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*Since the plastic breathes, please do not use in an atmosphere that contains silicone.
OPERATIONAL FUNCTION
1. Single Side Stable Type 2. 1 Coil Latching Type 3. 2 Coil Latching Type
Relay which turns on when the coil is Relay with latching construction that can Relay with latching construction
energized and turns off when de- maintain the on or off state with a pulse composed of 2 coils: set coil and reset
energized. input. With one coil, the relay is set or coil. The relay is set or reset by
reset by applying signals of opposite alternately applying pulse signals of the
polarities. same polarity.
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_090712D 1
Configuration and Construction
4. Operation Indication
Indicates the set and reset states either
electrically or mechanically for easy
maintenance. An LED type (HC relay with
LED) is available.
TERMINAL CONFIGURATION
PC board through hole PC board self-clinching
Type Plug-in terminal Quick connect terminal Screw terminal
terminal terminal
Typical relay
Terminal
configuration
Typical relay
GQ(AGQ), TX, DS relay TQ relay HJ, HN relay LE, LF, JM relay HE, EP relay
type
Note:
A plug-in solder dual type (HG relay) is
also available.
MOUNTING METHOD
Type Insertion mount Socket mount Terminal socket mount TM type TMP type
Mounting
configuration Terminal
Socket socket
2 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_090712D
Definition of Relay Terminology
or or
+ —
— + — — — +
A black coil represents the energized 4. Nominal Operating Power As the voltage on an unoperated relay is
state. For latching relays, schematic The value of power used by the coil at increased, the value at or below which all
diagrams generally show the coil in its nominal voltage. For DC coils expressed contacts must function (transfer).
reset state. Therefore, the coil symbol is in watts; AC expressed as volt amperes. 7. Drop-Out Voltage
also shown for the reset coil in its reset Nominal Power (W or VA) = Nominal
state. (Release or Must Release Voltage)
Voltage Nominal Current.
As the voltage on an operated relay is
2. Nominal Coil Voltage 5. Coil Resistance decreased, the value at or above which
(Rated Coil Voltage) This is the DC resistance of the coil in DC all contacts must revert to their
A single value (or narrow range) of type relays for the temperature conditions unoperated position.
source voltage intended by design to be listed in the catalog. (Note that for certain
8. Maximum Continuous Voltage
applied to the coil or input. types of relays, the DC resistance may
be for temperatures other than the The maximum voltage that can be
3. Nominal Operating Current standard 20C 68F.) applied continuously to the coil without
The value of current flow in the coil when causing damage. Short duration spikes of
6. Pick-Up Voltage a higher voltage may be tolerable, but
nominal voltage is impressed on the coil.
(Pull-In Voltage or Must Operate Voltage) this should not be assumed without first
checking with the manufacturer.
❇ switching
Form A contacts are also called N.O. The maximum current which can safely 100V
power
contacts or make contacts. be switched by the contacts. AC and DC
Form B contacts are also called N.C. current maximums may differ.
contacts or break contacts. 10V
7. Maximum Switching Power
Form C contacts are also called
changeover contacts or transfer contacts. The upper limit of power which can be
switched by the contacts. Care should be
10mV
3. MBB Contacts taken not to exceed this value. 10µA 10mA 1A
DC current
Abbreviation for make-before-break 8. Maximum Switching Capacity
contacts. Contact mechanism where Example: Using TX relay at a switching
Form A contacts (normally open This is listed in the data column for each
type of relay as the maximum value of the voltage of 60V DC, the maximum
contacts) close before Form B contacts switching current is 1A.
open (normally closed contacts). contact capacity and is an
interrelationship of the maximum (*Maximum switching capacity is given
4. Rated Switching Power switching power, maximum switching for a resistive load. Be sure to carefully
The design value in watts (DC) or volt voltage, and maximum switching current. check the actual load before use.)
amperes (AC) which can safely be The switching current and switching
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_090712D 3
Definition of Relay Terminology
9. Minimum switching capability voltage-drop method as shown below. In general, for relays with a contact rating
This value is a guideline as to the lowest The measuring currents are designated. of 1A or more, measure using the
possible level at which it will be possible voltage-drop method at 1A 6V DC.
for a low level load to allow switching. V
11. Maximum Carrying Current
The level of reliability of this value
The maximum current which after closing
depends on switching frequency, ambient Measured contact or prior to opening, the contacts can
conditions, change in the desired contact
R safely pass without being subject to
resistance, and the absolute value. Power
A
source temperature rise in excess of their design
Please use a relay with AgPd contacts if (AC or DC) limit, or the design limit of other
your needs analog low level loads,
A : : Ammeter V : Voltmeter R : Variable resistor temperature sensitive components in the
control, or a contact resistance of 100
relay (coil, springs, insulation, etc.). This
m or less. Test Currents value is usually in excess of the
We recommend that you verify with one Rated Contact Current or Test Current maximum switching current.
of our sales offices regarding usage. Switching Current (A) (mA)
Less than 0.01 1 12. Capacitance
10. Contact Resistance
0.01 or more and less than 0.1 10 This value is measured between the
This value is the combined resistance of 0.1 or more and less than 1 100 terminals at 1kHz and 20C 68°F.
the resistance when the contacts are
1 or more 1,000
touching each other, the resistance of the
terminals and contact spring. The contact The resistance can be measured with
resistance is measured using the reasonable accuracy on a
YHP 4328A milliohmmeter.
ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE
1. Insulation Resistance is usually specified, indicating rise time, 5. Release Time (Reset Time)
The resistance value between all peak value and fall time. The elapsed time from the initial removal
mutually isolated conducting sections of of coil power until the reclosure of the
Surge breakdown voltage, %
100
the relay, i.e. between coil and contacts, 90
Form B (normally closed) contacts (last
across open contacts and between coil or contact with multi-pole). This time does
contacts to any core or frame at ground Peak value
not include any bounce time.
potential. This value is usually expressed 50
6. Contact Bounce (Time)
as “initial insulation resistance” and may
30
decrease with time, due to material Generally expressed in time (ms), this
degradation and the accumulation of 0 refers to the intermittent switching
0 1.2 50
contaminants. Time, µs
phenomenon of the contacts which
occurs due to the collision between the
• Between coil and contacts 4. Operate Time (Set Time) movable metal parts or contacts, when
• Between open contacts The elapsed time from the initial the relay is operated or released.
