QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

Design is a word which means a plan or something that is

conceptualized by the mind.
A design in the field of research serves as a blueprint or skeletal framework
of your research.
A choice of your research design requires you to finalize your mind on the:
1. Purpose
2. Philosophical basis
3. Types of data of you research.
4. Method of collecting data
5. Analyzing
6. Interpreting
7. Presenting the data
FIVE RESEARCH DESIGN IN A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
1. Case Study – to describe a person, a thing, or any creature on Earth for the
purpose of explaining the reasons behind the nature of existence.
Your method of collecting data for this qualitative research design are:
1. Interview
2. Observation
3. Questionnaire
2. Ethnography – involves a study of a certain cultural group or organization in
which you the researchers to obtain knowledge about the characteristics,
organizational set up, and relationships of the group members, must necessarily
involve you in their group activities.
Ethnography requires your actual participation in the group members’
activities while case study treats you, the researcher, as an outsider who’s as an
outsider whose role is just to observe the group.
3. Historical Analysis – tells you the right research method to determine the
reasons for changes or permanence of things in the physical world in a certain
period (i.e years, decades, or centuries)
The scope and or coverage of historical study refers to the number of years
covered.
Example title:
1. A Five-Year Study of the Impact of K-12 Curriculum on the Philippine
Employment System
2. The Rise and Fall of the Twenty-Year Reign of Former Philippine
President, Ferdinand E. Marcos
3. Filipino-Student Activism from the Spanish Era to the Contemporary
Period.
The data collecting techniques for a study following a historical research
design are:
1. Biography or autobiography reading
 2. Documentary analysis
3. Chronicling activities.
4. Phenomenology – A phenomenon is something you experience on Earth as a
person. It is a sensory experience that makes you perceive or understand
things that naturally occur in your life such as:
1. Death
2. Joy
3. Friendship
4. Caregiving
5. Defeat
6. Victory
This qualitative research design makes you follow a research method that
will let you understand the ways of how people go through inevitable events in
their life.
This research design in useful to people such as:
1. Teachers
2. Nurses
3. Guidance Counselors
5. Grounded Theory – A research study adhering to a grounded theory
design aims at developing a theory to increase your understanding of something in
a psycho-social context.
Collecting data based on this qualitative research design called grounded
theory is through formal, informal, or semi-structured interview, as well as analysis
of written works, notes, phone calls, meeting proceedings, and trainings sessions.
(Picardie 2014)
SAMPLING
SAMPLING – is a word that refers to your method or process of selecting
respondents or people to answer questions meant to yield data for research study.
POPULATION – The bigger group where you choose the sample.
SAMPLING FRAME – is the term used to mean the list of the member of
such population from where you will get the sample. (Paris 20130)
HISTORY OF SAMPLING
The beginning of sampling could be traced back at the early political
activities of the Americans in 1920 when Literary Digest dis a pioneering survey
about the American citizens’ favorite among the 1920 presidential candidates.
They categorized this sampling into two classes:
1. Probability or the unbiased sampling; and
2. Non-probability sampling.

Probability Sampling or Unbiased Sampling

Involves all the members listed in the sampling frame representing a certain
population focused on by your study.
 Sampling Error – crops up if the selection does not take place in the way it is
planned. Such sampling error is manifested by strong dissimilarity between the
sample and the one listed in the sampling frame.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
1. Simple Random Sampling– It is the best type of probability sampling
through which you can choose sample from the population. Using a pure-chance
selection, you assure every member the same opportunity to be in the sample.
Simple sampling happens through any of these two methods:
A. Have a list of members of the population; write each name on card and
choose cards through a pure-chance selection.
B. Have a list of all members; give a number to member and then use
randomized or unordered numbers in selecting names for the list.
2. Systematic Sampling – For this kind of probability sampling, chance and
system are the ones to determine who should compose the sample.
3. Stratified Sampling – The group comprising the sample is chosen in a way
that such group is liable to subdivision during the data analysis. A study needing
grouping – by – group analysis finds stratified sampling the right probability
sampling to use.
4. Cluster Sampling – This is a probability sampling that makes you isolate a
set of persons instead of individual members to serve as a sample members.
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Disregards random selection of subjects. The subjects are chosen based on
their availability or the purpose of the study, and in some cases, on the sole
discretion of the researcher.
TYPES OF NON -PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
1. Quota Sampling – In this case you tend to choose sample members
possessing or indicating the characteristics of the target population.
2. Voluntary Sampling – Since the subjects you expect to participate in the
sample selection are the ones volunteering to constitute the sample, there is no
need for you to do any selection process.
3. Purposive or Judgemental Sampling – You choose people whom you are
sure could correspond to the objectives of your study, like selecting those with rich
experience or interest in your study.
4. Availability Sampling – The willingness of a person as your subject to
interact with you counts a lot in this non-probability sampling method.
5. Snowball Sampling – Dealing with varied groups of people such as street
children, mendicants, drug dependents, call center workers, informal settlers, street
vendors, and the like is possible in this kind of non-probability sampling.
Parts of Chapter III
Research Methodology
1. Research Method
2. Research Design
3. Research Locale
-Use image
4. Respondents of the study
5. Sampling Design
6. Research Instrument
7. Data Gathering Procedure
( respondents ‘approval )
8. Data analysis