Adjective Clauses with Subject Pronouns

Adjective Clauses with Object Pronouns

1.The lady who I visited yesterday was very kind.
2. The video that we rented last night was enjoyable.
3. The grammar book we use in class is confusing.
4. I like the picture you painted.

My brother, whose company has branches in 42 countries.

I work for a woman whose annual salary exceeds $1,000,000.

I know the woman to whom Kine is talking.

I already saw the picture at which you were pointing.

That is the place where you and I were supposed to meet

We took our vacation at a sea resort where could also take boat riding

This is the place where Buddha took his final breath.

Adjective Clauses that have prepositions

1.Mumbai is a metropolitan city which I have traveled to many times.
2. I know the woman to whom Kine is talking.
3. I already saw the picture at which you were pointing. 

Adjective Clauses + Where

1.That is the place where you and I were supposed to meet.
2.We took our vacation at a sea resort where could also take boat riding.
3.This is the place where Buddha took his final breath. 

Adjective Clauses + When

1. Eight o'clock was the time when we were supposed to be there.
2. I got nervous when I imagine the situation when I met the accident last year.
3. I remember the time when was a lot of fun for our whole family
Appositives that need commas.
1. Swami Vivekananda, our reputed philosopher, was born in Kolkata.
2. Roberts, CEO, will be our featured speaker.
3. My brother, who received a scholarship, will attend Cambridge.
4. Rajesh, my friend, loves pets.
5. Raghu, my colleague, will teach you remaining portion.

Appositives that do not need commas

1. The Mangoes that we need for this recipe are on the table.
2. The workers who built this bridge did a commendable job.
3. The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious
4. The girl who is carrying the bag is three years old.
5. The students who finished their homework left the classroom

Today, my friend and I went to KFC for lunch, and we ordered alot. But I am unable to complete my
share. My friend, Saleem, got a Chicken Bucket and some French Fries. The fries were hot, salty,
and delicious. We know that Salty food is not good for health. But we are unable to control our
temptation towards it. After completing this, my friend again ordered Milkshake and Black Forest, an
Ice Cream for dessert. Our other friend, Rajesh, had a large order of chicken nuggets and a few
fries. He couldn't finish his lunch because there were too many chicken nuggets and again French
Fries. I had a Chicken Wings and an iced tea, but after I ate Chicken Wings, I was still hungry, so I
got some French Fries and an apple pie. I even ate some of Rajesh's nuggets. All the food was
tasty, but suddenly we forgot that we are on diet. After coming out from Restaurant we laugh aloud,
all people look at us with surprise because they don’t why we laughed.

Saleem: My father wants me to wash the car, but doing such type of chores does not sound fun to
me.

Siva: Mowing the lawn isn't a bad idea. But my dad needs me to help in some other things like
cleaning garage, and outer house.

Saleem: Maybe we should do something fun also when we get finished off such chores. Can I
stop by your house when I'm finished mowing?

Siva: Yes, I'll be there, but the cleaning may still be going on. If such situation arises, would you
keep me company?

Saleem: Of course. I can even help you. Could you tell me how to get to your house again or
share the route to your house in mobile?

Siva: Sure. You can just take the Bus No.5 to get to my place or even you can take auto-rickshaw
also. But, taking the bus is the easiest way to get there.

Saleem: Remember, I am going industrial tour next weekend. Can I borrow your equipment?
Siva: Yes, definitely.

A young man who is also an artist spends a day at beach one afternoon. He lay on the sand and
looked the beautiful sight of Ocean. He was delighted what a beautiful sight. As he is an artist
suddenly he began to speak that how beautiful the Ocean was, and it seems that the Ocean and
sky is meeting at horizon. He complimented God for his nice creation. He sang the glories of
God. In his songs he asked why you created both Evil and Lie when already Good and Truth are
existed? He lied on the sand and sun was about to set. He felt that when the God is full of your
heart and his creation enveloped their entire mind what is the need of food? But one has to fill
his belly. He went to nearby restaurant ordered a dessert. As his mind is full of pleasure all
desserts are appeared nice. He again complimented God for giving food for the day. He choose
very lite food. He uploaded the content in his personal website. Again after observing the whole
content he sighed in relief.

