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    PhotoshopBeginners - 2020

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    Carudel

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    INNEW EASY TO FOLLOW USER GUIDES Bt FOR BEGINNERS , a » BLACK & WHITE ata PHOTOSHOP —————EEEEEE—EEEEEEEEEEE Starting something new can be daunting, Learning a skill or Deere ae ete Aci Mure icf you have no-one at hand to help. Conversely as the complexity Oren a cu Nae one tune cS instruction manual decreases or in some cases it simply disappears. Pree eet Sr cans ua as isno shame in that fact and rightly so. How many times have you Pee re ese ean Sem acura cad “What do you mean it doesn’t do that?”.HELP?” At the start of any new journey or adventure we are all beginners but fortunately for Set Rea ec Teese cs ORC eea ta ena aus) at the latest consumer electronics, software, hobbies and trends out of the box! We will guide you step-by-step through using all Desa ecu Seu Seer eu meee ease SL your technology understanding and skills, taking you from a novice COP emn enent erates ed Over the page our journey begins. We would wish you luck but we're sure with our support you won't need it. Getting Started A Main Interface Q Menus ; ‘ The Toolbar ; 38 ? \ Keyboard Shortcuts. . Wy 2 Selection Tools pp y I ~\ The Clone Stamp Tool , a 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 22-23 24-25 26-27 28-29 Brushes, Pencil and Eraser Gradient and Fill Tools wa The Pen Tooland Paths SS Ss 4 iN Basic Editing Techniques 32-33 Making Selections 34-35 ModifyingSelections 36-37 Using ayers 38-39 Adjustment Layers 40-41 Curvesand Levels 42-43 CroppingandResizing 44-45 QuickMaskMode 48-49 — Content-Aware Filland Scale Visitusat:wanebampublcaton.com FJ FolowusonFacebook:BOMPublcations [J] Fotowus on Twiter:@BDMpubs A wmeepteseracon “,. the power to let you create the mo: complex pieces of — Building Your Editing Skills 52-53 Adjusting Exposure 72-73 ColourReplacement 54-55 ColourCorrection 74-75 Soft Focus Technique 76-77 _frocesing anes 58-65 Monochrome Techniques 78-79 Adobe Camera Raw Interface 66-67 Adding aGraduated Filter 80-81 Adobe Camera Raw Menus 68-69 Correcting Lens Distortion 82-85 Adobe Camera Raw Workflow. 70-71 Panoramastitching toes Cs wenmireutatemcy § Download Your Free Media Resources Download everything you need to help build on the amazing and essential skills you will learn in this unbeatable new publication. 6 smwnsratiotincin A you work through the publication you will discover a vast array of new techniques and skills to learn and embrace as you build your knowledge base. To support you to the fullest, BDM Publications have compiled this exclusive media download so you can work alongside our expert team with our step-by- step guides. After all the easiest way to learn is to do. To take full advantage of this 100% exclusive offer for all readers of this publication, you simply need to download these essential free resources. To do this, just visit us at: bdmpublications.com/ultimate-photoshop ‘Then you il ned to register login and rally sslec this ttl from the listing to begin your download, Downloading thi excellent digital content isthe very Bestway to get the most rom this amazing publication. These files give you complete acces tothe very same content that ou editorial team has wed to ‘demonstrate the guides nd utr within these pages, so you cn work alongside them So ist today and take edvantage of this amazing opportunity to enhance yourreader experienc wenmireuttatoncy 7 Getting Started The beauty of this program is that it has the power to let you create the most complex pieces of digital art, or it can simply let you adjust the brightness of a favourite photo. You can use as few or as many of its vast range of tools as you want. We begin by looking at the main tools that Photoshop offers for editing and manipulating images. Main Interface This is Photoshop’s graphic user front end Jnotoshop has a great interface, witha dark sate grey work area, sight ghtor menu and palate bars and sharp white text. Itiooks great and really makes photos stand ‘ut rom the background. Let's see what it Menu Bar You'd al the cptons menus hee. Read on formore deals Tool Palette Here youl fd your main eating toes, The fotoning pages lok tthe edie oo and what yu can do with them, Tool Option Bar For each too onthe alte there re options, seh as bh sae soins. You a thom Document Window Each window you open wives own tb to int. tines the document name, curent calng and colour space beng used. Document Details Here youl fd the compressed and ea sz of your document Se ad Active Image Tho new ntrtace proves a larger rea to work on your mages, wih a. darker background colour 10. wewictteserscon MAIN INTERFACE Fly-out Palettes Layer Palette Layer Options “Yu can sa up your Onn custom Isto Here you'r ind holes of tne mage you'e | | Hor you can add tics, ayer sys frequent used palettes, and access them by | | curerty woking on, Layers ate top ot tne || acstments and one options 0 your coking on ese butors sack ull appear above hase ew, carenty ace byes. Cau Uae One look at the menus and you e N US begin to understand Photoshop’s complexity and versatility ‘main intrtace of Photoshop has no fewer than eleven menus and a Help option, each with many options, and with many additonal nested Se ee Seren eee ee ee ee ee eee ete ee i cc rd og wm Te nd > ost 5 ror ry 5 = — to Con Sorts a image Sie xa! ores ps a) pete td i Ea e Pan > c poi i heck Sting Tin. ere nS co om upkcate, peer ic ions roan Eaot end peers coors ‘at Os 5 feted woes i Variabies > rs R Sco es . forested re. 7 faa iS % a = a cored 5 = Tuell pe is 7 i Seed acy — Pecans 5 eee eed ae Hsiarapiheretnupieniey beeen oretatnes ence a eee ey gore or cr ; paneer es Poetry pei nena eae Caner eer et x Peianiieersey vant wcSwneas. | Xowx tbe Adusimentssub-me, poset ce peareenrieestaet og Sen yenerrratit ocd eee as er conneenanny Parente nied : peace Ta eee eld hn ee] eee et me eee Protctep. The moatimpatant Soe eet eet mare ere Pee ee ree tO pena artery freer enka ater On eee) psoaairer rms ye eter rier y Bpsisroeieet ee ecu ee ere breieey net pee rennet is cei eer emcee arene nenmrenerony eae ere ar Pane eroreecrr sy crceronnnere Sry Pear aan a Pera a ne een eee) Lenten ir ad ed Lemar et eeeeMatved Eatery yt errr) Lenore Peepeeenerpentting pearorrett Peete ete Sie ets pepredaprenny hate eer Sree preeroreny teed oneness Gea Coens alist Cee Crees et Ces et ean etl een ienon Pee ener ene eeu) best used sparing View =e a Ea Es = ra Ps os es 3 taro = a View The View menus home to ee Pernt) ene eee ets Seti eeetre) ees cite Coir Peeters Pau) nad Sensors " tote rene nl Window enero err eery renee etry eco ‘submenus, which alow you eer Paneer caer THE TOOLBAR he main elements ofthe Photoshop Toolbar haven't changed all that much since the introduction of Layers and the Move tol with version 3.0, back in 1984, The shape has changed abit, elongating HISTORY BRUSH wove ee iene epee MARQUEE LASSO eariie acc ano cro? Pieeccteireramy srs Bg ene onus cLone stave [oa ran ERASER & GRADIENT SMUDGE BURN PEN ey C4, 2 ey aw TYPE PATH SELECTION UN ry 200M EDIT TOOLBAR SWITCH COLOUR SET COLOUR AUIok MASK MODE SCREEN MODE 14 mewinrteseracon Let’s take a look at Photoshop’s main editing tool Is Into a single column to take advantage of today’s larger monitors, and a few more tools have been added, but anyone who's familiar with any previous version of Photoshop will soon fet right at home. Move Usdtoroepahoraino | eo cre mute wozs ergo CMa Marquee Factarqar Marne Tot Tre Maree used sct an aa tte acne we Aor opens incu an pal tape ard eg row or clinn scons peer Lasso Treas isasovestomske aa fi setcons rom bo ac i, De tis tre the sap can be re, rho by ecseng ot ang 8 Magic Wand Ines Th orca ik Sdn fhe rare eee tae ecietes iotemetn amie Crop onaai Pcp Cou tet hese care oa esp ae ne trata st et rey Eyedropper A eyesroppe Too! Trecroomersnsicecnoe rn Intl earths ods yu wm cura, se andere olor xing cies an age Cee ‘Spot Healing Roan is batea oes Sees Brush TBs or tos bas ar otal ps ‘ara ne eo. ‘ei Pr od sa a teers cor ra Clone Stamp Cre Stapp an History Brush Ui xt tiny pawn be oy nan ned eee Smee se eee! Eraser As renane rps, be Easels a ck nh a an cee an ae Gradient ‘re alder toc can appa an tan 11a hat ads gata rm one ctu Smudge Te Sry toa dong wes stories rte end nt Burn ‘im, ands stern Dodge nt Spars, we te on ctezaage seca ten, dake rape. Pen cares one or elects ng semating cae Bane cues. They ean oaice eae error me @ ening Brith Tet ry ry B B sraige Tot THE TOOLBAR Type ‘cod ap ora nv CSE aro rope tt aso Path Selection Pas ze fren rece nPop Use sto are Line asta cet shapes en pats on your rages ey efor gets Wok easing arows and custom saps. Hand wanda os ag een oa ta tod na Zoom ‘ee eto zaman toan wea sh re trage Aan ment can sa Edit Toolbar Switch Colour (lexna ons sans re curet ssiganicortatearet Set Colour Eredeenetereneey Quick Mask mode Te ue Mask ma i ret ty ot rakig camp adectore wing Pe craig peng ta Screen Mode T vewor c cre a iy Tr Fecnge To! ed om a oa |i eenmreuseaencer 15 fa KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS. Keyboard