• Between contact sets application of power to the coil, until the
• Between set coil and reset coil closure of the Form A (normally open)
contacts. (With multiple pole devices the
2. Breakdown Voltage time until the last contact closes.) This
(Hi-Pot or Dielectric Strength) time does not include any bounce time.
The maximum voltage which can be Coil ON
tolerated by the relay without damage for voltage OFF
duration. Form B ON
contact
OFF
3. Surge Breakdown Voltage Release time
4 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_090712D
Definition of Relay Terminology
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND LIFE
1. Shock Resistance 2) Destructive life or electrical life under repeated
The vibration which can be withstood by operations by applying a pulse train at
1) Functional
the relay during shipping, installation or the rated voltage to the operating coil.
The acceleration which can be tolerated
use without it suffering damage, and 6. Life Curve
by the relay during service without
without causing a change in its operating
causing the closed contacts to open for This is listed in the data column for each
characteristics. Expressed as an
more than the specified time. type of relay. The life (number of
acceleration in G’s or displacement, and
(usually 10 s) operations) can be estimated from the
frequency range. However, test was
switching voltage and switching current.
2) Destructive performed a total of six hours, two hours
For example, for a DS relay operating at:
The acceleration which can be withstood each in three-axis directions.
Switching voltage = 125V AC
by the relay during shipping or installation 2 3
without it suffering damage, and without Switching current = 0.6A
causing a change in its operating The life expectancy is 300,000
characteristics. Usually expressed in 1 operations. However, this value is for a
“G”s. However, test was performed a total resistive load. Be sure to carefully check
of 18 times, six times each in three-axis the actual load before use.
directions.
Life Curve
2 3
3. Mechanical Life 1.000
The minimum number of times the relay
can be operated under nominal
1 30V DC resistance load
conditions (coil voltage, temperature,
Life (x 104)
100
humidity, etc.) with no load on the
contacts.
125V AC resistance load
2. Vibration Resistance 4. Electrical Life 10
The minimum number of times the relay
1) Functional
can be operated under nominal
The vibration which can be tolerated by conditions with a specific load being
the relay during service, without causing switched by the contacts. 1 2
the closed contacts to open for more than Current (A)
the specified time. 5. Maximum Switching Frequency
This refers to the maximum switching
frequency which satisfies the mechanical
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_090712D 5
General Application Guidelines
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• Use that exceeds the specification maintaining, or troubleshooting a relay warned that an incorrect connection
ranges such as the coil rating, contact (including connecting parts such as may lead to unexpected operation
rating and switching life should be terminals and sockets) be sure that the error, abnormal heating, and fire.
absolutely avoided. Doing so may lead power is turned off. • If the possibility exists that faulty
to abnormal heating, smoke, and fire. • When connecting terminals, please adhesion or contact could endanger
• Never touch live parts when power is follow the internal connection diagrams assets or human life, take double
applied to the relay. Doing so may in the catalog to ensure that safety precautions and make sure that
cause electrical shock. When installing, connections are done correctly. Be operation is foolproof.
6 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
General Application Guidelines
BASICS ON RELAY HANDLING
• To maintain initial performance, care applies to plastic sealed type relays, • Do not exceed the usable ambient
should be taken to avoid dropping or too.) temperature values listed in the
hitting the relay. • Care should be taken to observe catalog.
• Under normal use, the relay is correct coil polarity (+, –) for polarized • Use the flux-resistant type or sealed
designed so that the case will not relays. type if automatic soldering is to be
detach. To maintain initial • Proper usage requires that the rated used.
performance, the case should not be voltage be impressed on the coil. Use • Use alcohol based cleaning solvents
removed. Relay characteristics cannot rectangular waves for DC coils and when cleaning is to be performed using
be guaranteed if the case is removed. sine waves for AC coils. a sealed type relay. Avoid ultrasonic
• Use of the relay in an atmosphere at • Be sure the coil impressed voltage cleaning of all types of relays.
standard temperature and humidity does not continuously exceed the • As a guide, use a Faston mounting
with minimal amounts of dust, SO2, maximum allowable voltage. pressure of 40 to 70N {4 to 7kgf} for
H2S, or organic gases is relays with tab terminals.
• The rated switching power and life are
recommended.
given only as guides. The physical • Avoid bending terminals, because it
For installation in adverse
phenomena at the contacts and may cause malfunction.
environments, one of the sealed types
contact life greatly vary depending on • For proper use, read the main text for
should be considered.
the type of load and the operating details.
Please avoid the use of silicone-based
conditions. Therefore, be sure to
resins near the relay, because doing so
carefully check the type of load and
may result in contact failure. (This
operating conditions before use.
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 7
General Application Guidelines
2. Power Source for Coil Input Figure 1 shows an example of waveform survey of the voltage situation should be
• Energizing voltage of AC coil distortion. made using a synchroscope or similar
If the power source for the relay means, and the necessary counter-
In order to have stable operation of the
operating circuit is connected to the same measures should be taken, and together
relay, the energizing voltage should be
line as motors, solenoids, transformers, with this determine whether a special
basically within the range of +10%/-15%
and other loads, when these loads relay with suitable excitation
of the rated voltage. However, it is
operate, the line voltage drops, and characteristics should be used, or make a
necessary that the waveform of the
because of this the relay contacts suffer change in the DC circuit as shown in
voltage impressed on the coil be a sine
the effect of vibration and subsequent Figure 2 in which a capacitor is inserted
wave. There is no problem if the power
burn damage. In particular, if a small type to absorb the voltage fluctuations.
source is commercially provided power,
but when a stabilized AC power source is transformer is used and its capacity has In particular, when a magnetic switch is
used, there is a waveform distortion due no margin of safety, when there is long being used, because the load becomes
to that equipment, and there is the wiring, or in the case of household used like that of a motor, depending upon the
possibility of abnormal overheating. By or small sales shop use where the wiring application, separation of the operating
means of a shading coil for the AC coil, is slender, it is necessary to take circuit and power circuit should be tried
humming is stopped, but with a distorted precautions because of the normal and investigated.
waveform, that function is not displayed. voltage fluctuations combined with these
other factors. When trouble develops, a
T
Switch
100V AC
• Power source for DC input • It is desirable to have less than a 5% applied to the coil at the actual load.