A young man who is also an artist spends a day at the beach one afternoon. He lay on the sand
and looked at the beautiful sight of the Ocean. He was delighted what a beautiful sight. As he is
an artist suddenly he began to speak that how beautiful the Ocean was, and it seems that the
Ocean and sky are meeting at the horizon. He complimented God for his nice creation. He sang
the glories of God. In his songs, he asked why you created both Evil and Lie when already Good
and Truth have existed? He lied on the sand and the sun was about to set. He felt that when God
is full of your heart and his creation enveloped their entire mind what is the need for food? But
one has to fill his belly. He went to a nearby restaurant ordered a dessert. As his mind is full of
pleasure all desserts have appeared nice. He again complimented God for giving food for the
day. He chooses very lite food. He uploaded the content on his personal website. Again after
observing the whole content, he sighed in relief.

1. Blow – up – My father may blow up when he finds out how much I spent.
2. Call off – Bride called off the wedding
3. Pick out – My father picked out a pink shirt for me to try on.
4. Live on – My wife and I lived on very little when we first got married.
5. Take after – I took after my mother's side in my family

1. Bring somebody down (Make unhappy/Sad) – this kind of sad music is bringing me down.
2. Calm down (Relax after being angry) – Before driving any vehicle you need to calm down.
3. Figure something out (understand/find the answer) - I need to figure out how to fit the
computer and the bookshelf in this room.
4. Go against somebody (Compete/Oppose) – Socrates went against the wrong norms of society
5. Hang out (Spend time relaxing) –
 YOUR LIFESTYLE NOW AND YOUR LIFESTYLE IN THE FUTURE

Over the few years, our lives have dramatically changed as a result of new technologies. The
emergence of new technologies changed our lives and spawned a new division in the global
workforce. It allowed people to work from the comforts of home or while travelling and
exploring the globe. The technology also amplified our ability to share information and
manipulate our social and professional network.

Today I am attending office and working for some time in the office and spending remaining
time at home. But in future may be it meant, remaining at home, sitting in a favourite coffee
shop, or a hotel or on a lounge chair by the beach and complete my work. The ability for many
people to work is virtually at our fingertips. It will give more privilege to employees and
employers. If we compare ourselves in the past, we live much better. But in future our lives will
be more advanced. Then, what is our future of our lifestyles and business? The lines will cross
between home life, work, family and social experiences. The task of balancing our lifestyles and
daily activities will become essential. New tools will help people to manage things, schedule
their busy routines, and assist in their performance. Some of the new technologies include 3-D
printing, holographic imaging, time management and an expansive line of virtual reality and
wellness devices. But technology has its own banes. When technology enhances the need to
maintain person-to-person connectivity will be reduced. We also see the growth of remote work
force, educational programs; home schooling platforms are seeing similar growth. When we
immerse in physical world our contacts to the world are open widely, where as in virtual world
the relations with people are not easily available. Again the modern technology will redefine the
conventional values of family.
 A TEACHER AND STUDENT TALKING ABOUT GRAMMAR

1. Student: Madam you have been teaching the same topic in Grammar for one month.

2. Teacher: Yes, I have been teaching you the same topic but it is very helpful to you.

3. Teacher: You know Raghav has been writing his dissertation for the last six years and he
submitted yesterday.

4. Student: What! He had been writing the dissertation for the last six years, yesterday he
submitted?

5. Teacher: Yes by the end of November, he will have been working for six years.

6. Teacher: That’s why I have been teaching such topics for this much duration. It will give you
more ability to write good dissertations.

7. Student: Will you have been taking the same duration to complete the next chapter? I mean the
exercises part

9. Teacher: Yes, because the next part is exercise. Once it is completed you will pass that test
easily because you will have been practicing for months

10. Student: Thank you for your support all the time.

11. Teacher: No issues. As I am a teacher of Grammar and I have been teaching more than 15
years I don’t feel any difficulty.

At one point in our lives, we are definitely vulnerable, and we start believing that we got life was
figured out. We start dreaming that we are now invincible and nobody could dare to touch us or
attack us. However, it is the worst mistake we commit in our life. Afterward, life should not
inspire us and at some point in time, we stop learning new things in our life. My quest for life
started from thence. The journey of self-discovery and self-improvement began in my life. I
came out of my comfort zone and saw the real world with precision. Life imparted me that I
could perceive my life with my experience. I went out of the real world and I had learned the
most important lessons which could only be learned better if experienced. The primary lesson I
learned in my life is, “Things would come around if you’re patient.”

You must include at least 10 verbs in correct form and use at least five different tenses
correctly. At least one of your verbs must be a perfect progressive verb (present, past, or
future) and at least one must be passive. 