Shortcuts There’s always a quicker way of doing almost everything ~~ ne of Photoshop's best features I its huge ist of fully customisable Keyboard shortcuts. Almost alo the program's functions can be accessed quickly by pressing various combinations of keys, and once you lear those shortcuts your workflow will speed up immensely. You ‘can even make up your own for your most frequenty-used operations. Customising Shortcuts ‘You're the keyboard hort preferences ateady have th own delat shortcuts. You can menvatthebotom ofthe Et menu, athough easly change these, or even add your own naw naturally thas its own Keyooard sort ‘ones. To aly a short to an operation, feet ‘AtsShiteCiteK. Youll dan exhaust et locaton he ft, and then cick nthe space ‘fal Photoshop funtion, broken downto tothe foto the name, You" see asa ext ‘ategary headings matching the nas of the widow appear, and the net ky or combination man mec, You fd hat many operations ot heys that you press wil spear hee tthe 16. mwinrmttoserscon ‘combinations akeady used by another shortout youl sa a natfaton vaming you ahs, and 2:hng you want to procend with tho change. you lek Accept he naw sarc lbs applad immediate Teka care when raking your Onn shortcuts that you dent acidniaby ovrnto some used deat, Steal STROM LT ei edge KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS B CREATE NEW DOCUMENT REDO LAST STEP IvERT SELECTION PASTE FROM CLIPBOARD com + (1) (e+ (cet )+ (ocean + (ag) CREATE NEW LAYER Levels zoom 1m view copy To CLIPBOARD (2 J +(e) +(0) (ewe)+ OL ow|+(z (coxi]+(c] CLOSE CURRENT DOCUMENT CURVES 700M our view cuTTo cLIPaoARD on + (orl + | om] + [5 (oxsl+(x] LOSE ALL pocUMENTS INGREASE BRUSH SIZE FIT ON SCREEN FREE TRANSFORM ai) + [exes] + (yu) WwW con + {coo + SAVE CURRENT DOCUMENT DECREASE BRUSH SIZE 100% zoom TURN SNAP OW OR OFF convo] + [ S @ an}+[ows (see) +[cous} +E] SAVEAS BRING CURRENT LAYER TO TOP SHOW RULERS SELECT ALL ON CURRENT LAYER coral} + [shit J+(S] (seit) +[oms]+ (GJ | fox] + Lk [cou] + LA vunpo/meno ‘MOVE CURRENT LAYER UP SHOW OR HIDE GRID DESELECT ALL cov} + [Z (ema + one} + (5 {cows} # [0 npo Last sTeP MOVE CURRENT LAYER DOWN SHOW OR HIDE GUIDES eur ai) + [ees] + (z) (ex+ (i cco + [5 Fl (On a PC the Cu key for your shortouts looks like this on a standard Windows keyboard. you use a PC and you #00 ‘an instruction inthis title to ‘use a Cmd key, then just use Cu instead. (On a Mac computer the K Ct key is oplaced by tho ‘Gmd key ona standard Mac keyboard. f you use a Mac and you s0@ an instruction in ‘his tite 1 use the Cte key, just use your Cmd key instead, Selection Tools Photoshop provides multiple methods for isolating areas of your image ‘he ability to solect discrete areas ofan image and change them you to select regular shapes such as rectangles, elses and ines. For In isolation fs fundamental to Photoshop editing, and to help irregular shapes there are several Lasso tools, which lt you draw the vith this thore are many diferent ways of making that selection. _ area tobe selected. For quicker selections there are the Mage Wand and ‘The most frequently used are the Marquee tots, which allow ‘Quick Section tools Common Options ng X youloak acres he ope of your man ba You wise there recommen too optens for tothe seecton toe. Th tow of eur Cat sting, A To Stcon, which can ‘ke be actated amp hn own th Sit ky, Suoct rom Sl tivated bythe Athy an Selacton, which elects oy a Edge Refinement 2499 ofthe selection, uset te The edge of the selection can be futher ‘adjusted by using the Rete Eoge men in CSE ‘or Select and Mask in Photoshop CC, which uses sophisticated edge-detection techniques to automaticaly select around things lke tne hair or sot and bed eos, eee 1B wavmrttotrcan SELECTION TOOLS Ps | Rectangular Marquee Magic Wand Elliptical Marquee Magnetic Lasso Lasso Single Row Marquee ensign 19) HEALING BRUSH TOOLS Healing Brush Tools Clean up minor blemishes, dust spots and stray hairs with the Healing Brush tools ven with a modern aiglal camera, your ‘photos may have slight imperfections. Maybe it's ust astray hals or an unwelcome skin blemish ina portal, oF maybe some dust has managed to get onto ‘your sensor, causing dark spats on your photos. Whatever the reason, sometimes. ‘you noed to remove some small features ‘rom your images, and the best tools for ‘this are the Healing tools. Thore are five healing tools in Photoshop, which you ‘can seo it you cick and hold on the Spot Healing Brush tool icon in the tool paleo Peach Gini Poet ae Ret aoe pei Pete ac] Seta (et Cae eo) ee nl Ch eee cy eerereicery OD ese ecepetiat J] meee ‘The Heaing Brush is legacy tom oder versions of Photoshop does mach the same ad a he Spat Heaing Brush, but is raerlas sophisticated. & works in much he sameway asthe Clone Strrp too. Toma abies, you fst ood to sta sagt pont cling on an soa of snr texto wie ang down he At ay then panting the samp ‘verte omic, As ever, whan comes to helng ‘and cloneg tecnica, Sully she Ky. You may ‘el hati moh ako several ater o Ge a good ‘tue that doesn" stan out being coed seavmettotscam ‘The Content vere Mow ol wasinroced in Phetoshop CSB. The ca hat you can spy (ran aslecon une an object ar thon cag ito char place. Te progam anaes te surouring ‘ca arc fin te sooo witha matting er. actos the Conn are Mee tol ony etd very pode creuretanes, win the objet you art to movelssurounded by aunt ta. You led rate mace evn the ote, he bate fn rest, Baokgeurcs suchas grass ae ay ‘ao much more sscoest canes or hs “The Patch ool is use for repsring agar areas, Ihcan be used in one of tw ways ether ave ‘around the area you want to replace and then ‘rag the sampie ta an aroa of matching cean texture or sapien aoa of clan texture anc then drag over the part you want to repace Hero, apateh of wooden for ean be uted 0 ‘remove some breadcrumbs rom the shot. As {you drag the pate, twit show you arate ‘veday over your target area 80 you can agn it 8 best you can to ensue a good patch, This ttorial een Boris et HEALING BRUSH TOOLS on Red Es caused byt tom a care ash reflecting fhe bbod ess at the back ofthe ‘]j0 en he pups wide cpa possible to ‘rc by proper camara ecru, bt fou fd Ith one of your ports, Poston has a quick and sy el hp remove Smo ck on he ‘ofersng redness andthe ol wt automate ‘anaysn how much echass theres nro set's ‘768 aed emove& and reptace wth amore ratuaeckng tno which usualy ack or vey ark toe, For removing smal bjects such as dust spots ‘and stray hai, the Spot Healing rush the most seh and elective tool at your esposa. In ‘some cases, you can even remove larger objects ‘and peop. When you use i to paint over an ‘objec, the brush sams the area around it and replaces the obec witha sma of he ‘background, The wey tha it samoles can be setcted, and most elective option fs Content ‘Aware sampling. The brush parameters can be acusted tke anyother brush USEFUL TIP eerie ete renee [eaicpencmelypee sane ates The Clone Stamp Tool THE CLONE STAMP TOOL be eT Remove unwanted elements from your photos ‘he Clone Stamp too (also known asthe Clone Brush in some programs) Is one of the most useful items in your image editing ‘toolkit Dospite recent developments such as Photoshop's Spot Healing tool and Content-aware fil ti stil the most precise and relable way to retouch photographs, allowing you to remove unwanted ‘loments such as dust spots, skin blemishes, lens tae, telephone lines and other intrusive objects from your pictures. Because the ‘process Is ently manual it ean be somewhat time-consuming, ‘ut the results are often superior tothe output ofthe more modern The Clone Stamp works by copying lering’ pels rom asolocted target ‘2108 and placing them over the unstantd objets Using he Clone Stamp iis relate salghorwara to remove even quis large unwantad objects ‘tom a photo, Our example isa photo taken at a motorsport event is a ‘900d shot with plenty of action and ying dt, but we thought the fags in 22 mwnrttoserscon the foreground were bit dtractng, as was the telephone ine stretching ‘across the ack ofthe shot in the top it comer. ‘We dcidod it would bo a good demonstration ofthe power of the Clone ‘Stamp tol to remove both fags and the telephone ne tom the shat, Let's ‘808 how they wore remeved Goto your toolbar ad select the Clone ‘Stamp Too (). For the image we're working on, a brush Szo of about 75 - 100 pels villbe fe. You can make the brush Hardness between 0% - 20%, Wa'e going ta the ag inthe lower gt comer, + £.Cione Stamp Too! S aS “Make sure that you have the Algned ‘option ticked. This moans that tho ‘samgling area of your brush moves as your brush ‘oes, otherwise you wil lone the same sampled area ropeatody uti you ater. one Find an re of clean grass next tothe fag ard then press your At ey. A sal target leon will appear. Anything under this target wi be your sample tobe used asthe stating polit of the cloning, Laftcck your mouse to confirm tis Your sample area. THE CLONE STAMP TOOL Now move your cursor over the top of the ‘og, lvl with your target area tom the lat stp, tis show a an overlay Bo you can 20 what you are about o lone on top of your fag you cle an crag your mouse down the fag pote, the gras adacent ot willbe cloned ‘over the top, removed the pol. You can