically endangered Oriental white-backed vulture and the
long-billed vulture. In addition to grizzled giant squirrels, the sanctuary is home to
numerous animals such as barking deer, bonnet macaque, common langur, elephants,
flying squirrels, gaur, Indian giant squirrel, leopard, lion-tailed macaques, mouse deer,
Nilgiri langur and Nilgiri Tahrs. There are over 220 species of butterflies including many
rare and endemic species. Some of the rare butterflies spotted here include Eversheds
ace , Silver royal , Orange awlet , Hampsons hedge blue , etc.

2.The Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) is located in which state?

[A] Odisha
[B] Kerala
[C] Tripura
[D] Manipur
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Tripura]
Notes:
The Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) is located in Bishalgarh, Tripura and covers
an area of 18.53 square kilometres. It is famous for its clouded leopard enclosures. It is
woodland with an artificial lake and natural botanical and zoological gardens. It gives
shelter to about 150 species of birds and the unique bespectacled monkey, Phayre’s
langur. The sanctuary has been developed both as a wildlife sanctuary and as an
academic and research centre.

3.The Ratapani Tiger Reserve (RTS) is located in which state?

[A] Madhya Pradesh
[B] Sikkim
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Karnataka
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [Madhya Pradesh]
Notes:
The Ratapani Tiger Reserve (RTS) is located in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh
and is spread around 823.84 sq. km. Some precipitous hills have cliffs; have large rock
blocks and talus at the base. This unique feature provides shelter to various animals like
vultures, reptiles and small mammals. The forest of Ratapani is dry deciduous and
moist deciduous type, with teak as the main tree species. It is home to tiger, panther,
wild dogs, hyena, jackal, fox, chital, sambhar, blue bull, four horned antelope, languor,
rhesus monkey, etc.

4.The Mathikettan Shola National Park (MSNS) is located in which state?

[A] Karnataka
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Odisha
[D] Kerala
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [Kerala ]
Notes:
The Mathikettan Shola National Park (MSNS) is located in Poopara village of
Udumbanchola taluk in Idukki district of Kerala and covers an area of 12.82 square
kilometres. It is notified as a national park to protect the wildlife and rich biodiversity of
the area. It is home to beautiful and rare animals like panthers, wild elephants, spotted
deer, Nilgiri tahrs and giant grizzled squirrels, etc. Among reptiles, species like rat
snakes, crocodiles, vipers, cobras, turtles, lizards and pythons inhabit the park.

5.The Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) is located in which state?

[A] Odisha
[B] Assam
[C] Manipur
[D] West Bengal
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [West Bengal ]
Notes:
The Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) is located inside the Buxa National Park in Alipurduar
district of West Bengal and covers an area of 760-square-kilometre. It is home to tiger,
civet, elephant, gaur (Indian bison), Indian boar, red jungle fowl, etc. The Endangered
species found in the reserve are Indian tiger, Asian elephant, leopard cat, Bengal
florican, regal python, Chinese pangolin, hispid hare, etc.

6.The Gajner Wildlife Sanctuary (GWS) is located in which state?

[A] Gujarat
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Rajasthan]
Notes:
The Gajner Wildlife Sanctuary (GWS) is located at a distance of about 32.0 km from
Bikaner in Rajasthan. There is a lake in this sanctuary and a variety of animals come
here to quench their thirst in summer. It is a lush green forest which is a haven to the
nilgai, chinkara, black buck, wild boar, flocks of imperial sand grouse and many other
species of migratory birds that make the sprawling forest their winter home. This is one
of the proposed forests for the reintroduction of cheetahs in India.

7.The Chandoli National Park (CNP) is located in which state/UT?

[A] Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Puducherry
[D] Maharashtra
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [Maharashtra]
Notes:
The Chandoli National Park (CNP) is a natural World Heritage Site and is spread over
Satara, Kolhapur and Sangli Districts of Maharashtra. It covers an area of 317.67
square kilometres. The historical places of the park include the 17th century Shivaji’s
Forts, Prachitgad and Bhairavgad, of the Maratha kings Shivaji and his son Sambhaji. It
is home to Bengal tigers, Indian leopards, Indian bison, leopard cats, sloth bears, etc.
8.The Bhitarkanika National Park (BNP) is in news recently due to rise in mammal
population. It is located in which district of Odisha?
[A] Kendrapara district
[B] Khordha district
[C] Sundergarh district
[D] Puri district
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [Kendrapara district]
Notes:
The Bhitarkanika National Park (BNP) is located in Kendrapara district of Odisha and is
spread over 672 square kilometers. It is in news recently because the national park has
registered an impressive rise in mammal population due to adequate conservation
measures and vigil by anti-poaching squad of the forest department. According to the
latest head count report released by the forest department, the enumerators spotted
7,129 mammals of 14 species in Kendrapara district while the figure stood at 6,122 in
2016. According to wildlife staff, there are couple of factors are contributing to the rising
graph. First, the rich and lush-green mangrove forest has turned out to be an ideal
habitat for hyenas, boars and deer. Besides, lack of human interference in their
habitation corridors has also emerged favourable. There is also imbalance in
predator-prey base in Bhitarkanika. Unlike the Sundarbans, Bhitarkanika mangroves are
devoid of tigers.