In my childhood I had a very big family. I had three siblings with whom I used to play a
lot. I still remember the games we use to play. Especially, in the evenings, we used to play
outside, and go out in the park with our sports equipment. Each day we played different games,
for example, shuttle on one day and cricket on the other. As cricket is fond of many children we
used to play it more. These memories of playing in the park are very dear to me.

Furthermore, I remember clearly the aroma of my grandmother’s pickles and sweets. I

used to help her whenever she made pickles. We used to watch her do the magic of combining
the oils and spices to make delicious pickles. Even today, I can sometimes smell her pickles
whenever I look back at this memory. Many times I tried to emulate the same varieties but I miss
the fragrance and deliciousness. Still I have been trying the same things at my home but I am
dissatisfied with the taste. To some extent my mother had been succeeded in getting that taste. I
always aspire that one day I will cook like her and will have been getting good comments from
my friends and relatives.

Most importantly, I remember this instance very clearly when we went out for a picnic
with my family. We paid a visit to the zoo and had an incredible day. My mother packed
delectable dishes which we ate in the zoo. My father clicked so many pictures that day. When I
look at these pictures, the memory is so clear, it seems like it happened just yesterday. Thus, my
childhood memories are very dear to me and make me smile when I feel low.

Noun Clauses as Subjects

1. Whatever you want is fine with me
2. What moved him was a sense of those worlds around us.
3. How the clouds drifted on that July afternoon still makes me smile.

Noun Clauses as Objects of the Verb

1. My dog will eat whatever food I provide him.
2. The judges will award whichever painting they like the most the blue ribbon.
3. I want to play with whoever is a good sport.

Noun Clauses as Objects of a Preposition

1. His parents will think about that he wants a new car as his graduation gift.
2. My husband did not think about that I wanted some new flannel sheets for Diwali.

Noun Clauses as Subject Complements

1. The Question is what human nature is.
2. My command is whatever you wish.
Sentences with direct speech (quoted speech) and then rewrite each one using reported
speech 
1
Direct Speech: She said, "I am ready."
Reported Speech: She said she was ready. 

2
Direct Speech: She said, "I am going."
Reported Speech: She said she was going.

3
Direct Speech: They said, "We have chosen." 
Reported Speech: They said that they had chosen. 

4
Direct Speech: Ram said, "The sun rises in the east."
Reported Speech: Ram said that the sun rises in the east. 

Noun clauses that can be reduced to infinitive phrases

1
Noun Clause: They told me that I should drive.
Infinitive Phrase: They told me to drive.

2
Noun Clause: They asked me if I would help.
Infinitive Phrase: They asked me to help.

3
Noun Clause: I'm not sure how I can help.
Infinitive Phrase: I’m not sure how to help.

4
Noun Clause: How society should distribute scarce goods is a central economic problem in any
society.
Infinitive Phrase: How to distribute scarce goods is central economic problem in any society.

Noun clauses that can be reduced to gerund phrases

1
Noun Clause: They admit that they have problems at school.
Gerund Clause: They admit having problems at school

2
Noun Clause: They recommend that you buy a less expensive car.
Gerund Clause: They recommend you buying a less expensive car.

3
Noun Clause: I suggested that John buys a less expensive car.
Gerund Clause: I suggested John’s buying a less expensive car.

NOUN CLAUSE + EVER WORD

Wherever you want to go is fine by me.

Real conditionals in the present or future using if or only if.

1. If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils

2. Acetaminophen is dangerous to children only if dosage is too high
3. Only if you like classical music is it worth coming tonight.
4. If necessary, you can call Jake at home.

UNLESS
1. My leg's broken. I can't stand up unless you help me.

PROVIDED
It should all work nicely, provided that nobody loses faith in the idea.

AS LONG AS
I’ll remember that film as long as I live.

WISH
I don’t have time, I wish I had time
She is absent but she wishes she weren’t

UNREAL CONDITIONS – PRESENT /FUTURE – IF

1. If she was an animal, she would be a cat
2. If I had some time off work, I would go to Rome.
3. I'm really busy next week. If I had time, I would meet you.

UNREAL CONDITIONS – PAST – IF

1. If I were you, I wouldn't mention it.
2. If she was prime minister, she would invest more money in schools.
3. I would have bought that computer if it had been cheaper.

MIXED CONDITIONALS – USING TWO DIFFERENT TENSES

1. I'll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.
2. I don't want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
3. I'll give you a key in case I'm not at home.

IF-OMMITED AND IF-ADDED

1. I don't want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
2. I don't want to stay in London if I don't get a well-paid job.
COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
1. The children ran and jumped all over the playground
2. Would you like vegetarian or non-vegetarian for dinner?
3. The old fort seemed grand yet mysterious.
4. Slowly but surely, the turtle finished the race.