now choose another target samt the ght ofthe fag ane clone ‘ras rom that si ov tho remaeing area of the goon ag. you notice sy repoate areas that stand out as olng cloned, you can choose a nw taget area anc clone n some new grass to ogo he pattem random, ‘Yu can now move the second fag on the let and crate a naw sample to clone ‘over the pole as you de with tho frst. Again, watch out fr obvious repeat patton as you ‘done clan areas ontop ofthe fag pe. Cor; "Now you can remave the aren fag by sampling an area ofthe mud to the lt of | an cloning that over the op ofthe remaining pat ofthe fag, Final, we can remove that telgphone ine rom the top ofthe shot using the ‘same techniques for both fags “The rrcom nature ofthe dt thing across the frame is actly quite vst. sample ‘2 area Grecty above the unwanted telephone Tne and then clone the eampla ontop oft. You ‘can simpy lek onthe telephane Soe ac ag the moute to te et cloning the patch of et thats drecty above tas you do. Sse SSS @ (Once completo, you can assess the resut and if you see a obvious repeating pattems that give the game away you can siroly ‘Gone new areas ovr the ofenng repeat parts with random grass and sky 2 needed, Brushes, Pencil and Eraser Photoshop has many tools to help you create images as well as edit them Itnough it is primarly designed and best known as an image elting rogram, Photoshop also offers a range of versatle tools, allowing you ser are designed to behav 35 possible, to make using ‘an intuitive process. i you ae Es havea graphics tablet and pen, his hep even mor. The Brush Tool eee a) ae fo Pe) ee 8 Photoshop masterpieces ‘The Pencil too used to be a separate tem from the Brush too, but with radical ie semulations of numerous pas of 29s though The Pane! can be used as a secondary brush whieh can save time swapping n prose, and ° his there are many more options, lowing you to add random scattering, nose, extre, ledge simudation, aitoruch ike bul, and both shape and colour dynamics. I his degree fof controls toa time-consuming thera are ao ‘dozens of preset brushes, a small sample of which you ean gee inthe picture shown below aie alo] “he Eraser tol sybourd shortcut Bsa pected varaton on the brut oo, nd uses the same pets options clr tom the Sstandar brush in that t can ender pes tom layer ranepront,alwng the yer beneath shaw though used on the background yer & pants nwhalever the curert background cour ‘As wel asthe Brush pte cantons, the Eraser ais ras tool options intuing Opacity, Flow, ged one uncue ene, Ea to sty, ven can be uted n conjuction wth he History patio soletho¥ und cranges i ayers. The Mode options forth aso are Brush, Pacer Block, which is a smal squat shaped rar of ‘ed Se atl 07008) BRUSHES, PENCIL AND ERASER “Thee ar preset brushes io smut atrushes, pastel crayons, big sft brushes, smal si rst, poncis ft pens, sponges, and even tempate brushes to qu raw ras ofa. The opions anc austments can be apie to preset brushes, so you can customise them for your Jn epecic needs, You can ven make our oun brushes you want, ‘As wel as options forthe appearance an texture of the beush, thee are also pions fr how tinteacte wit tho layer that you paint on. These are cao Blend Modes, and you can chhoase which one to use by eScking onthe eee ad epMageaserToot —€ ‘Tero ae wo oer Eraser optons avai it {you oc and hel on the Eraser ool, Backgrounds Eraser can a the name suggest, ease parts of te background, uti oes this by corer the background ino layer: Magi Eraser inp combines the Magic Wand too th the East, sr sect eases cont. e380 oO. Many people wll probably use Photoshop wih apn and tablet device, such asthe Wacom intuos 4 shown hee. The Brush tot includes options for pen tabet users, such as ‘lowing pen pressure to contal eter brush ernment 25 a GRADIENT AND FILL TOOLS Gradient and Fill Tools Fill layers and selections with colours, textures and gradients ne very useful faclty that Photoshop ‘ch as vignettes and cenre-spotsof-focus. provides is the Graciont too can flan Lets take acoser lok at how it works. area of a ayer with a gradual blend between ‘Youn te Gradient tol about haltway ed ‘down the Too! Paete ithas its own unique set eatery cof eptons inthe Teel Optons bar the main one eon being the Gracent Picker, which ets you choose ftom alist of preset gracens. CC File Edit Image La eC. — Neat otis a ow of tutions ra create dren nt shapes. The cau setrg a seaght leeargracon, but eter opts inckude aca gl, Pate and Diamond shapes. Use the Bx oos the Gracin has bens ‘modes that et you ik he grace colour wth the layer boon tin various ways. Tis 8a geat ‘way erhance sunset landscape sha, by ng a crange-o-ranegarent gant lin cor mode, ra tla carol] ee ac Coa eee you elk ana hls on the Grant toc you fer that one ofits options is the Paint Buckat took, hich used ofan area, a lyer ora sotcton witha sold colour. combination vith yer transpareney anc blond modes i's great way ocd color tit fer 0 8 ‘hob image you use the Pain Bucket onthe ‘background yer of your mage in an area of contiguous colon much the same GRADIENT AND FILL TOOLS Phatoshon comes witha selection of faut preset gars loaded, bs thre are other packs ‘facets aatabl, You can ad nthe ther packs via the Gracent menu. yeu cen the Graco icker yu so a smalicon ka aco ‘whee. you eek on this you se the man, ith thet of standard gracent packs arable to aad at hebatom, Otter race tol eptons ude the overall layer opty, ravering the cacten of he gradient cok mix, changing the “athe ofthe colour ‘ming, and oaging te vanspereny. ‘way asthe Magic Wand tol Toad att to whoo imag, creat anew lye, then ft ‘ith he colour. wl fi the hoe layer, and you can then use ayo arsparency an blend modesto achieve the elect you'e looking fr Tost is css processed prot tect on tis xaio image, wo used a stong ange cot, at 0% opacty, and a Color bend ‘mode, which comes the cau he bacground cour of homage Below are the main gradient types that you can choose em the ta optors ba athe tp lt of your sree, Linear Radial Angle Reflected Diamond ee vwenmreutatemcy 27 THE PEN TOOL AND PATHS The Pen Tool and Paths Draw smooth curved paths with the versatile Pen tool i) c aa on) (aun Weed al re) OE ae aol pag eon a) Bezier control Tangent line Curved path Anchor point the quickest and most common way to make selections isto use the Polygonal Lasso too but since that only draws saight ines trom point to point ita’ ieal for making accurate ‘selections around curved edges. Photoshop ‘does have ato! for making smaoth curves ‘though, and i's cle the Pen tol feyboard shorteut Rathor than creating a soocton ct ko the Lasso tol, the Pon tool is used to create ‘Work Path. A Work Path in Photoshop is ‘8 vector graphic outline which can be used {or several function, including ehaped text, ‘outing stokes and of course selections. path Consists of straight and curved Ines segments Connected with points. You can leave a path ‘open to form a straight or curved tne, or close a path to forma shape. Paths ar independent of any particular layer, ‘0 you can use the ‘same path to create shapes on more than one layer ofan image, and you ean copy a path fom ‘one image to another. Using the Pen tool and Pats effectively is a complicated process tha takes alt of practice tomaster, but t's worth the efor, because ‘once you crack it youl be able to make smooth ‘curves and selections around almost any shape. ityou want to use Photoshop ina professional ‘capacity its an essential silo lea. UT ‘THE PEN TOOL AND PATHS fa Cai kucks un Using the Pen too effectively takes some practice and a lot of patience. Here's the low-dawn on how it works. eros rena Ce] ‘The Pen tot works by using anchor points which are connected by ies. To aw a curved ine, fst select the Pon toa rom the Tool Patt ‘raw; hese areca anchor pits, and yu 80 tat here aro straght lens connect them, 2 D> * BD Pentooi Cr Veena) Pe) on wv. "Net clk and hae on the Pen toc, and ect the Convert Pont (ck an holden ary of your anchor pos, and dag aay rom the too. Youu this to manatee anchor pores and cota tho ant You shoud soe two Ines wth hands onthe ends exe tern curate of the Ine. the anche okt. This cae atangent ine Ey ey Ce Iryeu move te cursor around yout oe the ne leking yon anchor tn practi and patie you can bend a cx ine around en paints ax and bend, You can use tito bend the nf match the complex shapes. you open the Paths plete youl 90 the werk path curvatew of the edge youre tying flow, youve create appearin te ist. Basic Editing Techniques Now we need to show you how you can use more of Photoshop’s tools and add to your growing skill set. You can simply edit the brightness of a photo, or combine it with another one. There are some great techniques that will have you creating your own masterpieces in no time. eee Making Selections The ability to select and modify only part of an image is fundamental to how Photoshop works peered The Epica! Marquee too works in much the same way as the Rectangular Marquee, but craves a cured shape, hn the Rectanguar Marquee, 3 he Sze or aspect rato, A raws a crcl, other ats craw MAKING SELECTIONS ne ofthe most basic featur ‘modlty only part of an mage, leaving the rest unchanged. ‘The way that we do this