9.The number of which among the following would be maximum in a Food Chain?
[A] Producers
[B] Primary Consumers
 [C] Secondary Consumers
[D] Decomposers
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [Decomposers]
Notes:
Transfer of food from the plants (producers) through a series of organisms with
repeated eating and being eaten is called a food chain. A food chain consists of
1. Producers or Autotrophs
2. Primary consumers or Herbivores
3. Secondary consumers or Carnivores
4. Decomposers
Decomposers make up the final trophic level in a food chain. Decomposers are the
organisms that feed on dead organic matter called detritus of all the trophic levels and
help in recycling the nutrients. Examples of decomposers are bacteria, fungi, mites,
millipedes, earthworms, nematodes, slugs, crabs and molluscs.
10.Lion-tailed macaque is found in __:
[A] Eastern Ghats
[B] Western Ghats
[C] East Himalayas
[D] West Himalayas
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [ Western Ghats]
Notes:
The lion-tailed macaque or the wanderoo, is an Old World monkey endemic to the
Western Ghats of South India. The lion-tailed macaque ranks among the rarest and
most threatened primates. Their range has become increasingly isolated and
fragmented by the spread of agriculture and tea, coffee, teak and cinchona, construction
of water reservoirs for irrigation and power generation, and human settlements to
support such activities.

11.Which among the following is not correctly matched?

[A] Bhitarkanika National Park – Orissa
[B] Gugamal National Park – Rajasthan
[C] Mollem National Park – Goa
[D] All are correct
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Gugamal National Park – Rajasthan]
Notes:
Gugamal National Park in in Maharastra

12.Which among the following is commonly found in Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar,
Andaman & Nicobar islands, & Lakshadweep?
[A] Marshy areas
[B] Coral Reefs
[C] Deep water Marine Ecosystems
[D] Mangrove vegetation
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Coral Reefs]
Notes:
A coral reef is a type of underwater ecosystem which is characterized by reef-building
corals, formed of colonies of coral polyps by calcium carbonate. Coral reefs in India are
found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, Lakshadweep,
Netrani Island and some areas of Gulf of Khambat.
13.World Conservation Monitoring Centre, a biodiversity information and assessment
arm of the United Nations Environment Programme is located at ?
[A] Cambridge
[B] New York
[C] Geneva
[D] Paris
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [Cambridge]
Notes:
The United Nation Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre is
an executive agency of UN Environment Programme, which is based in Cambridge
(UK). It was previously managed by IUCN, UN Environment Programme and WWF.

14.At which among the following places first governmental meeting on tiger
conservation was held in 2009?
[A] Kua Lalumpur
[B] Katmandu
[C] Colombo
[D] Bangkok
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Katmandu]
Notes:
India’s project tiger was launched in 1973. The first governmental meeting on tiger
conservation was held in Kathmandu, Nepal in October 2009. This meeting had
recommended a series of 15 global actions that need to be taken to change the
trajectory of tigers from extinction to recovery, as well as commitments from several
tiger range countries. Later, first Asian ministerial conference on tiger conservation was
held in Hua Hin, Thailand in January 2010. This conference adopted the goal of
doubling the number of tigers by 2022.

15.Which among the following ministry gives Medini Puraskar every year?
[A] Ministry of Culture
[B] Ministry of Environment and Forests
[C] Ministry of Law
[D] Ministry of Financ
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Ministry of Environment and Forests]
Notes:
The Medini Puraskar award was instituted in 1987 by the Ministry of Environment and
Forests. Its objective is to promote Hindi books writing on Environment and related
subjects like forests, wild life, and pollution and water resources.
16.Ozone layer lies in:
[A] Troposphere
[B] Tropopause
[C] Stratosphere
[D] Photosphere
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Stratosphere]
Notes:
The ozone layer lies in the region of Earth’s stratosphere. It absorbs most of the Sun’s
ultraviolet radiation (97 to 99 % of the Sun’s medium-frequency). The layer contains
less than 10 parts per million of ozone. Chlorofluorocarbon is mainly responsible for the
depletion of ozone layer.

17.Recently, the “Blue Baby Syndrome” or “methemoglobinemia” has been making

news as an environmentally caused Children’s health issue. In this disease, the infant’s
blood is unable to carry enough oxygen to body cells and tissue. It was published in
some research papers that the ground water with large concentrations of one of the
following salts causes the Blue Baby Syndrome. Which among the following is that salt?
[A] Phosphates
[B] Nitrates
[C] Sulfates
[D] Carbonates
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Nitrates]
Notes:
Infants who drink water contamined with high levels of nitrate or take foods made with
water which is contamined with nitrate may develop serious health condition due to
which infant’s blood is unable to carry enough oxygen to body cells and tissue. This
condition is known as methemoglobinemia or “blue baby syndrome.”

18.Which of the following National Park is called “Topslip”?

[A] Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park
[B] Mudumalai National Park
[C] Mukurthi National Park
[D] Palani Hills National Park
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park]
Notes:
Aanaimalai Tiger Reserve was also known as Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and
National Park is located in the state of Tamil Nadu. The practice of sliding timber logs
down the hills from a place located in the northeast corner of the park is named as
“Topslip”. It is a famous tourist attraction.

19.Project Elephant which was launched in 1992 has declared 24 elephant reserves in
12 States to protect elephant populations in the wild and develop their habitat. In how
many states, Wild Elephant exist in India?
[A] 12
[B] 14
[C] 17
[D] 18
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [17]
Notes:
Project Elephant was launched in the year 1992 by the Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Government of India. Its objective was to provide financial and technical
assistance to wildlife management efforts by the states for wild Asian Elephants. Wild
Elephant exist in 17 states of India.
20.”Green Climate Fund” was proposed in which of the following environment
conferences?
[A] 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
[B] 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference
[C] 2010 G-20 Seoul summit
[D] None of them
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference]
Notes:
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a new global fund which was created to support the
efforts of developing countries to respond to the challenge of climate change. GCF
helps developing countries limit or reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and
adapt to climate change. It seeks to promote a paradigm shift to low-emission and
climate-resilient development, taking into accounts the needs of nations that are
particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts.