CORRELATE CONJUNCTIONS
1. He is both intelligent and handsome
2. I will either go for a hike or stay home and watch TV.
3. Harry is neither rich nor famous.
4. He is not only intelligent, but also very funny

- She is neither polite nor funny

- This salad is both delicious and healthy.

TRANSITION WORDS
1. I’m tired. Therefore, I’m going to bed.
2. I am not fond of fruit. However, I do like bananas.
3. Today, I’m going to write a post. In addition, I’m recording some video lessons.
4. We’re letting you go. In other words, you’re fired.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
1. He arrived in time.
2. He arrived in the nick of time.
3. The cat in the middle is the cutest.
4. My mother has always wanted to live in a cabin by the lake.

After the game will be too late for us to go to dinner.

I climbed up the very steep hill.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES + SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

1. Everywhere she goes, she brings a camera.
2. While we were waiting for the pizza guy to arrive, we played poker at the kitchen table.
3. Because it was exceptionally cold, I wore my winter jacket.
4. Even if they lose by five goals, people will still love them.
5. Despite the poor service provided by the wait staff, we still enjoyed the food and the
atmosphere of the restaurant.
6. We will not have school today because it snowed last night.
7. Until it stops raining, we will stay inside.
8. When your father gets here, we will go.
9. After the game has finished, the king and pawn go into the same box.
10. Anywhere the struggle is great; the level of ingenuity and inventiveness is high.

USAGE OF PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Gayathri is walking her dog, Tommy, at the park. Tommy has been causing a lot of problems for
her. Then after a long time she meets her friend, Vidya.

Gayathri: Tommy, has been running fast and pulling on his leash. His energy levels are high in the
fresh air. Gayathri unable to stop her moment.

Vidya: Exclaims, Oh! You must feel very tired.

Gayathri: I am tired. He has been dragging me all over the park! I've haven't been able to rest for a
single minute.

Vidya: Has he been barking at the other dogs?

Gayathri: Yes, he has. He has been barking all day. He has been barking at the strangers all the
time.

Vidya: What else have you been doing today?

Gayathri: I have been thinking about my homework assignment while we've been walking. I don't
know what I am going to write my essay about.

Vidya: It is so easy. You could write about your walk with Tommy!

Gayathri: That's a good idea. I guess you can say that Tommy has been helping me with my
homework unintentionally.

Vidya: Ha! Ha!

USAGE OF PAST PERFECT

1. I had studied English before I moved to New York.

2. Had I studied English before I moved to New York?
3. When we arrived, the film had started.
4. It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn't arrive.
5. When he graduated, he had been in London for six years.
 I had a bad experience. It happened only last week. I woke up late because my alarm
didn’t ring. I got up quickly and had a shower in a hurry, and as you guess, I didn’t have enough
time to have my breakfast. I was driving my car fast in hoping I wouldn’t be late for work, and
that prevented me from taking a good look at the traffic lights. In this hurry mood, I failed to stop
when the light was red. And I was still driving fast when suddenly a policeman on his huge
motorbike overtook me and told me to stop. I stopped and parked my car aside. The policeman
just stopped his motorbike right in front of my car. He got down his motorbike and approached
me. The policeman informed me that I crossed the Red Light and asked Driving License and
Paper. I tapped my back pocket trying to find my wallet where I have my driving license and
paper. But the wallet was not there. I checked my bag in the car. It was not there either. Of
course policemen wouldn’t listen to such excuses. He told me to get back home and fetch the
driving license and paper. He said I could leave my car there and he would wait. Luckily I had
some money in my other pocket. I caught a public transport and went back home. 30 minutes
later I got back to my car. I showed the policeman my driving license and paper and he gave me
a ticket for running the red light and for failing to produce my driving license and paper. By this
time I was 45 minutes late for work. I was sure my boss would be very angry. I had to drive to
my office even faster. But there was another problem; I couldn’t find my car key. Perfect! I left
my car key at home! Cursing, again I headed back home and grabbed the damned key that was
lying on the table near the door. The public transport trip to go back to my car was slow as the
driver had to stop very often for more passengers. It took me 25 minutes to get back to my car.
When I again drove back, the time was 09.55. I was late, very late. I could imagine my boss face
and could hear his words clearly. My trip was like a hell. But, when I arrived at my office
premises, I was surprised. The gate of office was closed and I didn’t notice anyone, not even the
office boy. I main door was locked, I realized it was Sunday.