We recommend that the voltage applied ripple for the reed type relay.
to both ends of the coil in DC type relays • For the hinge type relay, a half wave
be within 5% of the rated coil voltage. rectifier cannot be used, alone unless
As a power source for the DC type relay, you use a smoothing capacitor. The
ripple and the characteristics must be
Load
8 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
General Application Guidelines
.
~
R Relay
Smoothing capacitor
Ripple portion
Emean. DC portion
EmLQ. EmD[.
Time
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 9
General Application Guidelines
Figure 5 shows an example of stray sometimes not be restored to the drop simple by means of a diode to prevent
circuits. In Figure 5 (a), with contacts A, out condition. stray circuits, proper application should
B, and C closed, after relays R1, R2, and The connections shown in Figure 5 (b) be made.
R3 operate, if contacts B and C open, are correctly made. In addition, with
there is a series circuit through A, R1, R2, regard to the DC circuit, because it is
and R3, and the relays will hum and
A B C D
R1 R2 R3 A B
R1 R2 R3
C
C R1 e C R2 R1b
R1a
Load
Ry
Load
voltage
Load
Vin. voltage
Vin.
Figure 7
be given to the following points. Figure 9 Judgement: Good • In the case of relays provided with a
• The + side of the power source should ground terminal, when the ground
- When a grounding is not required,
be connected to the chassis. (Refer to terminal is not considered effective, not
connect the ground terminal to the +
Figure 8) (Common to all relays) making a connection to ground plays
side of the coil. (Refer to Figure 10)
an important role as a method for
Bobbin (NF and NR with ground terminal)
– + preventing electrolytic corrosion.
– Relay coil Iron core
Switch
+
+ +
R (Insulation + Iron core Note: The designation on the drawing
resistance) Relay coil
Switch
–
Figure 8 Judgement: Good Bobbin
indicates the insertion of insulation
between the iron core and the chassis. In
• In the case where unavoidably the + Figure 10 Judgement: Good relays where a ground terminal is
side is grounded, or in the case where provided, the iron core can be grounded
grounding is not possible. • When the + side of the power source
directly to the chassis, but in
is grounded, always avoid interting the
consideration of electrolytic corrosion, it
contacts (and switches) in the + side.
is more expedient not to make the
connection.
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 11
General Application Guidelines
limited to resistive load, but there is a frequency, ambient conditions, change in important influence. For example, when
broad meaning indicated for that class of the desired contact resistance, and the the load is either a motor or a lamp, to the
relay, and ordinarily it is proper to think of absolute value. Please use relays with extent of the inrush current at the time of
current capacity as that for 125V AC AgPd contacts when minute analog load closing the circuit, wear of the contacts,
circuits. control or contact resistance no higher and the amount of contact transfer
Minimum applicable loads are given in than 100 m is desired (for measure- increase, and contact welding and
the catalog; however, these are only ment and wireless applications, etc.). contact transfer make contact separation
provided as a guide to the lower limit that • Current impossible.
the relay is able to switch and are not The current at both the closing and
guaranteed values. The level of reliability opening time of the contact circuit exerts
of these values depends on switching
3. Contact Protection
• Counter EMF contained in the air and causes black Figure 12 (b) at the instant the inductive
When switching inductive loads with a deposits (oxides, carbides) to develop on load is switched off. The counter emf
DC relay such as relay sequence circuits, the contacts. This may result in contact passes through the power supply line and
DC motors, DC clutches, and DC failure. reaches both contacts.
solenoids, it is always important to Generally, the critical dielectric
ON OFF
absorb surges (e.g. with a diode) to Peak voltage E breakdown voltage at standard
+ – meter 0
protect the contacts. temperature and pressure in air is about
– Several hundred
When these inductive loads are switched + to several 200 to 300 volts. Therefore, if the counter
E R e thousand volts
off, a counter emf of several hundred to – emf exceeds this, discharge occurs at the
di
several thousand volts develops which + e = –L dt contacts to dissipate the energy (1/2Li2)
can severely damage contacts and (a) (b) stored in the coil. For this reason, it is
greatly shorten life. If the current in these Figure 12 Example of counter emf and actual desirable to absorb the counter emf so
measurement that it is 200V or less.
loads is relatively small at around 1A or
less, the counter emf will cause the In Figure 12 (a), a counter emf (e = –L di/
ignition of a glow or arc discharge. The dt) with a steep waveform is generated
discharge decomposes organic matter across the coil with the polarity shown in
• Material transfer phenomenon lock as if they were welded together. This Contact protection circuits and contact
Material transfer of contacts occurs when often occurs in circuits where sparks are materials resistant to material transfer
one contact melts or boils and the contact produced at the moment the contacts such as AgSnO2, AgW or AgCu are used
material transfers to the other contact. As “make” such as when the DC current is as countermeasures. Generally, a
the number of switching operations large for DC inductive or capacitive loads concave formation appears on the
increases, uneven contact surfaces or when the inrush current is large cathode and a convex formation appears
develop such as those shown in Figure (several amperes or several tens of on the anode. For DC capacitive loads
13. After a while, the uneven contacts amperes). (several amperes to several tens of
12 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
General Application Guidelines
amperes), it is always necessary to
conduct actual confirmation tests.
• Contact protection circuit Use of contact protective devices or that incorrect use will result in an adverse
protection circuits can suppress the effect. Typical contact protection circuits
counter emf to a low level. However, note are given in the table below.
(G: Good, NG: No Good, C: Conditional)
Application
Circuit Features/Others Devices Selection
AC DC
Contact If the load is a timer, leakage current flows As a guide in selecting c and r,
through the CR circuit causing faulty c: 0.5 to 1F per 1A contact current
Inductive load
as joule heat at the resistance component the load current. In electronic circuits
Diode circuit NG G
Diode of the inductive load. This circuit further where the circuit voltages are not so high,
delays the release time compared to the a diode can be used with a reverse
CR circuit. (2 to 5 times the release time breakdown voltage of about 2 to 3 times
listed in the catalog) the power supply voltage.