21.Seville Strategy which was adopted in the Madrid Action Plan is related to which of
the following?
[A] Protection of Ozone Layer
[B] Biosphere Reserves
[C] Marine Ecosystems
[D] Coral Reefs
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Biosphere Reserves]
Notes:
Madrid Action Plan for Biosphere Reserves (MAP), was built on the basis of Seville
Strategy which aims at capitalizing the strategic advantages of the Seville instruments
and raise biosphere reserves to be the principal internationally designated areas
dedicated to sustainable development.
22.Convention on Biological Diversity” is also denoted by which among the following?
[A] COP 10
[B] COP 11
[C] COP 12
[D] COP 15
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [COP 10]
Notes:
The tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 10) on Biological Diversity
was organized in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan in 2010.

23.In which of the following food chains, the Pyramid of Numbers will be always
inverted?
[A] Grassland Food chain
[B] Ponds Food chain
[C] Forests Food Chain
[D] Parasitic food chain
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [Parasitic food chain]
Notes:
In a Grassland, the number of producers i.e. plants and grasses is more than the
herbivore and number of carnivores is more than the herbivores. The same is valid for
Ponds. In Forests, the Pyramid of Number is a broad shaped. The producers are more,
herbivores are less but carnivores are again more. In Parasitic food chain, the Pyramid
of Numbers is always inverted

24.Earth Hour is organized by ___?

[A] UNESCO
[B] Earth Hour Foundation
[C] World Wildlife Fund
[D] United Nations Environment Programme
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [World Wildlife Fund]
Notes:
Earth Hour is organized by the WorldWildlife Fund (WWF). With almost 5 million
supporters and a global network in over 100 countries/territories, it’s one of the world’s
largest and most respected independent conservation organizations. WWF is mission is
to stop the degradation of the Earth’s natural environment and build a future where
people live in harmony with nature.
 25.Which of the following is / are correct statements regarding the Keoladeo National
Park(formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary)?
1. It is one of the Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance.
2. It is inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage list.
Select the correct option from the codes given belo
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 and 2 ]
Notes:
Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary) is situated in the Indian state of
Rajasthan. In the year 1971, it was declared a protected sanctuary. In 1981, it was
declared UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also one of the Ramsar Wetlands of
International Importance.

26.Which among the following is the World’s largest Wetland System?

[A] Camargue (France)
[B] Okavango (Botswana)
[C] Everglades (USA)
[D] Pantanal (South America)
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [Pantanal (South America) ]
Notes:
The world’s largest wetland is the Pantanal, which covers 200,000 square kilometres
(during the wet season) through Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, although 80% of it is in
Brazil. It is a land of flooded grasslands, savannas and tropical forests.

27.With reference to the Flexible Mechanisms of Kyoto Protocol, which of the following
is / are correct statements?
1. Through Clean Development Mechanism(CDM),any Annex I country can invest
in emission reduction projects in any other Annex I country as an alternative to reducing
emissions domestically.
2. Through Joint Implementation(JI),countries can meet their domestic emission
reduction targets by buying greenhouse gas reduction units from (projects in) non
Annex I countries to the Kyoto protocol (mostly developing countries).
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [Neither 1 nor 2 ]
 Notes:
The ‘flexible mechanisms’ of the Kyoto Protocol were included for the first time in the
COP-6, held Bonn, Germany. Flexible mechanisms or Kyoto Mechanisms, refer to
Emissions Trading, the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation.
1.Emissions trading (ET)-The Emissions Trading-mechanism allows parties to the Kyoto
Protocol to buy ‘Kyoto units'(emission permits for greenhouse gas) from other countries
to help meet their domestic emission reduction targets.
2.Joint Implementation (JI)-Through the Joint Implementation, any Annex I country can
invest in emission reduction projects (referred to as “Joint Implementation Projects”) in
any other Annex I country as an alternative to reducing emissions domestically.
3.Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)-Through the CDM, countries can meet their
domestic emission reduction targets by buying greenhouse gas reduction units from
(projects in) non Annex I countries to the Kyoto protocol(mostly developing countries).
Non-Annex I countries have no GHG emission restrictions, but have financial incentives
to develop GHG emission reduction projects to receive Certified Emission Reductions
that can then be sold to Annex I countries, encouraging sustainable development.

28.Apart from elephants, you can find tusks in which of the following animals?
1. Walrus
2. Sperm Whale
3. Boar
4. Ganges river dolphin
5. Hippopotamus
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] 1, 2, 3 & 5
[B] 1, 3, 4 & 5
[C] 1, 3, 5
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ 1, 2, 3 & 5 ]
Notes:
Tusks are found in tusks of elephants and teeth of mammals such as the hippopotamus,
walrus, boar, sperm and killer whale. It gets strength and rigidity from inorganic
components called mineralized tissues. The organic element, collagen, helps in the
growth and repair of ivory, which has no blood vessels, is porous and absorbs and
releases moisture.

29.Which among the following are included into the category of “Minor Forest Produce”?
1. Tendupatta
2. Bamboo
3. Sandalwood
4. Tamarind
 Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 1 & 4
[C] Only 1, 2 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Only 1, 2 & 4]
Notes:
The forest products can be generally divided into two parts viz. Major Forest Produce
and Minor Forest Products. The Major Forest Products comprise Pulpwood,
Sandalwood, Social Forestry that incudes Fuel and Timber. The Minor Forest Products
include the items such as tamarind, curry leaf, Tendu Patta, gallnut, Cane, Soapnut,
tree moss and now Bamboo also.

30.Consider the following statements with respect to Green house gases:

1. Water vapour is the most potent of the greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere.
2. Methane(CH4) is more potent than CO2.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 and 2]
Notes:
Both the statements are correct.