by using Selections, and there are ‘several tools and menu operations that we can use to help us ‘achieve this ‘After the Move too, the next three icons onthe Tool Palette selection tools, giving you a wide range of methods for 19 an area of your image. Some are fully manual, while ers use varying degrees of automation. he most basic Selection tools are the Rectangular and Exipical Marquee tools. These both alow you to manually select a simple shape of any sizo, or of a fixed siz or aspoct rato. You Can select sovoral areas, either soparately or joined together, ‘and with ahard edge or a eof feathered edge. The various Lasso tools let you solect an area of irogular shape, again withthe ‘option of a feathered edge. You can daw the area freehand, oF ‘te point-to-point lines for greater procision. ‘Let's take a look atthe process of making a selection, and ‘examine the various options that are avaiable. Photoshop isthe abilty to To draw an oiose around your selection, imagine that is actualy a rectangle, sat rom one comer and drag to the dagoraly opposite comer. Tis c the At Key and start rom the centre of where YOU want your elise o be Simple Area Selection MAKING SELECTIONS een ene 100, the Rectangular Marquee. Ths & eed, as the name impli, or seectng mpl rectangur shapes, CD Rea Nae re ET eae, thes or aspect rato by using tho toa ‘kaw a perfect square selection by ‘olygonal Lasso Tool tangle, or Sete ne ey Fer seocting more complex shapes, the best option i the Pahgonal Lasso too, or ityou want to daw trechand, then the Lasso Toot Is the one to go for Drawing roenand may quite odd using a mouse, but wha ite practie you can se with confidence. the marching ans" he ofthe selacton box appr you ue the Pant Bucket toot fl the ies a6 wath te Potygonal Lasso, you ek around the edge of he aoa you want o select, When you compete the 009, or double-click, the selection completed and you'l se the “maching ants" boxe. fo make asot-adged selection, typo a rumor int the Feather box. The higher the rumbor, the more biured tho edge i be, Tis time you ra a secon ae youl oo that the edges are vr lure, arching ans" iran be ri of the tured re 1S eR | Poygonal Lasso section is ide you want © cut or copy a compix shape out of background, for example to make kart of nother picture kis party helptl when your sujoct has os of saint, regu edges that are 33 Modifying Selections Photoshop has sophisticated tools to refine selections hotoshop’s standard selection 00's, the Marquee, Lasso and Magie Wand, are tne for making basic selections of regular, well-defined shapes, but they're rr not 80 good at picking out sot-edged or cas very fine shapes. One thing in particular ‘that has always been a problem ls the ‘edge of fine or untidy alr. Take this photo for example: using the Pant Bu MODIFYING SELECTIONS B \Whon youve been around al the edge ‘rea that you went to refine, clk OK, anc eT then ait few seconds while the program recaleuites the edge. AS you can soe here, ‘he rsutis a good improvement ovr tho Soloct and Mask is very easy to use. Starting with a Magic Wand or Pohgonal Lasso section as be tothe edge of Refine Edge button on the too options bar Inthe dlaiog window that opens, in Edge Defirton, check the box marked Smart sot the brush size 20 that I's large enough to cover the hazy edge area around the ha. Then ‘Smply pal around the edge, overlapping both the dog and the background, [As you can see, the edge around the 109 hair looks teri, The automatic Magic Wand selection has produced avery jagged edge, because it can't distinguish between the fine edge of the har and the ‘background. Fortunately the latest version ‘of Photoshop has a feature cated Sal fang Mask, which Is capable of making Expand, asthe name suggests, expands the Contact the opposite of Expand. It shrinks We've looked at Feather before sftens the ‘828 of he selection by the speciiog number the 2p the slecton by the spoctiod ledge of he selection by te radius sat inthe Cf pte. The larger the value you expand numberof pols, As withthe Expand option, dog box, I's perhaps the most set option the selection by the deal and shape cf your the mare you Contact the selection, the here, partly you're tying to copy and ‘figinal selection wil begin decrease as arg selection shape's deal wl bacome paste the esection int a background, Une enlarges outwards. loss wol-defined ‘Smooth ths creates a sft vignette ofect. weumretitemcen 35 a Using Layers Understanding layers is fundamental to Photoshop editing 36 the concopt of Layors was frst Introduced with Photoshop 3.0 in 1995, and has become the very core of Photoshop image editing, as wel as being imitated by every other mage editing program on the market Layers are exactly ‘what they sound ike; the elements of the Image are stacked up and displayed in Lajershave a number of acvertages. For one ‘hing, tho aby o change ane ment on one layer without fect te ther lyers means that you can eat your mage ron-desructiey. Fer example you want to perform an operaton en alyer but youre not sue haw i's gong totum out, kt make a upc ayer, st the ‘gal tobe ruse, then do your edting on the ‘ony Yu don Ike te eau, you an spy dit tard go backto the ofa, There are forma types of ye. There are Players, which eortan the graphical ents ‘af thoimago, Thao ae Tt ayers, which ‘conta tet inrmaton wien canbe ete ‘end roid, Tore ae Voctr yer, which ‘conta veto frmaton such a shapes anc sented USING LAYERS esconding order. Since layers can include transparency, lower layers can be visible through higher layers. Effects, adjustments and operations can be applied to inavidual ayers, oF to all the layorsat once. You can move layers around relative to one another, change the Corder of layer in the stack, tum layers on wrk paths, and then thre se Adjustment ayers, which conta embeded conmands that fect the yer eeiaty below, Welk at Asustment layers in mer etalon the folowing pages. There isa downs to using layers, and thats trol sizes they generate, Ang layers and the nlxmation that goes along with them massive increases the soo he fo, ‘0 hon youve nihod ex and you war to save te pictus you've created i's usualy a ‘00d dea to Paton the image, rich merges al the layers together ro singe inane. ‘or off and delat layers without atfoctng the ‘others. Some people seem to have a hard time geting thei head around the concept ‘of layers, so the best way to think of them is a a pile of glass panels with the elements ‘that make up the image painted onto them, with you looking down on them trom above 10 06 how they stack up. USEFUL TIP USING LAYERS BME aa Blend Mode Determines how te ayer intracts wth the se babu. Can be crane er rey ayer cone by ene fora eu. Opacity ‘Conrols how renspeent he layer, anc how ‘much of he layer bow vi how trough. Visibility Cig ental sry on te torardatts oct nic Layer Styles ‘Ad tect such as crop show, bled ‘399, ree oan mor. Layer Filters ‘Choose to daplay ony ne ype oer, or ‘of hem, nd by salting tom the acp- con ‘ou ean choose wht order to show tem in Fill ‘Similar to Opacity, but only works on pias ‘formaten, gnrng blending options and layer oft Layer Locks By cing on these butions you can ck the layer rom ay uther acy. Wanspaee, image pus and poston can be locked Incependenty of ech other Text Layer Toss Geel pes ofirs Tot lyon tarp, crab hc Background The Background lyri th eat btm (oma cheap taf ol aru ae ees Link Layers Hiohiht afew ayers and then eck tis button tink he taves. Tansorm and Move corer atc links ayers, Layer Mask A resto a eed layer trea cr conceal omaten wig ak cr wit bis Adjustment Layer New Group New Layer Delete Layer ‘An aerate ote main ayer Crates anow ae Eup, o Coking on button Does eacty what you'd ‘fects auch as Loves, Brgnness and (Contast and Saturation hereto, hag ana rep aes, ch ps youo organo ays na og compicated compostin active layer croates a new blank ayer ‘rectly dove the curenty expect ta do, Cick oct the ‘onto the tonto dt it Adjustment Layers A great way to edit your images without damaging them ‘though there are many ecting options Saturation, then add a Photo Fier etfect, the damage done by these modiietions nthe image> Adjustment menu, they that's three operations that have discarded isto revert to an earlier version by using ‘allhave one thing in common. When you Information, each one degrading your undo ofthe History palette, but that also ‘apply them to an image the effect they Image quality. you apply an operation undoes all your subsequent eating 2s wel have le destructive, because they discard repeatedly, such as multiple Curves ‘This degradation is much worse with &-bit information fom the original image. For corrections, you'll actually be able to see than with 16-bit images, since there's less ‘example, f you apply Curves, the Hue/ the degradation. The only way to undo information to start with, Irsimposaite to avod tie mage degradation ‘You can apply Austment Layers a ‘together, but by using Adjustment Layers we in several ways, Ft, youl nda st = 2 ‘cn reduce as much as possible. Adjustment of valabe layers inthe Layee > New Liners st above the pel ayer in the stack, and Aqustment Layer menu. Second, you have onalias thor eects are applied