INTRODUCTION

Design of micro-hydro powerplants has been thoroughly studied and applied by

various groups worldwide in the recent years due to its advantages and merits of its
better performance than the prominent fossil fuels to meet the energy needs in
different fields of applications. The improvements of hydro power will drastically
decrease the emission of greenhouse gas and provide better malleability in the grid
operations in consideration of portfolio of energy. A form of renewable energy from
a clean source and efficient are both the distinct characteristic of micro-hydro-
electric power. Utilizing the kinetic energy found in flowing rivers and does not need
fossil fuels to operate which has harmful pollution emissions. This is an excellent
method of harnessing renewable energy from small rivers or any flowing body of
water. The micro-hydro design project will be a run-of-river type because it does not
require large dams or reservoirs thus can be built with lesser expense providing little
to no reservoir designs. The water will be running directly to the turbine and flow it
back to the stream or river. A turbine will provide energy by converting the kinetic
energy of water using a rotary shaft driver, its hydro turbine will be selected
depending on the characteristics and head of flow available. Running speed of the
generator or other devices along with the turbine will play a vital role in this
selection process. Other conditions such as weather will be considered as well,
turbine is expected to produce power under part-low conditions. Power-speed
characteristics of all turbines that will tend to run efficiently at a particular speed,
head and flow combination. The turbine type choice depends mainly on the site
head and flow rate. The turbine power and speed were directly proportional with
the site head, but there were specific points for maximum turbine power and speed
with variation of the site water flow rate (Nasir,2014)
There is very minimal environmental impact on the local ecosystem by utilizing
micro power plant. This systems are mostly setup on locations capable of 100
kilowatts of electricity production. This power can supply sufficiently for home or
small business facilities. The “head” and “flow” are calculated for its production
range. Higher value of each, the higher power will be available. Small-scale hydro
schemes can bring electricity for the first time to whole communities in remote
areas. This can provide lighting, TV and communications for households, clinics,
community buildings and schools. Electrical power generated are sufficient enough
to operate machinery and refrigerators which are primary tools for homes and even
small businesses.
 OBJECTIVES

The main objective of designing a Hydro Power Plant is to meet the power demand
of Davao City and to provide technicalities of know-how and policy that supports the
local community with their cooperation and participation in using alternative energy
such as solar energy in rural areas that is far from the national grid. This is to get
more number of electric powered villages and to generate more electricity from
renewable energy sources with great effort.
To sustain shelf-life in satisfactory level the following conditions must be followed:

i. Recreation
ii. Transportation
iii. Employment
iv. Inland Fisheries
v. Aids flood control
vi. Aids in irrigation facilities
vii. Aids in electricity generation
 COST ANALYSIS