Contact
Inductive load
No good Power
Load
Power C C
more difficult to switch than resistive No good supply supply
• Mounting the protective device • Abnormal corrosion during high switching. Therefore, care is required in
In the actual circuit, it is necessary to frequency switching of DC loads circuits where sparks are generated at a
locate the protective device (diode, (spark generation) high frequency.
resistor, capacitor, varistor, etc.) in the If, for example, a DC valve or clutch is
immediate vicinity of the load or contact. switched at a high frequency, a blue-
If located too far away, the effectiveness green corrosion may develop. This
of the protective device may diminish. As occurs from the reaction with nitrogen
a guide, the distance should be within and oxygen in the air when sparks (arc
50cm. discharge) are generated during
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 13
General Application Guidelines
4. Cautions on Use Related to Contacts
• Connection of load and contacts This prevents high voltages from a risk of shorting the power supply when
Connect the load to one side of the power developing between contacts. If contacts relatively close contacts short.
supply as shown in Figure 14 (a). are connected to both side of the power
Connect the contacts to the other side. supply as shown in Figure 14 (b), there is
Ry
E (a) E (b)
Ry
Ry Ry
Figure 14
• Dummy Resistor low, poor conduction is often the result. load to intentionally raise the load current
Since voltage levels at the contacts used One method to increase reliability is to reaching the contacts.
in low current circuits (dry circuits) are add a dummy resistor in parallel with the
• Avoid circuits where shorts occur 2) Even if the three N.C., N.O., and COM 3) A forward and reverse motor rotation
between Form A and B contacts contacts are connected so that they circuit using switching of form A and B
1) The clearance between form A and B short, a circuit must never be designed to contacts must never be designed.
contacts in compact control components allow the possibility of burning or
is small. The occurrence of shorts due to generating an overcurrent.
arcing must be assumed.
R1
Commercial AC power
Home AC generator
R1 Push-button
N.C. N.O.
switch
COM
Load
M
Load
R R Relay coil
R2
R2
1) R1, R2: Contacts for R 2) 3) R1,R2: Contacts for R
R: Double pole relay R: Double pole relay
14 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
General Application Guidelines
• Type of load and inrush current Particularly for loads with inrush currents, between typical loads and their inrush
The type of load and its inrush current measure the steady state and inrush currents.
characteristics, together with the current. Then select a relay which Also, verify the actual polarity used since,
switching frequency, are important provides an ample margin of safety. The depending on the relay, electrical life is
factors which cause contact welding. table on the right shows the relationship affected by the polarity of COM and NO.
Type of load Inrush current
Resistive load Steady state current
Solenoid load 10 to 20 times the steady state current
Motor load 5 to 10 times the steady state current
Incandescent lamp load 10 to 15 times the steady state current
Mercury lamp load Approx. 3 times the steady state current
Sodium vapor lamp load 1 to 3 times the steady state current
Capacitive load 20 to 40 times the steady state current
Transformer load 5 to 15 times the steady state current
i io
Contacts L
i io
i io
C
Incandescent lamp 3 to 5
minutes
The discharge tube, transformer, choke coil, (for high power factor type)
capacitor, etc., are combined in common 10 seconds
discharge lamp circuits. Note that the inrush or less
Approx. 1/3 second current may be 20 to 40 times, especially if
Inrush current/rated current: the power supply impedance is low in the
i/io] 10 to 15 times high power factor type.
(4) Motor Load i/iO approx. 5 to 10 times (5) Solenoid Load (6) Electromagnetic Contact Load (7) Capacitive Load
i/iO approx.10 to 20 times i/iO approx. 3 to 10 times i/iO approx. 20 to 40 times
i io
Free
Lock
Load
i io
i
i
Steady
0.2 to 0.5 second Starting state Braking
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 15
General Application Guidelines
[4] PRECAUTIONS REGARDING LATCHING RELAYS
• Latching relays are shipped from the • Avoid using the following circuit since Relay Type Terminal Nos.
factory in the reset state. A shock to the self-excitation at the contacts will inhibit 1c —
relay during shipping or installation the normal keep state
DS 2c 15 & 16
may cause it to change to the set state.
.
4c *
Therefore, it is recommended that the
Flat 5&6
relay be used in a circuit which NC
initializes the relay to the required state RLb RLa Slim 3&4
(set or reset) whenever the power is ST *
turned on. SP 2&4
Load
RL
RL: Latching relay Notes:
• Avoid impressing voltages to the set RLa: Form A contacts of RL 1. DS4c and ST relays are constructed so that
coil and reset coil at the same time. RLb: Form B contacts of RL
the set coil and reset coil are separated for
high insulation resistance.
• Connect a diode as shown since Bad example
2. DSP, TQ, S relays are not applicable due to
latching may be compromised when • Four-terminal latching relay
polarity.
the relay is used in the following • Two Coil Latch Induction Voltage
circuits. In the 2-coil latching type circuit as shown
below, one terminal at one end of the set Each coil in a 2-coil latch relay is wound
- If set coils or reset coils are to be with a set coil and a reset coil on the
coil and one terminal at one end of the
connected together in parallel, same iron cores. Accordingly, induction
reset coil are connected in common and
connect a diode in series to each voltage is generated on the reverse side
voltages of the same polarity are applied
coil. Figure 16 (a), (b) coil when voltage is applied and shut off
to the other side for the set and reset
- Also, if the set coil of a relay and the operations. In this type of circuit, short 2 to each coil. Although the amount of
reset coil of another relay are terminals of the relay as noted in the induction voltage is about the same as
connected in parallel, connect a table. This helps to keep the insulation the rated relay voltage, you must be
diode to the coils in series. Figure 16 high between the two winding. careful of the reverse bias voltage when
(c) driving transistors.
- If the set coil or reset coil is to be Set switch Reset switch
(a) Parallel connection of set coils (b) Parallel connection of reset coils
(+) (+)
S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3
Reset Reset
coil Reset coil coil Reset coil
(–) (–)
Diode connection Diode connection Diode connection Diode connection
(c) Parallel connection of set and reset coils (d) Circuit with inductive load in parallel with
(+) the set coil or reset coil
(+)
S1 S2 S3
S
Reset AC or
coil Reset coil Motor
DC Common relay
Set coil M coil
Set coil Set or
reset coil
(–)
(–)
Diode connection Diode connection
Diode connection
Figure 16
16 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
General Application Guidelines
[5] HANDLING CAUTIONS FOR TUBE PACKAGING
Some types of relays are supplied in tube
packaging. If you remove any relays from
Slide in the plug
the tube packaging, be sure to slide the
stop plug at one end to hold the
remaining relays firmly together so they Stop plug
would not move in the tube. Failing to do
this may lead to the appearance and/or
performance being damaged.