in real-time as the layers the Adjustments palette open (t's opon in ‘a csplyod. That way you chango your the delat ntertace workspace) you can rind about an elec, or wish fo change tater clk onthe bulon forthe ayer yu want thas been apple, your ateraion doesn't have to apply. Ted, you can ek onthe miele any tutor act onthe kyor below Raed ho button at the Bottom of tho Layer Paleto At ‘age degradation ist applied ut the ayers of hese otter exactly the same ist of options sre merge when fatene the image, and produce he same reat, 3B wewinreetoterscom ADJUSTMENT LAYERS ees ec) Brightness/Contrast Levels 7 ‘Adu cow ana tonal ang, Teed Curves COEUR Exposure Vibrance © © @ @ @ Hue/Saturation = 7 ee ew coerce eee os 9 2 Black and White Before and After moors afte eunet a hres contract. y ceiieg Lene, Satuaton and Phot iter acumen tha mage the coburs hav ben satiated and conta Photo Filter Chan Crate ios or eyscae mages Colour Lookup Invert Posterize ‘Aust ne rue of na el Threshold Selective Colour Gradient Map CURVES AND LEVELS Curves and Levels The most versatile way to adjust brightness and contrast in your digital images ‘ull tnd the Curves function inthe image > ‘Adjustments menu, or use the keyboard shortcut ‘Cmds. The Curves dialog looks bit daunting at st; ‘wth a diagonal line running up the middle of, be scared of though, and isn fact the most versatile tool for making adjustments tothe exposure ‘and tonal balance of your images. Use this picture of model Gomma as a starting image. What we want to do fists crop it down so we just have the main part of her aco inthe picture with some hood and hai. “The Curves graph fa histogr showing the relative strengths of eiterent tones within the mage. It shows the out datrbton along the bottom oft graph, andthe 1gonal ine rom "rato betwoon exact t 8 tho input, as you'd expect. is by ads the ne and ‘tering the rato of input tones o output tones, hat We ‘oan achiove a numberof me ltsnand ond ofthe horizontal ac epresents the darker tone, whe the right hand end represents te highghs, out and ouput at al The Curves graph can be manipulated in sever ways. You can move the ine cracty, by ccking on i to pace new anchor points and then craggng these Paints into new postions. You ‘ays to nudge a select point up, ‘hare’ na lent to wher the ie can cor wher it goss in between, wich can lead to some extraordinary resus In ater versions of Photoshop there's an even more set way toute Curves, st to the lower et ofthe histogram you" se a button with a hand and two rows ont you elk the butler and then move the Curse over the image you's nati a point on the ne ‘move up and or pases over ile darker nt ogre, Boosting Contrast ‘Ack two anchor pons to the tne cure rough ‘neti fhe way rom eter end Drag the shape ofthe ine no a narow shaped curve, lh ras the upper haf the cure anc lowomrg be lover nat of, ave the mi ott are bath ends nthe same postions Ths wl onthe ight aras of ho image, hile darkening the cer areas, rcresing he contrast whle martainng the same oveal ‘expos. an exon way to make vary precise austen to coast. Mctone lgrness can e acusod by mover the mi oni onthe curve up down Ene ene = To boost the Mghlights ofan image move the Moving the lowest pot onthe cuve tothe ght Forimages wth very high contast somata its highest pot etwards log the top horeartal wll caren the shacows, bu this wl oot ‘ecossary to boost the mic-enes to balance the ‘xg, Ths ineeases the bighiness ofthe ighter shadow ard mitone dal. Tis can be alvated ago To do hs, a toe pens on the tone cue Pl, ancl may cause the bighter ight by movng the mi-poht ofthe curve upwards a rough equal potions along he cue, and hen tobe buried ou, but the rest canbe quite sly ttening te upper part ote cure and move he mice one upwards o achive te eft. lasing forthe right ke ofimage. Ts brightoneg the mid-ones. Ths emphasing The char to pons tas archos, keeping the technique works welinmanoctrome, precchg shadows 8 vary simi to boosing contas, but shadows nd Mhlghtsurchanged. Moving the an ethereal high oy age. can erate amore axtrome est ‘mc-pohrt dowmwerds has the peste eet ‘Also nthe image > Adjustments menu you fnd Levels, keyboard shorteut Cm, The Lives function ie ease use than Curves, ‘and lets you quichy aust the black and white points and overall brightness of your image. I's partcartyusetl fer images that contain a let ‘fight or dav areas, such as dark obec on a ight background, because it provides a method for tng the Kghtest and darkest areas ofthe image, while leaving the m-ones te to be ‘9st uwaed or downward ff CROPPING AND RESIZING Cropping and Resizing Changing the size of a digital photograph ‘ometimes a digital photograph ‘ean be the wrong size Maybe you have too much ofthe ‘surroundings inthe picture, when you wanted to concentrate on just ‘the main subject, or maybe the ‘whole image is too bg, and you need to make it smaller to send ‘ona webs things is very ‘quick and simple in Photoshop. Use this summer portrait image as starting point. What you wart o.60 frst, is crop i down a you just nave the gi asthe prime paint of fous in the picture The best toot for the ob, rot surprisingly, te Crop tot. Ye rt inthe tool pat, fourth downs from the op. los abt he two se-squces The cop tools very e55y to vee. Simply ‘lek ear one comer end hen ag a box round the eres you went to crop. Don't \wory you don't get the se ext rh st ‘ime, because you can adjust the sof the box byyuting the crag hardes on each sie and ‘comer. Press Err to parr the cp. ea Bele (maot gradients) Nearest Negnoor rare ges) Blinesr In he next stop we'l rete the image In the Image Size dialog box, check to make t more manageabio, To do this the box markod Resample rage, you'll need to get othe Image menu and select and open the drop-down option pane! baton Image Sze, or use the keyboard shortcut i We're reducing te siz of this picture, 50 (Oma + At + eect Bioubie Sharpe. CROPPING AND RESIZING Inthe Pool Denensions panel, ontor Next, go back tothe Image menu, the width that you want yur image to but tis ime choose Canvas So, oF appear. we were preparing ths picture Tora use the Keyboard shartout Oma + At + abst, a wet of 800 pisos would bo ie Canvas Size wal alow you tobe able to exon ‘Te naght wit change automaticaly to Keep the clmensions of your current ocument by the aspect ato the same, Press OK Toreaze adding extra pxos to the image. Boar in mind thepetue, thi is citferent than simply resizng the image. You! soe the curent siz in pias at ‘he tp of the pane, wth the wieth ‘8 £00 pixel. nthe lower window putin a height of 600 pels your man subject is ‘atin the centre ofthe frame, you can ater the anchor pont by ccking onthe arrows surounding the box blow. Cick OK to perform tho resize, Youtl got a warning that you're about to chop off part of the image, but ust ignore it [Now we've resized the erage to 860 x 500, 8 conenint se for csp on many mobile ‘vies, and idea for uploading to a weste ‘or sending va emai f@ QUICK MASK MODE Quick Mask Mode There’s a quicker way of editing selections and masks USEFUL TIP Ren when editing in Photoshop i's useful to be able to block off certain areas that we don't want to be afected. For that we use masks, and there are several ways of creating ‘thom, but by arth easiest is Quick Mask, a fantastically ‘seful feature that was fst Introduced in Photoshop 7. Quick ‘Mask lets you create and edt masks and selections quickly ly using any of Photoshop's pixel painting tools to ‘rushed mask with freehand strokes ofthe mouse. Ws extremely simple to use, but it ean produce a wide and vari range of results. You'l find the Quick Mask mode ‘uton near the bottom of the Too! Palette, Clicking it will toggle Quick Mask mode on or of. QUICK MASK MODE a Gradient Mask ‘Thee re other ways to apply Cxick Mask. For example it canbe used wi the Grachnt Tool 0 produce gracal (Quick Mask mode, then select the Gace Tool, Drag a gradient over the area you wish to aft, and when you rlaae the mouse bution Yeu see that the gradiant eect isin translucent reg, ke the pated uk Mack @ USING LAYER MASKS U | Layer Masks Add effects non-destructively with Layer Masks ile the Quick Mask function is an easy way to selectively eit your pictures, the mote traditional method isto use Layer Masks. The advantage to this. ‘method is that tis non-destructive, so if you don't ke the results you can just go back and start again. t's also repeatable, because you can use the same mask for 19 you tine and effort. For this quick tutorial we buttercup. The yellows will remain in colour while the ret of ‘the picture will be changed to black and white To stan wth, ight-c onthe thumnal ofthe ‘photo inthe lor pate and select Dupkote Layer am the menu. Ateativey cick and rag the layer turn nthe palette onto the New Layer ‘button at he bottom af the palate, which wal 80 clupicate thelayer. Next, activate the new layer by clicking ont inthe palette, and then click onthe Add Layer Mask button a the bottom of he plete a Ci ‘Ait square wil appear in the layer patio representing the ne mask, Dae-cck on this and th Layer Mask paltto wil yout. Ts alto ets you Configure the maskin a vray of ways USING LAYER MASKS a (Ck cn the Color Ranga