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153 facts by kiaragrg (/u/kiaragrg)

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Ovarian metastasis from gastric Krukenberg tumor

cancer

Mucin-filled cell with a peripheral Signet ring cells

nuclei

Most common type of stomach cancer Gastric adenocarcinoma

Gastric ulcerations and high gastrin Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

levels

Acute gastric ulcer associated with Cushing ulcer

elevated ICP or head trauma

Acute gastric ulcer associated with Curling ulcer

severe burns

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, Whipple disease

adenopathy, and hyperpigmentation

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin Celiac disease

antibodies
Vitamin given to pregnant women to Folate
prevent neural tube defects

Most common surgical emergency Appendicitis

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GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

the mouth and hands

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft Gardner syndrome

tissue tumors

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Dysphagia, glossitis, and iron Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
deficiency anemia

Mallory-Weiss tear (mild)

Hematemesis with retching
Boerhaave Syndrome (severe)

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Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

aortic dissection, lens dislocation
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Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, Alport syndrome (Type 4 collagen defect)
sensorineural hearing loss
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Lucid interval following head trauma Epidural hematoma

Bloody CSF on LP Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Most common cause of subdural Trauma - bridging veins ruptured
hematoma

Most common cause of epidural Middle meningeal artery rupture - trauma to

hematoma the temporal bone

Treatment of absence seizures Ethosuximide

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with

nystagmus and diplopia during lateral Internuclear opthalmoplegia
gaze

Degeneration of he dorsal columns Tabes dorsalis

Demyelinating disease in young Multiple Sclerosis

women

Mixed upper and lower motor neuron Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

disease

Depigmentation of the substantia Parkinson disease

nigra

Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the Huntington disease

caudate and putamen

Eosinophilic inclusions in the Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

cytoplasm of neurons

Toe extension upon stimulating the

sole of the foot with a blunt Positive Babinski sign
instrument

Newborn with arm paralysis following Erb palsy

a difficult labor

Most common cause of dementia Alzheimer disease

Second most common cause of Vascular dementia

dementia

Extracellular amyloid deposits in the Alzheimer disease

gray matter
Intracellular deposits of Alzheimer disease
hyperphosphorylated tau protein

Intracellular spherical aggregates of Frontotemporal (Pick's) disease

tau protein seen on silver stain

Amyloid deposits in gray matter of Alzheimer disease

the brain

Drooling farmer Organophosphate poisoning

Medical treatment for Phenoxybenzamine (α-antagonists)

pheochromocytoma

Selective α1-antagonist used to treat Tamsulosin

BPH

Continuous, machinery-like heart Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

murmur

Tetralogy of Fallot (children)

"Boot shaped heart"
RV hypertrophy (adults)

Rib notching Coarctation of aorta

Most common congenital cardiac Ventral Septal Defect (VSD)

anomaly

Most common congenital cause of Tetralogy of Fallot

early cyanosis

Bounding pulses, head bobbing, Aortic regurgitation

diastolic murmur

Continuous, machine-like murmur Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Bone enlargement, bone pain, Paget disease of bone

arthritis

Vertebral compression fractures Osteoporosis

Positive anterior drawer sign Torn ACL injury

Tenderness in the anatomical Scaphoid fracture

snuffbox

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints Osteoarthritis

Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints Rheumatoid arthritis

Cartilage erosion with polished bone Osteoarthritis

beneath

Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe Gout - podagra

joint

Positively birefringent rhomboid- Pyrophosphate crystals

shaped crystals

Negatively birefringent needle- Monosodium urate crystals

shaped crystals

Bamboo spine on xray Ankylosing spondylitis

HLA-B27 Seronegative spondyloarthritis

"Pencil-in-cup" deformity on x-ray of Psoriatic arthritis

the finger

Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Anti-histone antibodies Drug-induced lupus

Anti-centromere antibodies Limited Scleroderma (CREST)

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies Diffuse Scleroderma (systemic)