31.Which among the following multilateral environment agreements (MEAs) is not

correctly paired with the respective issue it deals with ?
[A] Montreal Protocol of 1987 – Ozone Depleting Substances.
[B] Bonn Convention of 1979 – The conservation of Migratory Species
[C] Basel Convention of 1989 – Regulation of transboundary movement,transit, handling
and use of Living Modified Organisms.
[D] Rotterdam Convention of 1998 – Consensual International Trade in certain
Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides.
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Basel Convention of 1989 – Regulation of transboundary
movement,transit, handling and use of Living Modified Organisms.]
Notes:
The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known simply as the Basel Convention, is an
international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste
between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from
 developed to less developed countries (LDCs). It does not, however, address the
movement of radioactive waste.

32.Which of the following three sites are both mangrove forests as well as located on
Eastern Coast of India?
1. Bhitarkanika
2. Pichavaram
3. Coondapur
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] 1 and 2
[C] 1 and 3
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [1 and 2]
Notes:
All the three given sites are mangrove forests. However, Coondapur is located in
Karnataka and is on Western Coast.

33.Which among the following awards institued by the Government of India for
individuals or communities from rural areas that have shown extraordinary courage and
dedication in protecting Wildlife?
[A] Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar
[B] Medini Puruskar Yojana
[C] Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award
[D] Pitambar Pant National Award
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award]
Notes:
This award is given for significant contribution in the field of wildlife protection, which is
recognised as having shown exemplary courage or having done exemplary work for the
protection of wildlife. A cash award of Rupees One lakh is presented to
individuals/institutions involved in wildlife protection.

34.Consider the following:

1. Albedo effect
2. Aerosols in atmosphere
3. Water vapour
Which of the above has/have contributed to Global Warming?
[A] 2 Only
[B] 1 & 3 Only
[C] 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
 Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
All three are major contributors to Global Warming.

35.Consider the following pairs of Bird Sanctuary and the location state:
1. Okhla ? Gujarat
2. Ranganathittu ? Karnataka
3. Salim Ali ? Goa
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
[A] 3 Only
[B] 1 and 2 Only
[C] 2 and 3 Only
[D] 1,2 and 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ 2 and 3 Only]
Notes:
Okhla Bird Sanctuary is in Uttar Pradesh.

36.Consider the following statements with respect to the term "Flex-Fuels" which were
recently making news:
1. Flex fuels are prepared from animal fats or vegetable oils.
2. Flex fuels reduces sulphur dioxide, lead and zinc emissions.
3. Flex fuels are less volatile and have lower octane rating than petrol.
Which of the above is / are correct statements?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 2
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Only 2]
Notes:
First statement is incorrect because bio-diesel is prepared from renewable resources
such as animal fats or vegetable oils. But only diesel engines can run on biodiesel and
not all engines can cope with it. Flex fuel involves bio-ethanol and petrol, or a blend of
both. Ethanol is largely seen as a environmentally friendly alternative to petrol. It is
made from the fermentation of crops such as sugarcane in Brazil and soybean in the
US. Second statement is correct because flex fuels reduce emission of sulphur
dioxide, lead and zinc depending upon blending. Third statement is incorrect because
flex fuels are less volatile, but have higher octane ratings than petroleum. Also, note
that E-85 is a flex fuel, which has 85 percent ethanol with 15 percent petrol blending.
Ethanol is produced from cane molasses, a by-product of the sugar production process.
So, at present, the most obvious and reliable source of bio-ethanol in India is
sugarcane. With India being the world’s second largest sugar market, government
wishes to shift to flex fuels, with minimum 10 per cent blending. Furthermore, flex-fuel
 and biofuels in general, are promoted because they are cleaner alternatives to fossil
fuels.

37.Consider the following Fossil Parks of India:

1.Shivalik Fossil Park
2.Mandla Plant Fossil National Park
3.National Fossil Wood Park
In which of the following states the above fossil parks are located?
[A] Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh
[C] Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
[D] Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu ]
Notes:
The Geological Survey of India currently maintains two protected areas bearing rich
fossil deposits. Shivalik Fossil Park, near Saketi, Himachal Pradesh is notable for its
life-size models of the vertebrates that might have roamed the Shivalik Hills 1.5-2.5
million years ago. Mandla Plant Fossil Park is located near Dindori, Madhya Pradesh.
The park attempts to preserve the fossils remains of a primordial forest that covered the
region 40-150 million years ago. The National Fossil Wood Park is in Tamil Nadu.

38.Which among the following ecosystems have an inverted pyramid of biomass?

1. Grassland
2. Pond
3. Forest
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 1 & 3
[C] 2 only
[D] 2 & 3 only
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ 2 only]
Notes:
In the Grasslands and Forests, there is a decrease in the Biomass of the organisms at
successive levels of the food chain so the Pyramid of Biomass is upright. It is inverse in
Pond ecosystem, where the producers have least biomass.
39.Green Climate Fund:
1. allows only developing countries to receive monetary resources
2. has facility to finance both private and public sectors
3. will provide finance in the form of grants and loans
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
 [C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
All are correct statements.

40.Consider the following organisms:

1. Mice
2. Blue shark
3. Squirrel
4. Chameleon
Which of the above are mammals?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 1 & 3
[C] Only 1, 3 & 4
[D] Only 1 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [ Only 1 & 3]
Notes:
Blue shark is a fish and Chameleon is a reptile.

41.The highest Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) can be expected in __?

[A] A running river
[B] A running polluted river
[C] Treated Municipal waste water
[D] Untreated Municipal waste water
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ Untreated Municipal waste water]
Notes:
BOD is amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body
of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain
temperature over a specific time period, for running rivers, it would be minimum and for
Untreated Municipal waste water it would be maximum.

42.With reference to the environment, the Birds are considered to be excellent indicator
species. What is / are reasons for this?
1. Birds live in every climate and biome.
2. Birds respond quickly to environmental change
3. Birds are relatively easy to track and count
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Birds are considered to be excellent indicator species because they can indicate useful
information about the environmental change. It lives in every climate and biome. The
track and count of birds is easy.