What you can or can't do

1. I cannot solve mathematical problems easily.
2. I can run fast.

Mother or Father could or couldn't do when they were younger

1. My mom can handle business effectively, as she was graduated from Harvard University.
2. My father cannot tolerate lies, as he was warned by my grandfather in his childhood.

Might or Might not do after you finish this assignment

1. I might use modal verbs effectively after this assignment.
2. I might not be underperformer in Grammar after completion of this assignment

Preferences with food

1. I cannot eat non-vegetarian, as I am completely Vegan.
2. I can cook Rasmalai just like Bengalese
Rohan: Hi Ganesh. How are you? Can you help me with something?

Ganesh: Sure, I can, but I won't be able to help you until after College.

Rohan: That's ok. I would rather do this later than now anyway. Because, my lecturer gave me one
week time to complete the project.

Ganesh: What do you need help with? I might be able to guess.

Rohan: You may be able to guess, but I'd explain in detail.

Ganesh: Ok. Explain.

Rohan: I am having trouble in my French class. I can't seem to understand past perfect tense. Could
you help me review before my test? I have to submit a project within a week. Without your help I
could not make this.

Ganesh: Oh! Ok for this we have to borrow a book in our library, then I can explain you more better.

Rohan: Ok, tomorrow we will borrow the book in our college library.

You must include at least 5 modals to talk about the past and 5 passive verbs in correct
form (If you use a passive modal, count it as a passive.). They also must be used in correct
situations. 

At one point in our lives, we are definitely vulnerable to our own actions. We start
believing that we got life was figured out. We start dreaming that we are now invincible and
nobody could dare to touch us or attack us. However, it is the worst mistake we commit in our
life. Afterwards life should not inspire us and at some point in time, we stop learning new things
in our life. Life shall be our beneficial factor at the same time it is our baneful factor. My quest
for life started from thence. The journey of self-discovery and self-improvement began in my
life. I came out of my comfort zone and saw the real world with precision. Life imparted me that
I could perceive my life with my experience. I went out of the real world and I had learned the
most important lessons which could only be learned better if experienced. The primary lesson I
learned in my life is, “Things would come around if you’re patient.” My best friend and I started
a business more than 10 years ago. We created a digital marketing platform and started believing
that it would become an instant success. Again we made an e-book and had affiliates on
Instagram. Everything was planned out and accordingly executed. But the plan never worked
out. We are unable to sell one book. We failed miserably, but we didn’t give up. Moreover,
money was a big constraint for us. Sometimes a difficult experience shall impart practical
knowledge. One should not forget the lessons it imparted. But we keep on working and finally,
we made it. The feeling of joy is immense and we could not control in expressing our joy. Our
dreams are materialized because we keep on working. Don’t get the impression that this is all
there is. I’m aware that there is a lot more we can do to grow and scale our business. Right now
we are in the position that we can support ourselves with the business, but we have to expand
more, and I’m confident that will do. We may fail in the process of materializing our dreams but
our efforts shall be continued and they bestow us success. After all, we didn’t give up then we
won’t give up now. You ought not to stop efforts pursuing efforts. One might not be negative in
his hopes and aspirations.

Original #1: Because I was successful the first time, I decided to try to grow flowers in my garden
again.

Reduction #1: Being successful the first time, I decided to try to grow corn in my garden again.

1. After the group sang two melodies, the performers did a drama.
2. Before he sent e-mail, he checked grammar and structures.
3. When she is performing her chores at home in morning, Sunitha takes her eldest child to
school in the morning.
4. After singing two melodies, the charmers did a dance.
5. Before answering the phone, he took the pencil and notepad. 
6. Upon performing chores at home, Sunitha takes her eldest child to school in the morning.
7. Although he was hurt, Raghu tried to smile.
8. In spite of the fact that she works long hours, Sunitha spends a lot of time with her family.
9. While I was in Italy I went to see Alessandro
10. Although hurt, Raghu managed to smile.
11. In spite of working long hours, Sunitha spends a lot of time with her family. 
12. While away in Italy, I went to see Alessandro.
13. Because she had always been interested in dramas, Rajani became an avid supporter of
the theatre.
14. Though he was handsome, he wasn't very popular.
15. Though he was rich, he wasn't happy.
16. Having always been interested in dramas, Rajani became an avid supporter of the theatre.
17. In spite of being handsome, he wasn't very popular.
18. Despite being rich, he wasn't happy.
19. After he finished the work, he took some rest.
20. After finishing the work, he took some rest.