buon and you Next we The Layer Mask can be used to produce see anew window appear wih colour layer. For this one we'l use the Black any kind of selective fect ke this, and range picker, andthe cursor will change ta anand White menu option, snca is a quick ‘he great par fis thatthe crginal image ie ‘eyedropper too. Cick on the yall petals ofthe and easy effec. You'd itn the Image > _silintact nthe background layer, so if you're ower, and acust the siders eo that aa much of Adjustments menu ‘unhappy with tha fished result you ean ast the colour as possble is selected, but none of the background. lick OK when you'e happy. delet the eect ayer and start again. However {as you can see, the fect is just about perfect. You can acust the parameters ofthe Black and White effect withthe sisers con the window that appears. The resus rameters until you'e happy ee a AY Now we've got a mask that covers the shape of the flower bt what ne need is ‘mask that eaves the chosen colour, bu covers ‘everyting es, 80 lek onthe Invert buon that swaps the mask andthe background. This focal crates anole heave though wich the Background ayer wil be sible f@ CONTENT-AWARE FILL AND SCALE Content-Aware Fill and Scale Photoshop contains image processing technology so advanced it looks like magic intoseeineeierotins Content-AWare Scaling ‘Aware Sealing, which can resize an image Itwe esas the image verticay by 75 You" tot Content vars Seal hile preserving the proportions of impertant rt vong te sandra Photstap Into mer. batt bo Image elements. It works by analysing the ae Y analysing Image Size menu opton, the people and roped out unless you've converted the image and removing tines of pixels that ‘contain relatively Plain background main subject. The tfect is with exam ‘of amountain scene, ‘round wit end up loking fatoned and out image rio yer ‘of proportion, since thei height has also bon reduced by 70 peroont. uch as tis picture However we use Content: Aare ‘You se Contert-Aure Salrg in hst Soalng, the clever agotrm detects the same way a8 the normal mage thatthe areas that a sty conan elaivey Slag opto Elher dag the hanes on each Ite nfomaten, and 30 is time when we ‘2g the crecten you want, or dct err re-sale tre mage tes those poo rs, ‘he proportos othe tet bens cn te tok rsering the mor omatcr-ch pals tat ‘ntone bar. Contr Aware Scaing werks fr hol the deals cng tne peopl. Aaeout bot hgh andwelh, anc can aloo be used 1975 percent eight ecto ates the scene «enlarge an rage looking restive unchanged tough the aca cf bu has boon eduod CONTENT-AWARE FILL AND SCALE Content-Aware Fill and Move ‘Stating vith an image that has just been rotated, ang those empty tangles, ake the Magi the pan areas and fol and elect "Ne, go tothe Select menu and cick on Mossy > Expand, Increase the selection aoa by a decent arount fortis picture 10 pitts should do nicely ‘You'd Fil inthe Et menu, Cok on tan you ‘options window appear. Content-Aware shouldbe see faut, but not choose trom the drop-down mer “There wile a short pause while Photoshop analyses the image, but then it wit iin the blank ereas with a texture derived from the content othe immediatly surrouncng ara, Content: Aare Move i raw feature introduced with Photoshop CS6, and use the same technology as Content ‘ware Fil. The ideas that you can select an object on a background ‘and move it oa new area othe image, The Canter Aare algorithm should automaticaly fin the area that you maved from and aso ‘ond in the moved aby In practic i's not actualy much use unk Ison aviualy lain background, in whieh Use the Clone Stamp anyway, but some pes 1 bjoct to bo moved S019 ote snp to e may tnd wet soot Heng Br Tot Po Ep atch Yoo Poe etn sf, Foreaeye to! Building Your Softies Although it is used by photographers, graphic designers and digital artists, at its heart, it is a program for editing photos. Do you want to adjust the exposure of a photo, alter its white balance or convert it to monochrome? For these tasks, and more, Photoshop can help you out. ae] a ADJUSTING EXPOSURE Adjusting Exposure Correcting your exposure mistakes is easy with Photoshop iY x ‘ven with the sophisticated technology found inthe light metering systems of modem digital cameras, they aze not infalible. Some lighting conditions can contuse them, resulting in pictures that are over or under-exposed. ‘A.careras have te dynam ang, fv of urination at which thoy ‘cco eats pure white cr festuless pure ack. The ton eiatonavalable betoen those to etree depend onthe quay ofthe lon, sensor and mage processor thst capture, andthe i-th ofthe fle type used to record. For maximum bit ceptn i's vay bet o use Raw mode, since tis wil sly sore 2) mages in 42 raven 48-tform, capture grate drei ange. Wet ok at morovig the expoeure of tha mere canon JPEG irages rm a compact camer. JPEG mages are usualy ely 24-9 hae lass atu fer any sa) expcea roca. ‘Overapoture tends to be mere fa robiem than under expo, since ‘bund outhighighs contain no etl that might intiy il ao amp ry oie inte rage, thar a rade or image quay “ke alook at ths shot. tas taken lng conte wehtes meter agar ute song backing, and as ‘eau te foreground shaw and very unde-expose. woud nave en a better fo use spt meter, \wocan sl escue his phat using an Image exing program, Brightness/Contrast est and eas way to ighen the mply tur up the brightness. Youtl find Contrast as an adjustment ayer in the the right, orn the image > Adjustment ‘manu. The Bghtngss/Contrast function in recant ‘versione of Photoshop has been changed to improve Contrast and tonal balance when aueting the bghtnss of your images, Levels Photoshop of anther way of rng brgreness ‘and contrast but ths te wth more suey snc Corr, by adusting the Levels stogram, Yeu fd Levels in th sam rage > Adustront sb manu a Bighinas/Contet. The Lev Histogram Isbasaly a gregh showing te proporion ot ils the age a each cour rt, The far iehand end of he gach represents ack and tha rg. ers tit, wth every ono in Curves The Curves agustment option, again found the Image > Adjustment mers and as an alusiment layer opten, a method of changing the rekatve bighiness of specie tones and ranges of ones within an mage, ang precse conto! ovr exposure, Learing to use propery i 8 core stalin iage ext, and wil enable you to make Precise and subtle changes to brightness and reltve contrast et ust ofthe mage as a whole, but aleo of vidual colour channels ‘rag the Curves output ne arcund by lckeng at ary port, then moving the handle that appear. To imorove this picture need to ighen the recone ‘and mid tones, hie emutancouny darkening he hight, so we shou drag thelover side othe curve upwards andthe upper par ofthe cure ouwarts, creating an ieriod S shaped cae. ‘As wth many Photoshop techniques, the ky here ieee, Path the curve oo far and yout nn the Pica, so kes an eye cn as you progress USEFUL TIP ADJUSTING EXPOSURE botwoen represented by phe on the anh. On thebotom as of the graph ae tive ports, te ltrepresoning the lack ctf pont, the ight the hie cut-of pat, and he cnn the mike represoning the mine pin. ’As yuan se rm the gaph eurimageis most shadows and mitones, with Hgts, <0 we eect breton seme of hese shadows to mc tenes. Th way wo doi iy avg be mid one and Pighlghts ports te tower the shasows. Thi haste fect of bencng out alt othe detal fom the shadow areas without bung aut any mare highs. tals leaves the deeper shad areas inact. safer bate way of adusing the exposure ofa poor ran amply along he gress Contrast, Poneer tt it the best way Adjusting the Levels mi ports i ery near in o Colour COLOUR CORRECTION Correction Correcting colour casts and white balance problems ‘There are several ays to coect a ceur talanoo problem using Photoshop. One of the chest and most tlt to use the Levels ‘uncon, You'd sin the mage menu under ‘Achistmonis, ob using tho keyboard shoot ba Lvs is used to acu th tie bghtnes and output oes of th various tones in the nage, and can als be usa to et partoular poets en tha histogram. The one were tho ry pon, the mike one of ions on he rept ol he dalog para Immost ll digital cameras have some sort of white balance selection, but its a feature that most people ‘seem to ignore, In most eases this isnt a problem, because ‘most everyday lighting situations perfectly well. However sometimes, usualy when shooting without the flash in artificial light, your pictures may show a strong colour tnt, ‘caused by incorrect white balance setting. Using the preset ‘white balance options in your camera's ment will normally prevent this problom, but its also possible to correct colour tints later using photo editing software. There are several ways you can do this. This photog is inated by street ght, brescert ight an coud tungsten ‘aomatc white bance, and you can se the canara has gota ‘it cond, resuting n'a heavy oar cast However by adusrg the colour balance Peteshop we have bon able to argely covet is faut. Racing to cole cast resutsin auch bate pete over ‘a combinaten of sku vapour ning, using (ek on he ry paint btn, and mow he cursor off the dig pand. Yous that carer has changed into an eye deeper tool. Ck this onary part of the mage ra sou bea mi-ono sey, this caso the lover part of ho tackooard onthe ight. Te