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 17
General Application Guidelines
• Storage for extended periods of time - Please use promptly once the anti- Panasonic affixes a cautionary label
(including transportation periods) at humidity pack is opened (Signal to the vacuum-sealed bag in which
high temperatures or high humidity relay: with in 3 days, Max. 30C the products are delivered.
levels or in atmospheres with organic 86°F/60%RH). If left with the pack
gases or sulfide gases may cause a open, the relay will absorb moisture - Note:
sulfide film or oxide film to form on the which will cause thermal stress when Please note that the products must
surfaces of the contacts and/or it may reflow mounting and thus cause the be mounted within the time limit
interfere with the functions. Check out case to expand. As a result, the seal specified on the bag. The time limit
the atmosphere in which the units are may break. given on the bag varies for the
to be stored and transported. - When storing for a long period after different kinds of surface-mount
• In terms of the packing format used, opening the anti-humidity pack, you terminal type products.
make every effort to keep the effects of must take measures to prevent 7. Vibration, Impact and Pressure
moisture, organic gases and sulfide humidity, for example, by storing in when Shipping
gases to the absolute minimum. the open location of a promptly re-
• Since the SMD type is sensitive to sealed anti-humidity pack after it is When shipping, if strong vibration, impact
humidity it is packaged with tightly used or in a humidity-controlled or heavy weight is applied to a device in
sealed anti-humidity packaging. desicator. You may also store it in an which a relay is installed, functional
However, when storing, please be anti-humidity bag to which silica gel damage may occur. Therefore, please
careful of the following: has been added. package in a way, using shock absorbing
- To avoid incorrect handling of our material, etc., so that the allowable range
moisture-sensitive products, for vibration and impact is not exceeded.
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 19
General Application Guidelines
[10]CAUTIONS FOR USE–CHECK LIST
Item To check
1) Is the correct rated voltage applied?
2) Is the applied coil voltage within the allowable continuous voltage limit?
3) Is the ripple in the coil voltage within the allowable level?
4) For voltage applied to a polarized coil, is polarity observed?
5) When hot start is required, is the increase in coil resistance resulting from coil temperature rise taken into account
in setting coil voltage?
Coil Drive Input
6) Is the coil voltage free from momentary drop caused by load current?
(Pay special attention for self-holding relays.)
7) Is supply voltage fluctuation taken into account when setting the rated coil voltage?
8) The relay status may become unstable if the coil voltage (current) is gradually increased or decreased.
Was the relay tested in a real circuit or with a real load?
9) When driving with transistors, did you consider voltage drops?
1) Is the load rated within the contact ratings?
2) Does the load exceed the contacts’ minimum switching capacity?
3) Special attention is required for contact welding when the load is a lamp, motor, solenoid, or electromagnetic
contractor. Was the relay tested with a real load?
4) A DC load may cause contact lock-up due to large contact transfer. Was the relay tested with a real load?
5) For an inductive load, is a surge absorber used across the contacts?
6) When an inductive load causes heavy arc discharge across the relay contacts, the contacts may be corroded by
chemical reaction with nitrogen in the atmosphere. Was the relay tested with a real load?
Load
(Relay contacts) 7) Platinum contacts may generate brown powder due to a catalyzer effect or vibration energy.
Was the relay tested with a real load?
8) Is the contact switching frequency below the specification?
9) When there are more than two sets of contacts (2T) in a relay, metallic powder shed from one set of contacts may
cause a contact failure on the other set (particularly for light loads). Was the relay tested in a real load?
10)A delay capacitor used across relay contacts may cause contact welding. Was the relay tested with a real load?
11)For an AC relay, a large contact bounce may cause contact welding. Was the relay tested in a real circuit or with a
real load?
12)A high voltage may be induced at transformer load. Was the relay tested with a real load?
1) Does circuit design take into account electrolytic corrosion of the coil?
2) Are transistors and other circuit components protected rom counter electromotive force that develops across the
relay coil?
3) Is the circuit designed so the relay coil is left deenergized while the relay is inactive for long period of time?
4) Is the relay operated within the ratings approved by the relevant international standard (if compliance is required)?
5) Is the circuit protected from malfunction when the relay’s activation and/or deactivation time varies considerably?
6) Is the circuit protected from malfunctions that might result from relay contact bounce?
7) Is the circuit protected from malfunction when a high-sensitivity latching type relay is to be used?
8) When there are two or more sets of contacts (2T) in a relay, arc discharges from load switching may cause short
Circuit Design circuits across the two or more sets of contacts. Is the circuit designed to suppress such arc discharges?
9) Item 8 above also requires special attention when loads are supplied from separate power sources.
10)Does the post-installation insulation distance comply with the requirement of the relevant international standard or
the Electrical Appliance and Material Control Law?
11)Is the circuit protected from malfunction when the relay is to be driven by transistors?
12)When the SCR is used for on/off control, the relay activation tends to synchronize with the line frequency, resulting
in an extremely shortened life. Was the relay tested in a real circuit or with a real load?
13)Does the PC board design take into account use of on-board relay?
14)RF signals may leak across relay’s open contacts. Check for adequate contact isolation and use RF relays as
needed
20 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
General Application Guidelines
Item To check
1) Is the ambient temperature in the allowable operating temperature range?
2) Is the humidity in the allowable humidity range?
3) Is the operating atmosphere free from organic and sulfide gases?
4) Is the operating atmosphere free from silicone gas? Depending on the load type, silicone gas may cause a black
substance to from on the contacts, leading to contact failure.
Storage and 4) Is the storing atmosphere free from organic and sulfide gases?
Transport 5) Is the storing atmosphere free from excessive airborne dust?
6) Is the relay protected from oil and water splashes?
7) Is the relay subject to the application of heavy weight?
8) When shipping does vibration and impact exceed the allowable range?
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 21
Reliability
RELIABILITY
[1] WHAT IS RELIABILITY?