Anti-Jo-1 antibodies Polymyositis

Anti-Ro antibodies (anti-SSA) Sjogren syndrome

Arthitis, dry mouth, and dry eyes Sjogren syndrome

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy Squamous cell carcinoma

Most common malignant skin tumor Basal cell carcimona

Main artery of the pelvis Internal iliac artery

Main nerve of the pelvis Pudendal

"Bag of worms" scrotum Varicocele

Most common cancer in men Prostate cancer

Most common cause of urinary Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

obstruction in men

Most common treatment of erectile PDE-5 inhibitor

dysfunction

Hepatic adenoma Oral contraceptive use

"Grape-like" vaginal tumor Sarcoma botryoides

Koilocytes HPV infection

Most common benign tumor in women Leiomyoma

"Chocolate cyst" of the ovary Endometrioma

"Powder burn" lesion Endometriosis

Ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax Meigs syndrome - Fibromas

Teratoma → hyperthyroidism Struma ovarii

Most common cause of infertility in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

women

Midcycle pelvic pain associated with Mittelschmerz

ovulation

"Snowstorm" appearance on U/S Hydatidiform mole

Most common genetic cause of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

intellectual disability

Second most common genetic cause Fragile X syndrome

of intellectual disability

Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart

defects, streak ovaries, and cystic Turner Syndrome
hygroma

Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands,

microcephaly with prominent occiput Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18)
and small jaw

Most common cancer in women in the Breast cancer

US

Most common benign breast tumor Fibroadenoma

Most common malignant breast tumor Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Blue dome cyst in the breast Fibrocystic changes

Treatment for ER(+) breast cancer Tamoxifen

Red, itchy, swollen rash on the areola Paget disease of the breast
and nipple

Branching, filamentous, gram + rods Actinomyces israelii

with sulfur granules

Standard treatment for T. pallidum Penicillin G

Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite Pasteurella multocida

A non-painful, indurated, ulcerated Chancre of primary syphilis

genital lesion

Moist, smooth, flat, white genital Condyloma lata of secondary syphilis

lesion

Large bull's-eye rash Erythema migrans

Associated with lung infiltrate in the

apical-posterior segments of upper Reactivation TB
lobes

Associated with a Ghon focus or Ghon Primary TB

complex

Standard initial treatment regimen Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide,

for TB Ethambutol

Eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, Hyper-IgE Syndrome

high serum IgE

Large phagosomal vesicles in Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

neutrophils

Most common site of colonic Sigmoid colon

diverticula

"String sign" on contrast x-ray Crohns Disease

"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on Ulcerative colitis
contrast x-ray

Pancreatic cancer (especially in head of

Painless jaundice
pancreas)

Most common cause of acute Gallstones and alcohol

pancreatitis

Most common cause of chronic Alcohol abuse

pancreatitis

Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a Criggler-Najjar Syndrome type 1

neonate

Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia Gilbert Syndrome

Triglyceride accumulation in Fatty liver disease

hepatocytes

Eosinophilic inclusion in the Mallory bodies

cytoplasm of hepatocytes

Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, Budd-Chiari syndrome

ascites

Kayser-Fleischer rings
Grenn/yellow corneal deposits
Wilson disease

Low serum ceruloplasmin Wilson disease

Cirrhosis, diabetes, and Hemochromatosis

hyperpigmentation

Pulmonary Embolism
Elevated D-dimer
Deep Venous Thrombosis

Hypercoagulability, endothelial Virchow's triad

damage, stasis of blood
Blue bloater Chronic bronchitis (hypoxemia, hypercapnia)

Pink puffer Emphysema (dyspnea, hyperventilation)

Curschmann spirals Asthma (shed epithelium from mucus plugs)

Bilateral hilar lymphadeopathy, Sarcoidosis

uveitis

Antiglomerular basement membrane Goodpasture Syndrome

antibodies

Honeycomb lung on CT Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

"Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic Eosinophilic granuloma
organelles
Bierbeck granules

Ferruginous bodies
Iron-containing nodules in the
alveolar septum Asbestosis

Lung cancer associated with SIADH Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma

Tumor associated with Horner Pancoast tumor

syndrome

Lung cancer associated with Squamous cell carcinoma

hypercalcemia

Lung cancer associated with Cushing Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
syndrome

Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma

Lung cancer associated with weakness
Lambert-Eaton

Smoking

Radon
Substances associated with lung
cancer Asbestos

Silica
 Rapid-Fire Facts DIT

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153 facts by kiaragrg (/u/kiaragrg)

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