coe bance ofthe image wl reves chargeto rake ts port there grey, which wl hep coreet the oe cast COLOUR CORRECTION a Another way of comeing the ages the Varios tution, You lof ths nthe Image mer, under Adusmets It resets yous with series of colour adustment presets tat you ‘can choos o best aut your image ease note Varios sno lnger aval for Potoshop O36. Aquek atoratve you are using O58 to ‘Aeking the Photo Fier ayer above your You can ator the colour yeu are appting to ‘ct the Peto Fir option fom he ‘mage now gues you the ality to apply a ‘ho mage as wel asthe opacy.Yeucan Ajustmenis menu, This behaves asi#youhad clare that can counteract the colour cast Keep cfcking ure you've gt something hat ok ‘actly apple an ete warmvooal ertothe yours. nts case, the warm orange hues acceptable. t's ot prec, but wah some King ‘ort your carrera to balance the tones this stot ar fst bythe cool nt othe condtonsitmay not be posse to aban a erect Pato Fite rosut Somstimes "good encugh a you can do, CONTRAST AND SATURATION Contrast and Saturation Using curves and blend modes to improve colour saturation and contrast in your digital photos ‘Asan example we use this snapshot ‘of Ceckngton. In reality the colour of the scenes mich mere inlonse than it looks here, ‘but the ital camera that was used to tak the ‘photo was set fo a neutral and fat colour mode to capture as much dynamic range a posed ‘This mode general leaves mages looking a ‘it pale and iacking contrast and vibrant co.ou ‘This shouldn't bea problem as the shot is wet ‘posed and contains plenty of dota tha wi ‘su the increase in saturation. “The simples way ta improve the saturation Ieby adding @ Hue/Satvration adusiment layer. Lk mary oer parts of the program, Hua! Saturation has bean irproved in Photoshop, producing a smoother eau than provous ‘versions, you were to boost the saturation by About +45, you'd restore some oe mse colour but I's a scattrgun approach and doesnt fer much ine conta can aso revease nose In shadow aras n JPEG images. Lets ook at more options, hen you take a digital photo of a scene, you are relying on your camera to be ‘able to capture all the colours and tones that you see. Unfortunately most digital cameras, ‘simply aren't capable of recording the fu ‘of colours and shades that the hu ‘an see, so your photo of what was, bright and colourful scane may prove to be bit ofa disappointment when you see it ‘on your monitor Fortunately there are many Adustment Unt ie rocco ofthe lack an! White menu and adkstment er often In Photoshcp CSS, the Channel Maer was he prefered method of converting to marechrore for many phctoraphes. Open the channel mi recheck th box for Manocrome at he bottom of he panel. The rage wil immecaty reat brigtinss of he tnes in the nage f@ MONOCHROME TECHNIQUES. Black and White nut Photoshop 683 came along in 2008 you tomenoctrame. Tha Chanel Mer oferd.one takes thal conral and oles even mare. Ws abi ‘woud tnd dozens of rine oral fern heme: apercach, qvng sme carta ver he reave ac an Adstment Layer, $0 can be uted non ‘ronod mathods lor comverthg calor images loves of tore, bute Blackand White uncion ——_dastrtvy, agg your base irago untouched ‘Back and Whte ots complete conto ve th tora tance of your ape, with hanna ier forthe primary 120, oben and be, a8 wel as non prmary ylow, cyan ‘ad magorta, so you can trun tone ad contas, “emphasising any one colourange, Each seach the lave brightness of paricar chara, Fer ow sample pct hare, the bet reste cba by docreashg the vel of 0, cyan and bbe, wo boosting ytow: Ts coats a good tonal bance, erging out he detain ho rok aman, a8 wel as ‘deo ger deta othe water and darkening he shy. Thetis 0a large boost contrast that hes. Adding Tints MONOCHROME TECHNIQUES “he Back and White ncton ao roddes an eno and tact metnodofappng ets "monochrome images, accu replesing ol but pur processing techniques suchas senor ‘yanotype toning, bot of which can ax alt ot mosphere to the rot sor of ictus. ‘Staring wih the sare satings as ber, with the lack and White sles sto enhance the image check ithe Tt bax. The deat eating something that ooks ot he sei, but fact ts ok aut rit. according to most papa opinion, year using the Black and Whit function Fem ‘ha merw option you soe Hu and Saturation sere at the bottom ofthe conte window For ari aperoxmato ofthe blu tone yp ct cyanate tong, et be hue sir to dbout £220,290, and move te stration side to hee ‘0 that hee tt que pale youre using the Black and White adusiment yor ecriquo ‘en betor mato), chock te tt box an thon lok nthe sma coloured square eto. Tis willbing up a Prooshop colour picker window, feng a much dene way of contig tre cour and rts ofthe it For a recreation of spa tong, set he hue to about 40 or an antique tes Sepia toning works wel ith a wide rango of sujet, butts best wit carta images. A spi andscape ‘ato of he cost with no moden references hs the lok o anol, ged Photo and works exremaly Wel wih ‘sepia orng. woud leok a it oxi ‘wer a protogragh of some uta-medemn Cyecape oven an anique makeever. A ‘coo ive tit such asthe cyanate tone right be more appropiate, Adding a Graduated Filter Graduated filters can improve photos by adding depth and colour to the sky hotographers use graduated fiters ‘placed in front ofthe camera lens to selectively change the exposure and ‘Sometimes the colour of part ofa picture, usually to darken the sky to bring out detalls in the clouds and balance the exposure with the landscape inthe foreground. They come in many differnt shapes, sizes and colours to {ital types of camera system. ‘As with most phot techniques, its possible to duplicate tho offect of graduated fitors using Adobe Photoshop, and as usual ‘thor are soveral ways to accomplish this. For this example woll uso an aerial image of a ‘sunrise taken above a church in Devon ADDING A GRADUATED FILTER Cree NE Ma eed nen you open the mage in Adobe “To appl the tr, ag ane down tom (Camera Raw, youl $08 a ow of tok the topo the sren othe reo ne leon across te top ofthe main mage wed, You soe a hoontl and vet dete ne ke an Tho Graduated Fier ioon isto the rh. ‘verted. You aloo notoo tat you can change the sexjo othe ke by moung he curr Wt and ig constrain the ne tothe vertical ols (thoy wie coon When you ck on the eaduated Fir Fight ofthe serean change. The ier can apoly ‘many oferent ofc, but the one we want to ses eduction in exposure. A sstng between 200 and 2.70 should preduce a sutable efloct forts pice. Ityour photo wasnt takon in aw Net nthe too options bar, eck modo, you can apply a graduated ‘on the radon ester ane soe ‘mer using the Gracont Too. Ta set up the Ferogrouna to Taneparont, ck onthe buton ‘raat tay, est sec tho Gracont To fer Liner Gradient, sat the Blending mado to ‘hon sot he foreground coeur o ve by ‘Muto, and the Opacy to 85 pereat, Make rg on the foreground save and then saxo he boxes for thor an Farparenoy ‘sing the colour picker. ‘40 check. ‘Te red otedine marks the aver, ast salratd edge ofthe acetic, but there also a gren nea the ep of he rane. Tie ark th top oF rot saturated eoge a hoe, wt) a smooth racent between the two Is yo ag ris groan ne om, me ot homage wil be at masa ect and te racint willbe shoe ‘To apaly to gracsent othe picture, tat at the ep af he tame, cek and crag dou to te hoxzan in. you ld down te sit ky itl contain thee othe vertical. The Le fs landed he clouds making them axe. ‘ways a goodies to tao he blend enlout to ‘match the ay CORRECTING LENS DISTORTION Correcting Lens Distortion Correct the optical distortion of ultra-wide lenses with Photoshop’s Adaptive Wide Angle cor ee ce rs conn Adaptive Wide Ange atoms to correct at east some ofthese problems, and can warp the pct to undo ‘most othe optical istorton. Rmarkabty i ‘can do al 8 who st peeserving most ot the detain the picture Your et Adaptive Wide Angle in te Fters menu ne ofthe new features introduced with Photoshop CS6 ls alld Adaptive Wide Angle: this can warp and bend an Image to undo the optical distortion comman to all very wide ‘angle lenses. We've all seen photographs taken with “sh-oye" lenses. These lenses are called uitra- wide-angle, because the ‘angle of view that they can capture can be as much as 180, {dogroes. Naturally the abilty to squeez0 half aroom ito the same shot comes at a price, and thats extreme optical distortion. Straight and parallel tines appear to be bent, perspective is massively shortened and familar object take on almost urecognisable proportions. Inthe photo opposite, the straight Uprights ofthe window alcoves and bench soats soem to curve inwards, the walls seem to bulge outwards and the whole effect is ‘auite disconcerting. Inthe Acaotve Wide Arg inertia, frst stot he Contra tol om he panel onthe upper eof the main seen, anc ‘ec Fhaye fom the Coreeten ep: ‘manu, Pick one of ho vera! nes, thie ‘case one othe stone window alcoves, click oar ho top of and ag a ine down the Jonath of You shoul ns that tho Sr wt automaticaly curve to folow the ne, ba you ‘an dag he convo handke inthe mi poet of the ine to match up tothe curvature, ‘The ne wil automaticaly warp the picture to mak the caved ine aight. You's that thre a ckoe ‘vec on the ine, with to more contol ‘ances where thoy