Design I

OPERATING COST

Manpower Php 2,937,800.00

Maintenance Cost Php 1,000,000.00

Total Operating Cost Php 3,937,800.00

INVESTMENTS

Property Php 4,000,000.00

Structure Php 4,500,000.00

Labor Cost Php 2,000,000.00

Cement Php 600,000.00

Sand Php 300,000.00

Stone Php 250,000.00

Consultants Php 400,000.00

Specialist Php 500,000.00

Contractors Php 750,000.00

Heavy Equipment & Machineries Php 1,500,000.00

Turbine Php 1,000,000.00

Generator Php 1,500,000.00

Piping Php 250,000.00

Wirings Php 200,000.00

Electrical Control Php 750,000.00

TOTAL COST Php 18,500,000.00

Design II
OPERATING COST

Manpower Php 3,000,000.00

Maintenance Cost Php 1,500,000.00

Total Operating Cost Php 4,500,000.00

INVESTMENTS

Property Php 4,000,000.00

Structure Php 4,500,000.00

Labor Cost Php 2,000,000.00

Cement Php 600,000.00

Sand Php 300,000.00

Stone Php 250,000.00

Consultants Php 400,000.00

Specialist Php 500,000.00

Contractors Php 750,000.00

Heavy Equipment & Machineries Php 1,500,000.00

Turbine Php 1,000,000.00

Generator Php 1,500,000.00

Piping Php 250,000.00

Wirings Php 200,000.00

Electrical Control Php 750,000.00

TOTAL COST Php 18,500,000.00

CONCLUSION

According to all the data presented in the previous pages and after a thorough
consensus of ideas, the researchers selected the most viable design considering
factors like efficiency, budget, return of investment and sustainability of the
designed infrastructure. There are supporting computations provided to support this
selection. The computations present the total operating cost and investment cost of
Php 3.9 million and Php 18.5 million respectively; a payback period of an
approximate duration of only about one (1) year providing an efficiency of ninety
percent (90%). These data are regarded as above average for a power plant of such
capacity, in its distinct field compared to the later.

RECOMMENDATION

In the operation phase of micro-hydropower projects, compliance with relevant

regulations, permit conditions and negotiated agreements needs to be ensured and
adequate monitoring is conducted. Therefore, to avoid delays and technical issues
we recommend to conduct procurement and construction in line with good practices
and planned mitigation measures. It is important that both procurements and
construction works are planned and executed in a way that supports the
achievement of project deadlines, guarantees quality and ensures that project costs
remain within the planned budget. And also improvements in project permits
system and spatial planning are recommended to contribute to sustainable micro-
hydropower utilization. Since; spatial plans are often developed to accommodate
potential investors’ interests and maximize profits rather than to ensure sustainable
use of natural resources. This has also proven true in the case of detailed spatial
plans developed for areas where specific micro-hydropower projects were/are
planned.

REFERENCES

 Proceedings of the EU Common Implementation Strategy workshops: 2007

Workshop on WFD & Hydropower and 2011 Workshop on Water Management,
 Water Framework Directive & Hydropower; Arcadis (2011), “Hydropower
generation in the Context of the EU WFD”; DASHI Working Group materials)
 IHA (2010), “The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol”; WWF
recommendations)
 Proceedings (2010) of the Workshop on Biodiversity and Water: Links between
EU Nature and Water Legislation, Brussels, 17-18 June 2010; the workshop was
organised under the auspices of the WFD Common Implementation Strategy and
supported by the Biodiversity Strategic Coordination Group
 Zeleňáková, M., Fijko, R., Diaconu, D., & Remeňáková, I. (2018). Environmental
Impact of Small Hydro Power Plant—A Case Study. Environments, 5(1), 12.
doi:10.3390/environments5010012 
 Nicaragua: Policy Strategy for the Promotion of Renewable Energy: Situation and
Perspective of Hydroelectric Generation (2006)
 WWF (2011), Rivers for Life: The Case for Conservation Priorities in the Face
of Water Infrastructure Development
 Euro Hydro Power (Asia) to launch pre-feasibility study for 5-MW HPP in
Philippines (2012)
 Hydroreview.com/2017/05/04/operations-begin-at-5-mw-siti-1-small-
hydropower-plant-in-uganda/
 Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series (2012)
 International Hydropower Association (2010), The Hydropower Sustainability
Assessment Protocol

APPENDICES

COST ANALYSIS
Computations:
Annual Manpower: 30 persons x Php 340 x 24 days x 12 months
= Php 2,937,600.00
Annual Supply: 5,000 kW x 8760 = 43,800,000 kWh
Working Years = Total Investment x Expected Life Span
= Php 18,500,000.00 x 5 years
= Php 92,500,000.00
Price per kWh:
Annual Income:
Monthly Income: Php 20,739,618.35/year x 1 year/12 months
= Php 1,728,301.53 per month
Net Income = Php 20,739,618.35 – 1,968,800.00
= Php 18,770,818.35
Tax = Net Income x Corporate Tax = Php 18,770,818.35 x 10%
= Php 1,877,081.035 per year
Net Savings = Net Income – Tax
= 18,770,818.35- 1,877,081.035
= Php 16,893,737.32 per year
Rate of Return = Net Savings / Investments
= 16,893,737.32 / 22,437,800.00
= 75.29 %
Payback Period = Investments/ Net Savings
= 18,500,000 / 16,893,737.32.00
= 1.1 years