43.Every Biosphere in India:

1. works as a living laboratory
2. allows no activities other than research
3. is one of the four types of protected areas in India
4. listed in UNESCO’s MAB Framework
Which among the above is / are correct statements?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1, 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ Only 1 ]
Notes:
The first statement is correct. Second statement is not correct as apart from research,
limited economic activity (sand and stone mining) is permitted biosphere reserves.
Biosphere is not one of the protected areas in India as per legislations. These include
National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves.

44.With reference to the air pollution, the Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter
(RSPM) is of two types viz. PM10 (diameter 10-2.5 microns) and PM2.5 (under 2.5
microns). Consider the following statements with this reference:
1. During winter the concentration of PM2.5 is higher than summer
2. While PM2.5 affects the lungs; the PM10 affects the upper respiratory tract
Which among the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Pollutants are the made up of soot, dust or smoke particles, which is measured by
particular yard stick called as Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM). The
size of these pollutants is very tiny, which makes it virtually impossible to filter them out,
which are less than 10 microns in diameter. RSPM is generally classified as PM10
(diameter 10-2.5 microns) and PM2.5 (under 2.5 microns). Source of
pollutants: Source of these pollutants varies from organic to inorganic such as
vehicular exhaust and stone-crushing and grinding, dust from construction and paved
roads. Effect of RSPM on our body: The smaller PM2.5 affects the lungs and the air
passage the most. The smaller the particles, the deeper they enter the lungs. Whereas
the PM10 affects the upper respiratory tract from the nose and windpipe. Asthma and
bronchial diseases are the result of RSPM which can worsens even further. It is most
harmful for children, the pregnant women & elderly person. According to International
research RSPM affects almost all organs, including the kidneys & brain and also
contributes for lung cancer, abnormal foetal development in pregnant women.

45.Which among the following an animals have been declared extinct in wild in India:
1. Cheetah
2. Pink-Headed Duck
3. Sumatran Rhinoceros
4. Gee’s Golden Langur
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 1, 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [ Only 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Among the mammals, the cheetah or Acionyx jubatus and the Sumatran rhinoceros or
Dicerorhinus sumatrensisi are declared extinct in India. The pink-headed duck is extinct
since 1950 and the Himalayan quail was last found in 1876.

46.Which of the following can be called Ecosystem services?

1. Pollination
2. Soil formation
3. Nutrient recycling
4. Asexual Breeding
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 1, 2 & 3
[C] Only 2, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [ Only 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Ecosystem service is defined as the benefits of the natural environment and the healthy
ecosystems. It is categorized into four broad categories i.e. provisioning, regulating,
supporting, and cultural. Pollination, Soil formation, and Nutrient recycling are the parts
of Ecosystem services.
 47. Consider the following pairs:
1. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) – Paris Agreement
2. Biosafety Clearing House – Cartagena Protocol
3. The fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic
resources – Nagoya Protocol
Which of the above is/are correct?
[A] 1 & 2 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
The Cartagena Protocol established a Biosafety Clearing-House (BCH) as part of the
clearing-house mechanism of the Convention, in order to facilitate the exchange of
scientific, technical, environmental and legal information on, and experience with, living
modified organisms; and to assist Parties to implement the Protocol. The Nagoya
Protocol on ABS was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan and entered into
force on 12 October 2014. It provides a transparent legal framework for the effective
implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing
of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
48.Which of the following is the correct taxonomical arrangement?
[A] Species<Genus<Order<Class
[B] Genus<Species<Order<Class
[C] Species<Genus<Class<Order
[D] Species<Order<Class<Genus
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ Species<Genus<Order<Class ]
Notes:
First option is the correct answer.

49.In ecological succession from pioneer to climax community:

1. the biomass increases continuously
2. the energy production decreases
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Both are correct statements
 50.Which of the following communities has the maximum diversity?
[A] Pioneer
[B] Seral
[C] Climax
[D] Halosere
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Climax]
Notes:
The maximum diversity exists at Climax community. A climax community is generally a
community in which contains a diverse group of plants and animals originating from
different environments.

51.The range of phenotypic modifications produced by one genotype within the limits of
the habitat under which the genotype is found in nature is called _?
[A] Ecophene
[B] Ecad
[C] Ecotype
[D] Ecotone
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ Ecophene ]
Notes:
The range of phenotypic modifications produced by one genotype within the limits of the
habitat under which the genotype is found in nature is called ecophene.

52. Consider the following statements about the SPICE Project:

1. The project aims at reducing the production of ozone-depleting chemicals
2. It aims at removal of sulphate particles, or aerosols from the stratosphere
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ Neither 1 nor 2]
Notes:
The project aims at Global dimming. First statement is incorrect because the project
aims at injecting significant quantities of particles into the stratosphere to provide overall
cooling effect. Second statement is incorrect because the project aims at injecting
sulphate particles, or aerosols in stratosphere.
 53.In which of the following states of India, one is more likely to see the wild water
buffalo?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Uttarakhand
[C] Assam
[D] Tamil Nadu
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Assam]
Notes:
Wild water buffalo is a large bovine native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast
Asia. It has been listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red. The global population has
been estimated at 3,400 individuals, of which 3,100 (91%) live in India, mostly
in Assam.

54.Consider the following fauna:

1. Jerdon's courser
2. Grey slender loris
3. Argali sheep
Which of the above is/are most commonly found in Eastern Ghats?
[A] 1 & 2 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ 1 & 2 Only ]
Notes:
Jerdon’s courser is endemic to a restricted-range in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra
Pradesh. Grey slender loris is found in India and Sri Lanka, though mostly confined to
Eastern Ghats region of India. Argali sheep are native to the highlands of Central
Asia (Himalaya, Tibet, Altay).