1. Reliability in a Narrow Sense of the away or repair it. The reliability of 3. Intrinsic Reliability and Reliability
Term repairable products is recognized as of Use
In the industrial world, reliability is an “reliability in a broad sense of the term”. Reliability is “built” into products. This is
index of how long a particular product For repairable products, their referred to as intrinsic reliability which
serves without failure. serviceability or maintainability is another consists mainly of reliability in the narrow
problem. In addition, reliability of product sense.
2. Reliability in a Broad Sense of the design is becoming a serious concern for
Term Product reliability at the user’s site is
the manufacturing industry. In short,
called “reliability of use”, which consists
Every product has a finite service lifetime. reliability has three senses: i.e. reliability
mainly of reliability in the broad sense. In
This means that no product can continue of the product itself, serviceability of the
the relay industry, reliability of use has a
normal service infinitely. When a product product, and reliability of product design.
significance in aspects of servicing.
has broken down, the user may throw it
1. Reliability (narrow sense), durability
Long life time: MTTF, B10, R(T),
Reliability Low failure rate: Lamda (λ), MTBF
(broad sense) 2. Maintainability Availability
MTTR
Preventive maintenance, predicted
maintenance
3. Design reliability
Human factor, redundancy,
fool-proof, fail-safe
22 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
Reliability
5. Safe Life 1 – R(B) = t % represents a more practical value of
Safe life is an inverse of degree of In general, “B[1 – R(B)] = 10%” is more reliability than MTTF.
reliability. It is given as value B which often used. In some cases this
makes the following equation true:
[3] FAILURE
1. What is Failure? maintenance is effective for this type of Weibull distribution can be adopted to the
Failure is defined as a state of system, failure. The timing of a relay’s wear-out actual failure rate distribution if the three
equipment, or component in which part of failure can be predicted with a certain variables above are estimated.
all of its functions are impaired or lost. accuracy from the past record of uses.
The use of a relay is intended only in the
Failure rate
2. Bathtub Curve accidental failure period, and this period
m
Product’s failure rate throughout its virtually represents the service lifetime of
lifetime is depicted as a bathtub curve, as the relay.
63%
shown below. Failure rate is high at the
3. Weibull Analysis
beginning and end of its service lifetime.
Weibull analysis is often used for
(I) Initial failure period Time
classifying a product’s failure patterns
The high failure rate in the initial failure and to determine its lifetime. Weibull
period is derived from latent design distribution is expressed by the following
errors, process errors, and many other The Weibull probability chart is a simpler
equation:
causes. Initial failures are screened at alternative of complex calculation
manufacturer’s site through burn-in m
formulas. The chart provides the
f (x) = m
m –1
process. This process is called e– following advantages:
debugging, performing aging or • The Weibull distribution has the closest
screening. proximity to the actual lifetime
m : Figure parameter distribution.
(II) Accidental failure period
: Measurement parameter • The Weibull probability chart is easy to
The initial failure period is followed by a
long period with low, stable failure rate. In : Position parameter use.
this period, called accidental failure • Different types of failures can be
period, failures occurs at random along identified on the chart.
the time axis. While zero accidental The following describes the correlation
failure rate is desirable, this is actually with the bathtub curve. The value of the
not practical in the real world. figure parameter “m” represents the type
(III) Wear-out failure period of the failure.
In the final stage of the product’s service • When m < 1: Initial failures
lifetime comes the wear-out failure • When m = 1: Accidental failures
period, in which the life of the product
• When m > 1: Wear-out failures
expires due to wear of fatigue. Preventive
(I) ( II ) ( III )
Failure rate
m>1
m<1
m=1
Time
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 23
Applications of Relays in Electronic Circuits
R
Ry
Tr
Tr
R1 Tr
Ry
R2 Ry
2. Countermeasures for Surge the reverse blocking voltage should be somewhat higher than the supply
Breakdown Voltage of Relay about 3 times the value of the power voltage.
Control Transistor source voltage.
If the coil current is suddenly interrupted, Connection of a diode is an excellent way
a sudden high voltage pulse is developed to prevent voltage surges, but there will
Diode
in the coil. If this voltage exceeds the be a considerable time delay when the Ry
breakdown voltage of the transistor, the relay is open. If you need to reduce this
transistor will be degraded, and this will time delay you can connect between the
lead to damage. It is absolutely transistor’s collector and emitter a Zener
necessary to connect a diode in the diode that will make the Zener voltage Tr
circuit as a means of preventing damage
from the counter emf.
As suitable ratings for this diode, the
current should be equivalent to the Take care of the “Area of Safe Operation
(ASO)”
average rectified current to the coil, and
3. Snap Action Unlike the characteristic when voltage is the rated voltage in a short time and also
(Characteristic of relay with voltage rise impressed slowly on the relay coil, this is to drop the voltage in a short time.
and fall of voltage) the case where it is necessary to impress
IB
Ry
Tr Ic
IC
IB
ON
Ry
OFF
(No Good) Without snap action (Good) Snap action)
4. Schmidt Circuit (Snap Action When the input signal does not produce a Characteristic points
Circuit) snap action, ordinarily a Schmidt circuit is • The common emitter resistor RE must
(Wave rectifying circuit) used to produce safe snap action. have a value sufficiently small
24 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
Applications of Relays in Electronic Circuits
compared with the resistance of the Schmidt trigger circuit. (However, the
relay coil. response speed drops.)
• Due to the relay coil current, the
difference in the voltage at point P
when Tr2 is conducting and at point P R1 Ry
when Tr1 is conducting creates
hysteresis in the detection capability of Signal
R3 R2
Schmidt circuit, and care must be taken Tr1 Tr2
Ry Ry
Tr1
Tr1
Tr2 V CESAT = V CESAT =
About 0.7V Tr2 About 0.1V
GND
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 25
Applications of Relays in Electronic Circuits
[2] RELAY DRIVE BY MEANS OF SCR
1. Ordinary Drive Method 2. Caution points regarding ON/OFF • When the load for the temperature
For SCR drive, it is necessary to take control circuits control is a high current load such as a
particular care with regard to gate (When used for temperature or similar heater, the switching can occur only at
sensitivity and erroneous operation due control circuits) peak values and it can occur only at
to noise. zero phase values as a phenomenon of
When the relay contacts close
this type of control. (Depending upon
simultaneously with an AC single phase
the sensitivity and response speed of
power source, because the electrical life
the relay)
Ry R of the contacts suffers extreme
shortening, care is necessary. • Accordingly, either an extremely long
life or an extremely short life results
S • When the relay is turned ON and OFF
IGT C
with wide variation, and it is necessary
using a SCR, the SCR serves as a half
to take care with the initial device
wave power source as it is, and there
quality check.
are ample cases where the SCR is
RGK easily restored.
