Assignment

Topic: “Describe the classification of solution”

Introduction

Pharmaceutical solutions may be generally defined as liquid preparations in which the

therapeutic agent and the various excipients are dissolved in the chosen solvent system.
Pharmaceutical solutions may contain a range of excipients, each with a defined pharmaceutical
purpose. Examples of these include

✓ the vehicle, usually purified water

✓ co-solvents, e.g. propylene glycol, glycerin, alcohol
✓ agents specifically to enhance the solubility of the therapeutic agent in the vehicle, e.g.
surface-active agents
✓ preservatives, e.g. parahydroxybenzoate esters (methylhydrox- ybenzoate and
propylhydroxybenzoate), boric acid and borate salts, sorbic acid and sorbate salts,
phenolics
✓ sweeteners, e.g. glucose, saccharin, aspartame

Picture: solution as a syrup

Classification of solution
Solution can be classified in to two major groups and also one additional group are
following

Solution
Aqueous solution Sweet and viscid Non aqueous solution

Douches Syrups Elixir

Enemas Honeys Spirits

Mouthwashes Mucilage Collodions

Nasal washes Jellies Liniments

Juices oleo vitamin

Sprays

inhalation

❖ Again, solution can be classified based on route of administration are following

✓ Oral solution
✓ Rectal solution
✓ Rectal solution
✓ Nasal solution
✓ Vaginal solution

❖ And also, solution can be classified by solvent-solvent system are

following-

✓ Syrups
✓ Elixir
✓ Aromatic water
✓ Spirits
Example of different types of solution
Elixirs

An elixir is a clear, sweet-flavored liquid used for medical purposes, to be taken orally and
intended to cure one's illness. When used as a pharmaceutical preparation, an elixir contains at
least one active ingredient designed to be taken orally.

Aromatic water

Aromatic waters are pharmaceutical aid and used principally for perfuming and flavoring the
formulation. They can be used as an excipients or bases or vehicles for formulation of other
pharmaceutical preparations.

Syrup

Syrup is a condiment that is a thick, viscous liquid consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in
water, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars but showing little tendency to
deposit crystals. Its consistency is similar to that of molasses. The viscosity arises from the
multiple hydrogen bonds between the dissolved sugar, which has many hydroxyl (OH) groups.
Syrups can be made by dissolving sugar in water or by reducing naturally sweet juices such
as cane juice, sorghum juice, maple sap or agave nectar. Corn syrup is made from corn
starch using an enzymatic process that converts it to sugars.

Spirits

A non-material entity said to exist in the so-called “spirit world”. Pharmacology. A solution
containing a volatile substance, usually alcohol. Psychology. The life force or central energy
within an organism, manifested in humans as the self-expression of the individual.

Liniments

Liniment, or embrocation, is a medicated topical preparation for application to the skin. Sometimes
called a heat rub, liniments may be water-like in viscosity or formulated as a lotion or balm and
are usually rubbed in to allow for penetration of the active ingredients. Patches, sticks, and sprays
are also available
Rectal solution

Rectal administration of medication may be performed with any of the following: A suppository,
a drug delivery system inserted into the rectum. A micro-enema, a small amount (usually less than
10 millilitres) of a liquid-drug solution injected into the rectum.

Conclusion:

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances. A solution is made up of

two parts i.e., a solute and a solvent. In the above discussion, we have discussed about the
classification of solution based on their different properties. Mainly solution are keeps very
important role in pharmaceutical product. In this classification we have seen elixir, syrups,
aromatic water and different kind of solution which has a great Impacts in pharmaceutical product.