55.Consider the following statements about Paris Agreement:

1. The objective of the agreement is to keep the global average temperature
increase to below 2 degrees
2. India has signed as well as ratified the Paris Agreement
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
 Notes:
Both are correct statements
India ratified the agreement on 2 Oct, 2016. India ratified the Paris Agreement on
Climate Change by depositing the instrument of ratification with the United Nations on
Sunday, the 147th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. With this, India has become
the 62nd country to ratify the agreement. The agreement will enter into force one month
after 55 countries that account for 55 percent of global emissions ratify the agreement.
The objective of the agreement is to keep the global average temperature increase to
below 2 degrees while “pursuing efforts” to keep it below 1.5.

56. Consider the following:

1. Marrakesh Accords
2. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
3. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)
4. Common but differentiated responsibilities
Which of the above are related to Kyoto protocol?
[A] 1, 2 & 3 Only
[B] 1, 2 & 4 Only
[C] 2, 3 & 4 Only
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [ 1, 2 & 4 Only]
Notes:
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) is related to Paris
Agreement. Under the Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015, the INDC will
become the first Nationally Determined Contribution when a country ratifies the
agreement, unless they decide to submit a new NDC at the same time. Once the Paris
Agreement is ratified, the NDC will become the first greenhouse gas targets under the
UNFCCC that applied equally to both developed and developing countries

57. Consider the following statements about Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs):
1. They are highly resistant to degradation in the environment and lead to
bioaccumulation
2. Electronic waste or e-waste is the major source of BFRs
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
 Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Both are correct statements

58. Consider the following statements about Sea buckthorn:

1. It is a deciduous shrub used for soil erosion control
2. Cultivation of sea buckthorn is a mega project under Green India Mission
3. Sea buckthorn grows mostly in the Himalayan region
Which of the above statements are correct?
[A] 1 & 2 Only
[B] 2 & 3 Only
[C] 1 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Sea buckthorn is a deciduous shrub, and an ideal plant for soil erosion. It is a medicinal
plant found in the Himalayan region. Our country holds tremendous potential in respect
of Sea buckthorn fruit production and diverse varieties which have health-promoting
properties and can play a crucial role in preventing soil erosion and help nitrogen
fixation in cold and desert areas.

59.Southern Birdwing is a/an:

[A] butterfly endemic to Peninsular India
[B] invasive fish species responsible for damage to other fish population in Krishna
River
[C] species of peafowl recently declared vermin in Goa
[D] newly declared state bird of Delhi
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ butterfly endemic to Peninsular India ]
Notes:
Southern birdwing is the largest butterfly of India, endemic to peninsular India. It was
recently in news when the State Forest department of Karnataka sent a proposal to the
state government to declare Southern Bird Wing butterfly as the state butterfly.

60.Which of the following statements is correct about the MARPOL Convention?

[A] It is an international convention for prevention of pollution from ships
[B] It aims to prevent the fertilizer and sewage runoff from land to ocean
[C] It is an international agreement to protect and restore the endangered ocean
species and marine animals
[D] It aims at preventing adverse impact of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) on
environment
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ It is an international convention for prevention of pollution from
ships ]
 Notes:
First option is the correct answer

61.The pyramid of number of individual per unit area in a grassland ecosystem shall be:
[A] Inverted
[B] Irregular
[C] Upright
[D] Linear
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Upright]
Notes:
The number of individuals at each tropic level in grassland ecosystem decreases and
hence the pyramid of number is upright.

62. Consider the following statements:

1. Energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional
2. A food chain always begins with photosynthetic autotrophs
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Both are correct statements

63.Identify the fauna with the help of given information:

1. It can only live in freshwater and is essentially blind
2. It hunts by emitting ultrasonic sounds
3. It is commonly known as “Susu” in Ganges and “Hihu” in Brahmaputra
4. The Assam State Government declared the fauna as the State Aquatic Animal
Select the correct answer from options given below:
[A] Golden Mahseer
[B] Gangetic River Dolphin
[C] Dugong
[D] Ganges sharks
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [ Gangetic River Dolphin]
Notes:
All given features are of Gangetic River Dolphin.

64. Consider the following statements about Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs):
1. They are highly resistant to degradation in the environment and lead to
bioaccumulation
2. Electronic waste or e-waste is the major source of BFRs
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Both are correct statements

65.Which of the following chemicals is/are responsible for eutrophication?

1. Nitrogen
2. Phosphorus
3. Potash
Select the correct option from codes given below:
[A] 1 & 2 Only
[B] 1 Only
[C] 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
The most common nutrients causing eutrophication are nitrogen, phosphorus and
potash.

66.Consider the following statements about Nitrogen Dioxide:

1. It is a greenhouse gas as per Kyoto protocol
2. It is a pollutant considered for measuring National Air Quality Index
3. Nitrogen dioxide is a colourless and odourless gas
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 & 2 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [ 2 Only]
Notes:
The pollutants considered for the measurement of Air Quality Index are (PM 10, PM2.5,
NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb) for which short-term (up to 24-hourly averaging period)
National Ambient Air Quality Standards are prescribed. Third statement is incorrect
because nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent and irritating odour.
 The Kyoto protocol covers six gases carbon-dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous
oxide (N2O), hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), per fluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur
hexafluoride (SF6).

67. Consider the following species:

1. Great white shark
2. Killer whale
3. Whale shark
Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals?
[A] 1 & 2 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [ 2 Only]
Notes:
A shark is not a mammal like whales, nor is it a reptile like alligators. A shark is actually
a fish. Killer whale is a mammal. Whale shark is not a mammal.

68. Consider the following statements about National Green Tribunal:

1. It is a statutory body
2. The Chairperson of NGT is appointed by the Central Government in consultation
with the Chief Justice of India
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Both are correct statements

69. Consider the following pairs:

1. Stoneflies – indicate high oxygen content in water
2. Mosses – indicate acidic soil
3. Greasewood – indicates saline soil
Which of the above is/are correct?
[A] 1 & 2 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]
 Notes:
All of the above are correct
An indicator species is any biological species that defines a trait or characteristics of the
environment. Indicator species are sensitive to environmental changes and can act as
early warning regarding adverse environmental changes in particular area.