IGT : There is no problem even with more then 3 times • In this manner the relay operation and Ry
the related current.
RGK : 1K Ω must be connected. restoration timing are easily
R,C : This is for prevention of ignition error due to a synchronized with the power source
sudden rise in the power source or to noise. Ry
(dv/dt countermeasure) frequency, and the timing of the load S
Heater
[3] RELAY DRIVE FROM EXTERNAL CONTACTS
Relays for PC board use have high When the frequency of use is low, with
sensitivity and high speed response the delay in response time caused by a
characteristics, and because they condenser, it is possible to absorb the External contact
respond sufficiently to chattering and chattering and bouncing.
bouncing, it is necessary to take care in (However, it is not possible to use only a
their drive. condenser. A resistor should also be
Ry R
used with the capacitor.)
C
R2
Ry Ry
Ry
LED R1
26 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
Applications of Relays in Electronic Circuits
[5] ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DRIVE BY MEANS OF A RELAY
1. Chatterless Electronic Circuit
Notes: 1. The A, B, and C lines should be made as short as possible.
Even though a chatterless characteristic is
2. it is necessary that there be no noise from the coil section included into the contact section
a feature of relays, this is to the fullest
A
extent a chatterless electrical circuit, much Ry
the same as a mercury relay. To meet the
requirement for such circuits as the input to
N.O.
a binary counter, there is an electronic
chatterless method in which chattering is
absolutely not permissible. Even if N.C.
chattering develops on one side, either the
N.O. side contacts or the N.C. side Binary
contacts, the flip flop does not reverse, and C B counter
the counter circuit can be fed pulsed R-S-F.F
without a miss. (However, bouncing from
the N.O. side to N.C. side must be
absolutely avoided.)
2. Triac Drive
When an electronic circuit using a direct
drive from a triac, the electronic circuit will
not be isolated from the power circuit, and
because of this, troubles due to erroneous
L
operation and damage can develop easily.
The introduction of a relay drive is the most
economical and most effective solution. Ry
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 27
Applications of Relays in Electronic Circuits
2. Prevention of Voltage Drop Due to
Rush Current
In the circuit shown in Figure 19, rush Ry
current flows from the lamp or capacitor.
The instant the contacts close, the voltage C
drops and the relay releases or chatters.
In this case it is necessary to raise the Lamp
transformer's capacity or add a smoothing
circuit.
Figure 19
Figure 20 shows an example of the
modified circuit.
Figure 21 shows a battery-powered
version.
Ry
C
Lamp
Figure 20
Ry
Battery
M Motor
C
Figure 21
Diode bridge
CO A1
Co
B1
Constant Constant Electronic
B voltage
Tr Electronic voltage
B2 Tr circuit
circuit
Relay coil currents and electronic circuit Relay coil currents consist only of A1 and B1.
flow together trough A and B.
Electronic circuit currents consist only of A2 and
B2. A simple design consideration can change
the safety of the operation.
28 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
Applications of Relays in Electronic Circuits
The standard dimensions for the hole
diameter and land are shown in the table.
4. When it is necessary to use hand soldering for one part of a component after dip soldering has been done
By providing a narrow slot in the circular
part of the foil pattern, the slot will prevent
the hole from being plugged with solder.
0.3 to 0.5mm
.012 to 020 inch
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 29
Applications of Relays in Electronic Circuits
6. PC Board Reference Data
This data has been derived from samples the thinner the copper foil, the larger the relationship between the current and the
of this company’s products. Use this data temperature rise.) For example, too high conductor width for each rise in
as a reference when designing PC a rise in temperature causes degradation temperature for different copper foils. It is
boards. of the characteristic and color changes of also necessary to give consideration to
• Conductor width the laminate. In general, the allowable preventing abnormal currents from
current of the conductor is determined so exceeding the destruction current of the
The allowable current for the conductor
that the rise is temperature is less than conductor.
was determined from the safety aspect
10C. It is necessary to design the Figure 25 shows the relationship
and the effect on the performance of the
conductor width from this allowable between the conductor width and the
conductor due to the rise in saturation
conductor current. destruction current.
temperature when current is flowing.
Figure 22, Figure 23, Figure 24 show the
(The narrower the conductor width and
10 10 14
Copper foil Copper foil Copper foil
9 .018mm 9 .035mm 60°C 140°F 13 .070mm 60°C 140°F
.0007 inch .001 inch 12 .003 inch
8 8
11
40°C 104°F 40°C 104°F
7 7 10
60°C 140°F 9
Current, A
Current, A
6
Current, A
20°C 68°F 8
40°C 104°F 5 20°C 68°F
5 7
4 6
4 10°C 50°F 10°C 50°F
20°C 68°F 5
3 3
4
10°C 50°F
2 2 3
1 2
1
1
0 0 0
0 0.2 0.5 1.0 0 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0.008 .020 .039 0 .008 .020 .039 .059 .079 .098 .118 0 .020 .039 .059 .079 .098 .118
.059 .079 .098 .118
Conductor width, mm inch Conductor width, mm inch Conductor width, mm inch
30
.035 50 2.0 .079
.001
Resistance, mΩ
25 30
3.0 .118
20
20
.018 10
.0007
15 5
3
10
2
5
1
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0.5 1 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100 200
0 .020 .039 .059 .079 .098 .118 .197 .394 .787 1.181 1.969 3.937 7.874 11.811 19.685 39.37 78.74
Conductor width, mm inch Conductor length, cm inch
Figure 25 Figure 26
• Space between conductors standards, it is necessary to conform to Example of conductor spacing design
Figure 27 shows the relationship between the regulations. Maximum DC and
Minimum Conductor
the spacing between conductors and the 6.0 AC Voltage Between
Spacing (mm inch)
destruction voltage. This destruction Conductors (V)
voltage is not the destruction voltage of 5.0 0 to 50 0.381 .015
the PC board; it is the flash over voltage 51 to 150 0.635 .025
Destruction Voltage (kV)
4.0
(insulation breakdown voltage of the 151 to 300 1.27 .050
space between circuits.) Coating the 3.0 301 to 500 2.54 .100
surface of the conductor with an insulating Calculated at
resin such as a solder resist increases the 2.0 500 or more
0.00508 mm/V
flash over voltage, but because of the pin
1.0
holes of the solder resist, it is necessary to
consider the conductor destruction 0
voltage without the solder resist. In fact, it 0 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
0 .008 .020 .039 .079 .118 .157
is necessary to add an ample safety factor Conductor width mm inch
when determining the spacing between
Figure 27
conductors. Table shows an example of a
design for the spacing between
conductors. (Taken from the JIS C5010
standards.) However, when the product is
covered by the electrical products control
law, UL standards or other safety
30 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
Relay Soldering and Cleaning Guidelines
1. Mounting of relay
performance cannot be guaranteed if don’t rattle.) Interference may occur
the terminals are bent. Self-clinching internally if the gripping force of the tab
terminal types are available depending of the surface mounting machine is too
on the type of relay. great. This could impair relay
• Correctly drill the PC board according performance.