intersect. You can dag ‘these hanes, tating the ino to beng t into a vrtcal postion. you ld down the ‘uit key it wl automaticaly soap to vertical ah away. fete) tot CR ol ale BRO ALU es ce <3) ‘This torial Gay Beth pane Coed PANORAMA STITCHING Panorama Stitching Get the whole of the landscape into one ultra-wide picture any digital cameras have a feature known as “Panorama Stitching” of “Panorama Assist” mode. Its there to help with a particular type of photograph, ‘or rather series of photographs, in which ‘successive shots ae taken asthe camera is panned across a scene, After you take the frst shot, the camera shows the edge ‘ofthat shot superimposed on the monitor ‘50 you can match up the position of teatures in successive shots, producing a tong continuous photo showing an enti panoramic scene, You can also shoot your pan sequence manually, especialy if you have a tripod handy to Keep the camera level. When i's done well the results can be breathtaking, but getting a satisfactory result isn't as easy as it looks, Having downloaded our panorama pictures rom the camera no a folder ‘on the PO, tine ofr up Photoshop and ‘ite thom togetor into a pancrama, Locate the tes on your hard ive an cpen al of ‘them n Photoshop. you got the Window > Arrange menu you can iw them a at ‘once in up Hozertal made. Not esent, butt gves you a chance to make alas mine expos. check For the purposes ofthis tutorial well use this example of afoushot sequence taken down on the Devon cose ee Pe eyecare earner In Protoshep yout tna Photomerge the Fe menu uncer Automate, song ‘th several ator automatic processes “The Photomerge window offers number of options forhow to ‘range you panoramic shots. Fora singe landscape panorama ke this the Auto ‘option shed Work fine, lok onthe Ads ‘Open Fes button to ad the toe shots to the Photomenge st and chock he top wo ‘options andthe bottom option to atom to ‘i bank areas with the Content Aware took Colour Replacement Swapping one colour for another ne relatively simple operation that you ‘colour with another. By using some ofthe selection tools we looked at eater, along ‘with the Hue/Saturation controls, we can change the colour of individual abjects in our EA photos, such as replacing the colour ofthe download ‘ircraft fuselage inthis shot. k come e Wit the Magic Wand, i's adda bit ata tne re) Fee en ra sting. By nating caret ciekng 09 ‘elects par ofthe backgroud 20 undo that step, and ty again more catty Post adusting te oleae downwarcs Itkoeps happening Use, 20 wel use ft as a staring pot hee ‘With tolerance sting of 6 t shoul be ble opick ou the rd alge without too Qass0 Toot eon el yy, nan you've aches the init of Q sarntess sown ne sn ay ass ‘more areas to your selection, I you 'o move any areas rom th sound win re COLOUR REPLACEMENT though there ae several ers we ‘could use at thie por. the mest orate way to change the colour of the Saloctec areas the HueSaturatonLghiness pt. Tis & common t mast etry programs. n loments you'r tin he Enrance mecu, When youve sectd al the tits you want torepar, you can save the secon for ter use t2 save you cong al hat work again you change your ind ‘You have three options under the Hue/Saturation setting, Leave the Lightness sider inthe mide postion to preserve the overall brightness ofthe ‘object, but you can exporiment by moving the Saturation and Hue siers around ‘As you move the Hue ser, the colour ‘wl start to hit through the spectrum of 048, oF you can produce subs colour ‘ay 10 hl with subtlety and go for broke \Whon you'r happy with tho resut, or when your eyes start bleeding, you can olathe clacton by ung the keyboard Shortcut md, an then save the eeu hen you save the frat image as a PSO He In Photoshop Eloments, the sections a ‘ved as wel, embeded inte to ff SOFT FOCUS TECHNIQUE Soft Focus Technique Adding a soft focus effect gives your portraits a romantic feel oft focus i an effect used widely in television and in the movies, as wall 2 in many commercial and advertising photographs, for producing a dreamy ” romantic look. t's algo a big favourite with ‘wedding photographer. In traditional ; photography the effect is achioved with a ‘spocal itor fitted over the camera los. Many cigital cameras now inckide soft focus y ‘asa digital effect, but wo can produce the same results in Photoshop with ease using e ‘Gaussian blur and layer transparency. SOFT FOCUS TECHNIQUE a “The est stapis totum the pete nto Next, go tothe Filer menu, move We don't naed very much luting to wo desicaiayes. To do ts, 00 ‘own to Blu, and select Gaussian produce the soft-focus effect, 50 for th Layer menu, and sect Dupate Layer. Br. Tiss @ special ype of bluring that thes poealt shot, st a radius of 10 pias Dont worry about naming ti yer, she ‘can be adjusted to produce certain eects, ‘You may need a smal radius forsale ‘cnt one wore going to make Images, but hoop t subtle ST Cd Peter Tet teen Inthe Layers palato, st the taneparency We can father ennance the look ofthe rag an apts marquee selection ofthe blued layer to arene 60 percent pict by adding an elipical vanetio sound! the port subject. This may tke “Ths let the sl sharp lnwor layer to show futher bluring around he subject. Tis'6 @ afew tes to get ight, so use Oma too trough, mitgating the efects ofthe Gassan _techrique that porta photographers have beer select you get it wrong, When you're happy wh be you fel tis too blued, you can crop the using almost snoe the vention of photography, ft o to the Select manu and chk on Feather. (Opacity down to about 40% you te, Fist, select the Elpicl Marquoe tol Set a rade of about 40-50 pias — ' Serr eT > Net, st nvers rom the Salet men Now ack a Lon aero he steson, (One tral option to we a 08 eases aed to.change he selecton so hat eveything vig a sky tigger rads than bee ere areas of he bred ye ree your outside he ipso skct. ‘50 pls shoud oth jb, subject’ tot oop i sha you prot Processing Raw Files For the best possible quality, ed shoot in Raw mode ol awd Dea eed a eed dita SLAs and Compact System Cameras, and most of the better compact cameras, have a shooting option called Raw mode. You'll usually fd tin the menu as an option under quality. Raw mode offers greatly improved image quality ‘over the usual JPEG image file format, and is recommended {or all serious photographers. Let's take a closer look at Raw ‘mode, find out how it works and see how t can help you produce better photographs. ed) JPEG basic A ul ci ad Py Wao Processor JPEG Output Raw Output the sina rm the sensor ood nto the Few mode sa speclimage recerng option cated by an electronic mage seer. This that svalable on cial SLRs, Compact Sytem sersor has ils ol ry photoes hat preckos a camerasimage processor. a eorbinaten of (Cameras, anc ther high- quay cigtl cameras. it charge when they are exposes to igh: the brighter computer lactones ans sotvare ich tre he your camera as hie opten, youhave accesso the KB, tho higher bngrnes data ram te sonar auto much higherimage quality ten the standard JPEG seneors don’ cor ‘acu inthe Bayer ir no a fo ora. image that you ca Paro rove 48-16 ts per chan} to 24-it & bis parchannet, which makes a smal and more easly proceceed fis but nee some calcu ‘eth because othe smal plete tat canbe represented by that mary bts. Other agustments tothe cccur balance, such as unusil white ‘lance stings, can asoreduen mage aay, a8 vit neay nie reduction. inorder to save sp800 on the memeny car, rake taster taro ane make ast 10 spay and rn the photograph ona comput, the mages usuay conve to a compeessed {PEG fe. Uniorunstey JPEG compression ao rdsces he mage quay, ae can nvoice PROCESSING RAW FILES eos} svtefact ita soma reas of tha mage, Thema advantage of aw shot apart rom the mproiement in over age aut, thatit boacses the camera image processing, sich as white bance, saturation, sharpness ec, Tis sounds logeal, but i's not ely. Te processing that aks place inthe cameras preset bor the shot akon, and eravrsbe once tho image has been converted oa JPEG fl, By shooting n Fae mode, you can make the processing acustments ater he shot has been taken, and you 00d to change nam you can do $0. long as youhave ‘re orginal Raw, The downside to a le rocordng so couse QQ useFuL TIP [eee eae eee red peters eee eeneaency coer eerrreer tea een eer ae carey pereereceeterete ery that the saved fe rw much rg, 50 they take ‘let lroer to save tothe memery card, and you ‘an ft aver of thm on there. For a ypc TEM DSLR, high gusty JPEG fe wi be arcund ME, wha Raw fie wl be around 25M, over ‘tres es he ize, Many of he ore recon DSLR have the abit o rocrd Raw and JPEG image es ‘smullereousy, Ths has the adantage of he ‘convonion of PEG wath he versity and ‘quay of Raw, but akas up evon mare space on axe merexy oats ting most day, 20 ie oodn't be much ofa problem, f@ “ADOBE CAMERA RAW INTERFACE ACR Interface Adobe Camera Raw isn’t as difficult as it looks Jnotoshop comes with Adobe Camera Raw, ‘sually shortened to ACR. It offers a range ‘of processing options that enable you to get the best cut of your photos, including exposure ‘adjustment, sharpening, noise reduction, colour ‘correction and automatic correction for lens

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