70.Which of the following are used for biofuel production in India?

1. Oil palm
2. Jatropha
3. Sea buckthorn
4. Guar gum
Select the correct option from codes given below:
[A] 1, 2 & 3 Only
[B] 2, 3 & 4 Only
[C] 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [ 1, 2 & 3 Only ]
Notes:
Guar Gum is not used for biofuel production in India. India is the leading exporter of
guar gum, constituting about 80 per cent of the global production. Guar Gum is a
legume crop that grows in semi-arid regions of the subcontinent.

71.Consider the following comparisons drawn between United Nation Security Council
and the International Court of Justice:
1. While the United Nation Security Council has fifteen member states, the
International Court of Justice has five judges
2. While election to the UNSC is conducted only in the General Assembly, election
for ICJ is held concurrently in the UNGA and UNSC
Which of the above is/are correct statements?
[A] Only 1 is correct
[B] Only 2 is correct
[C] Both 1 & 2 are correct
[D] Neither 1 nor 2 is correct.
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2 is correct ]
Notes:
First statement is incorrect While the Security Council has 15 member states, the
International Court of Justice has 15 judges. Second statement is correct While
 election to the UNSC is conducted only in the General Assembly, election for ICJ is held
concurrently in the UNGA and UNSC. While it requires two-third majority in UNGA to
get elected to non permanent seat of UNSC, it requires absolute majority of the total
membership in each organ- UNGA and UNSC to be elected as judge into the
International Court of Justice. While veto applies to UNSC, it does not apply for election
to the ICJ.

72.Consider the following statements about National Company Law Appellate Tribunal
(NCLAT):
1. It is a quasi-judicial body established under the Companies Act 2013
2. An appeal against the orders passed by NCLT can be made only in Supreme
Court
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 ]
Notes:
First statement is correct The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) is a
quasi-judicial body established under the Companies Act 2013. Second statement is
incorrect An appeal against the orders passed by National Company Law Tribunal
(NCLT) is made to the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal. The decisions of
NCLAT may be appealed to the Supreme Court of India. NCLT would be dealing in
various matters pertaining to winding up of Companies, Revival and Restructuring which
presently hitherto falls under the jurisdiction of High Court and BIFR respectively. NCLT
entertains the proceedings which have been transferred to the Tribunal from High Court
as provided in section 434 of the Companies Act,2013 (“Act”). The NCLT has all powers
of a civil court. It can summon and enforce the attendance of any person; requiring the
discovery and production of documents; receiving evidence on affidavits; subject to the
provisions of sections 123 and 124 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, etc.

73.Consider the following pairs:

1. Asiatic Lion – Gir National Park
2. Rhinoceros – Kaziranga National Park
3. Hangul – Corbett National Park
4. Lion tailed Macaque – Western Ghats
Which among the above is / are correct matches?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 1, 2 & 3
[C] Only 1, 2 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 1, 2 & 4]
 Notes:
Hangul – Dachigam National Park

74.Which among the following can lead to eutrophication in the water bodies?
1. Use of Fertilizers in nearby fields
2. Wastewater effluents
3. Runoff from abandoned mines
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Water enriched with nutrients leads to eutrophication. Decaying organic matter releases
odorous gases and partially decomposed matter accumulates on the river or lakebed,
hereby limiting water’s suitability for human consumption and other uses. High levels of
fertilizer use has been associated with increased incidence of eutrophication in rivers
and lakes in several of India’s most important water bodies, such as the Hussein Sagar
in Hyderabad and Nainital in Uttar Pradesh.

75.With reference to the fauna of India, what is Southern Birdwing?

[A] Sparrow
[B] Lizard
[C] Butterfly
[D] Mormon
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Butterfly]
Notes:
The Southern Birdwing is a large and striking Swallowtail butterfly endemic to
Peninsular India. With a wingspan of 140–190 mm, it is the largest butterfly found in
southern India. You may note that Grass Jewel is the smallest butterfly of India and
Atlas Moth is the largest moth found in India.
76.In recent times, Landfill gases (LFG) have been making news with reference to their
influence on climate change. Consider the following statements with this reference:
1. Landfill gas has mostly composed of Methane and Carbon Dioxide
2. Landfill gas can be used for commercial production of electricity
Which among the above is / are correct statements?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
 Notes:
Landfill gas production results from chemical reactions and microbes acting upon the
waste as the putrescible materials begins to break down in the landfill. Landfill gas is
approximately forty to sixty percent methane, with the remainder being mostly carbon
dioxide. Landfill gas also contains varying amounts of nitrogen and oxygen gas, water
vapour, hydrogen sulphide, and other contaminants. Landfill gases have an influence on
climate change. The major components are CO2 and methane, both of which are
greenhouse gas. Landfill gas can be converted to high-Btu gas by reducing its carbon
dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen content. The high-Btu gas can be piped into existing
natural gas pipelines or in the form of CNG (compressed natural gas) or LNG (liquid
natural gas). If the landfill gas extraction rate is large enough, a gas turbine or internal
combustion engine could be used to produce electricity to sell commercially or use on
site.

