Review Sheet: Unit 5 Name_________________

KEY

I. For each of the following statements, write “I” for ionic, “C” for covalent
and “M” for metallic.

____
C electrons are shared
____
M electrons delocalized
____
I electrons are transferred
____
I crystal lattice
____ luster
M
____
C nonconductors in the solid, molten, and dissolved state
____
M malleable and ductile
____
I high melting and boiling points
____ volatile liquids and gases
C
____
C weaker forces between atoms
____
I hard—difficult to crush

II. Fill in the blanks.

When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a(n) ____________

cation with a
____________
positive charge. When an atom gains an electron, it becomes a(n)
____________
anion with a ____________
negative charge.

In a polar covalent bond, the electrons are shared ____________.

unequally In a nonpolar
covalent bond, the electrons are shared ____________.
equally

A molecule consisting of only two atoms has a __________

linear shape. A molecule with
__________
two atoms bonded to the central atom with __________
zero unshared
pair(s) of electrons has a linear shape. A molecule with __________ atoms bonded
three
to the central atom with __________
zero unshared pair(s) of electrons has a trigonal
planar shape. A molecule with __________ atoms bonded to the central atom with
four
__________
zero unshared pair(s) of electrons has a tetrahedral shape. A molecule
with __________
two atoms bonded to the central atom with __________ two unshared
pair(s) of electrons has a bent shape. A molecule with __________ atoms bonded
three
to the central atom with __________
one unshared pair(s) of electrons has a trigonal
pyramidal shape.

CHEMISTRY: A Study of Matter

© 2004, GPB
5.24a
While bonding is the force of attraction WITHIN molecules,
________________________
intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction BETWEEN molecules.

The force present in all molecules that results from the movement of electrons is
called _____________________________________.
London-dispersion forces The force of attraction
between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another molecule
is ________________________.
dipole-dipole The special type of this force involving
hydrogen is called ________________________. This occurs when hydrogen is
hydrogen bonding
bonded to ________________,
fluorine ________________,
oxygen or ________________.
nitrogen

III. What type of bond will form between the following pairs of atoms?

Na and F N and O I and I

4.0 – 0.9 = 3.1 3.5 – 3.0 = 0.5 2.5 – 2.5 = 0.0
ionic polar covalent nonpolar covalent

Fe and Cl Br and I Ca and O

3.0 – 1.8 = 1.2 2.8 – 2.5 = 0.3 3.5 – 1.0 = 2.5
polar covalent nonpolar covalent ionic

IV. Draw Electron Dot Diagrams for the following elements.

magnesium iodine boron

• •• •

Mg • • I • B •
•
•• •

sulfur carbon krypton

•• • ••
• S •• • C • •
Kr ••
• •
• ••

CHEMISTRY: A Study of Matter

© 2004, GPB
5.24b
V. Draw Lewis Structures for the following molecules and polyatomic ions.

PCl3 CH4
H
•• •• ••
• |
•
Cl ! P ! Cl ••
•• •• H ! C ! H
|
• |
•
Cl ••
•• H

ClO21- NH2Cl
••

"• • • •• ••
%
1!
H ! N ! H
$ • O ! Cl O •• ' |
# •• •• •• & •
Cl ••
•
••

ONCl OH1-

•• •• •• 1!
• "• • • %
•
O = N Cl •• $• O ! H '
••
# • • &

SO32- SO3

2! •• ••
"• • • •• ••
% •
$• O ! S ! O •'
•
•
O = S ! O ••
$ • •
|
• • ' |
••

$ ' •
$
•
•
O •
• ' •
O ••
$# •• '& ••

C2H2 IBr

•• ••
H ! C " C ! H •
I ! Br ••
•
•• ••

NO21- SiO2

1'
!• • • •• ••
$ •• ••
#• O = N O •• & •
O = Si = O ••
" •• % •

CHEMISTRY: A Study of Matter

© 2004, GPB
5.24c
VI. Predict the shape each of the following molecules will form. (Hint: see
previous page for Lewis Structures.)

PCl3 trigonal pyramidal CH4 tetrahedral

NH2Cl trigonal pyramidal SiO2 linear

SO3 trigonal planar C2H2 linear

IBr linear

VII. Draw the Lewis Structure for H2O. Predict the bond type. Label any
partially positive or negative ends. Determine whether a molecule of water is
polar or nonpolar and explain your answer.
!+ •• !" The water molecule will have a bent shape because
H " O • it has 2 atoms bonded to the central atom with 2
•
unshared pairs of electrons.
|
3.5 – 2.1 = 1.4
H This will put the partially positive hydrogens on one
polar covalent bonds !+
end and the partially negative oxygen on the other,
so the molecule is POLAR.

Draw the Lewis Structure for SiCl4. Predict the bond type. Label any
partially positive or negative ends. Determine whether a molecule of SiCl4 is
polar or nonpolar and explain your answer.
•• !"
•
Cl ••
•
| !+
The molecule will have a tetrahedral shape
!"
•
•• •• !"
because it has 4 atoms bonded to the central
Cl " Si " Cl ••
•
•• •• atom with no unshared pairs of electrons. This
|
3.0 – 1.8 = 1.2 • •
will not allow for a positive and negative end,
Cl •
polar covalent bonds •
•• !" so the molecule is NONPOLAR.

VIII. Circle the intermolecular forces in the following diagram.

H O H O H O

H H H

H O H O

H H

CHEMISTRY: A Study of Matter

© 2004, GPB
5.24d