to the given PC board pattern
illustration.
• Stick packaging is also available for
automatic mounting, depending on the
• Avoid bending the terminals to make type of relay. (Be sure that the relays
the relay self-clinching. Relay Bad example
2. Flux application
• Adjust the position of the PC board so pressed down hard enough, flux may
that flux does not overflow onto the top even penetrate a flux-resistant type
of it. This must be observed especially relay.
for dust-cover type relays.
• Use rosin-based non-corrosive flux.
• If the PC board is pressed down into a
flux-soaked sponge as shown on the
right, the flux can easily penetrate a
dust-cover type relay. Never use this
method. Note that if the PC board is Bad example
3. Preheating
• Be sure to preheat before using • Preheat according to the following
automatic soldering. For dust-cover conditions.
type relays and flux-resistant type Temperature 120C 248F or less
relays, preheating acts to prevent the Time Within approx. 2 minutes
penetration of flux into the relay when
• Note that long exposure to high
soldering. Solderability also improves.
temperatures (e.g. due to a
malfunctioning unit) may affect relay
characteristics.
4. Soldering
• Automatic soldering degrade due to the high thermal
• Flow solder is the optimum method for capacity of these boards.
soldering. • Hand soldering
• Adjust the level of solder so that it does Keep the tip of the soldering iron clean.
not overflow onto the top of the PC Soldering Iron 30W to 60W
board. Iron Tip
350C 662F
• Unless otherwise specified, solder Temperature
under the following conditions Soldering Time Within approx. 3 seconds
depending on the type of relay.
Solder
260C5C 500F41F
temperature
Soldering time Within approx. 6 seconds
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 31
Relay Soldering and Cleaning Guidelines
5. Cooling
• Automatic soldering • Hand soldering
• Immediate air cooling is recommend to —
prevent deterioration of the relay and
surrounding parts due of soldering
heat.
• Although the environmentally sealed
type relay (plastic sealed type, etc.)
can be cleaned, avoid immersing the
relay into cold liquid (such as cleaning
solvent) immediately after soldering.
Doing so may deteriorate the sealing
performance.
6. Cleaning
• Do not clean dust-cover type relays chloroethene, thinner, benzyl alcohol,
and flux-resistant type relays by gasoline) may damage the relay case.
immersion. Even if only the bottom • Cleaning with the boiling method is
surface of the PC board is cleaned recommended. Avoid ultrasonic
(e.g. with a brush), careless cleaning cleaning on relays. Use of ultrasonic
may cause cleaning solvent to cleaning may cause breaks in the coil
penetrate the relay. or slight sticking of the contacts due to
• Plastic sealed type relays can be the ultrasonic energy.
cleaned by immersion. Use a Freon- or • Do not cut the terminals. When
alcohol-based cleaning solvent. Use of terminals are cut, breaking of coil wire
other cleaning solvents (e.g. Trichlene, and slight sticking of the contacts may
occur due to vibration of the cutter.
7. Coating
• If the PC board is to be coated to coating material. The solder may peel
prevent the insulation of the PC board off from thermal stress.
from deteriorating due to corrosive • Depending on the type, some coating
gases and high temperatures, note the materials may have an adverse affect
following. on relays. Furthermore, solvents (e.g.
• Do not coat dust-cover type relays and xylene, toluene, MEK, I.P.A.) may
flux-resistant type relays, since the damage the case or chemically
coating material may penetrate the dissolve the epoxy and break the seal.
relay and cause contact failure. Or, Select coating materials carefully.
mount the relay after coating. • If the relay and all components (e.g.
• If the relay and all components (e.g. ICs) are to be coated, be sure to
ICs) are to be coated, be sure to carefully check the flexibility of the
carefully check the flexibility of the coating material. The solder may peel
off from thermal stress.
Suitability
Type Features
for Relays
• Good electrical insulation.
Epoxy-base Good
• Although slightly difficult to apply, does not affect relay contacts.
• Good electrical insulation, easy to apply.
Urethane-base Care
• Solvent may damage case. Check before use.
• Silicone gas becomes the cause of contact failure.
Silicone-base No Good
Do not use the silicone-base type.
32 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
SMT Soldering Guidelines
• For small, lightweight components • Our SMT relays are supplied in stick
2. Relay Installation
such as chip components, a self- packaging compatible with automatic
alignment effect can be expected if placement processes. We also offer
small placement errors exist. However, tape packaging at customer request.
this effect is not as expected for Holding Pressure
electro-mechanical components such Direction A: Less than 9.8 N (less than 1,000 gf)
Direction B: Less than 9.8 N (less than 1,000 gf)
as relays, and they require precise Direction C: Less than 9.8 N (less than 1,000 gf)
positioning on their soldering pads. A
C B
34 ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D
SMT Soldering Guidelines
• The surface mount relays are solvent
4. Cleaning washable. Use alcohol or an equivalent
solvent for cleaning.
• Boiled cleaning is approved for surface
mount relays. Ultrasonic cleaning may
cause coil damage or light contact
sticking.
ds_x61_en_relay_technical_information_091112D 35