77.Consider the following fauna:

1. Sangai Deer
2. Gangetic Dolphin
3. The Great Indian Bustard (GIB)
4. Dugong
Which of the above are found only in India?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 1 & 2 Only
[C] 1, 2 & 3 Only
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [1 Only]
Notes:
The Sangai deer is found only in Manipur. It lives in the marshy wetland in the Keibul
Lamjao National Park. Its habitat is located in the southern parts of the Loktak Lake,
which is the largest freshwater lake in Eastern India. The habitat of the Sangai is now
protected as the Keibul Lamjao National Park. The Sangai is the State animal of
Manipur and is projected as the social and the cultural identity of the State. The Ganges
river dolphin is primarily found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers and their
tributaries in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The GIB is a heavy bird, weighing 15-16 kg.
As per recent estimate, the global population is about 300 birds. The population is
fragmented into eight populations in the states of Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh in India, the maximum being in
Rajasthan, and parts of Pakistan. Dugong is a medium-sized mammal. Its current
distribution is fragmented, and many populations are believed to be close to extinction.
Dugongs are spread in the waters of some 40 countries and territories throughout the
Indo-West Pacific.

78.Consider the following statements about Kaziranga National Park 1.Wild Water
Buffalo is only found in Kaziranga National Park. 2.It is a World Heritage Site.
3.Kaziranga is recognized as an Important Bird Area. Select the correct option from the
codes given below:
[A] 2 only
[B] 3 only
[C] 2 and 3
[D] 1 and 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [ 2 and 3 ]
Notes:
Kaziranga National Park hosts two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses.
It is a World Heritage Site. It has the largest population of the Wild water buffalo
anywhere accounting for about 57% of the world population.

79.Biomass is defined as-

[A] Total organic matter existing in an ecosystem
[B] Total inorganic matter existing in an ecosystem
[C] Total organic and inorganic matter existing in an ecosystem
[D] None of the above
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [Total organic matter existing in an ecosystem]
Notes:
Biomass refers to the total organic matter existing in an ecosystem. It consist of living or
recently living material from plants and animals. It also consist of bio waste from home ,
medical use, industries etc.

80.Which of the following is/are the harmful effect of lead?

[A] Breakdown of nervous system
[B] Cancer
[C] Digestive problems
Digestive problems
[D] All of the above
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
Lead in the body can lead to cancer, digestive problems and nervous breakdown.

81.Chirang Ripu Elephant Conservation reserve is found in whcih of the following

states?
[A] Assam
[B] Arunachal Pradesh
[C] West Bengal
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [Assam]
 Notes:
It is one of the sites under MIKE program and is in Assam.

82.The Stockholm Convention is related to which of the following?

[A] Hazardous waste
[B] Persistant Organic Pollutants
[C] Pesticides
[D] Insecticides
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Persistant Organic Pollutants]
Notes:
The Stockholm convention signed in 2001 was effective from 2004 and is related to the
aims to curb the production and use of Persistant Organic Pollutants

83.Where is the headquarter of the International Whaling Commission situated?

[A] Washington
[B] Cambridge
[C] London
[D] Geneva
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [London]
Notes:
The International Whaling Commission is an intergovernmental body headquartered in
Cambridge, U.K. It is tasked with the conservation of whales.

84.Which of the following is true about Golden Langur?

1. In India it is found only in North East India
2. Its IUCN status is Endangered
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] 1 only
[B] 2 only
[C] Both
[D] None
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both]
Notes:
Golden Langur also called Gee’s Golden Langur is one of the primates found in the the
foothills of Bhutan (North), Manas river (East), Sankosh river (West), and Brahmaputra
river (South). Its IUCN status is Endangered.
85.Which of the following components are considered as the Biotic components?
1) Water
2) Soil
3) Symbionts
4) Non-green plants
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 4
[B] Only 1, 3 & 4
[C] Only 3 & 4
[D] Only 1 & 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 3 & 4]
Notes:
The relationship and interaction between different organisms and the environment are
highly complex. It comprises both biotic and abiotic components. Some of the Biotic
components are Green plants, Non-green plants, Decomposers, Parasites, Symbionts,
Animals, Man.

86.Which of the following are the basic components of the Ecosystem?

1) Autotrophs
2) Heterotrophs
3) Non-Living Matter
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Each Ecosystem is unique, but all the ecosystems have three basic components:
1) Autotrophs – Example: Trees, Grass
2) Heterotrophs- Example- Animals, Human Beings
3) Non-Living Matter- Example- soil, Sediments, and other organic matter.

87.Which of the following statements are correct about Tundra Biome?

1) It is Devoid of trees except stunted shrubs in the southern part of tundra biome,
ground flora includes lichen, mosses, and sedges.
2) Fauna is generally absent in such Biomes.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 ]
Notes:
Tundra Biomes are Devoid of trees except for stunted shrubs in the southern part of
tundra biome, ground flora includes lichen, mosses, and sedges. The typical animals
are reindeer, arctic fox, polar bear, snowy owl, etc.
88.Which of the following statements are correct with respect to the niche of a species?
1. Two species can have exact identical niches.
2. Niche plays an important role in conservation of organisms.
3. Physical & chemical niche include factors like temperature, land shape, land slope,
humidity & other requirement.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2 & 3]
Notes:
No two species can have exact identical niches. Niche plays an important role in
conservation of organisms. Physical & chemical niche include factors like temperature,
land shape, land slope, humidity & other requirement.
89.Which of the following statements are correct about the type of communities?
1. Major Communities are large-sized, well organized, relatively independent and
depend on the sun’s energy.
2. Minor Communities are dependent on neighbouring communities and are often called
societies.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Major Communities are large-sized, well organized, relatively independent and depend
on the sun’s energy. Minor Communities are dependent on neighbouring communities
and are often called societies.
90.Which of the following statements are correct with respect to food chain?
1. A food chain starts with producers and ends with top carnivores.
2. The sequence of eaten and being eaten involves transfer of food energy from trophic
level to another.
3. An ecosystem may consist of several interrelated food chains.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
A food chain starts with producers and ends with top carnivores. The sequence of eaten
and being eaten involves transfer of food energy from trophic level to another. An
ecosystem may consist of several interrelated food chains.