ECOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE

Q6.Role of vegetation/planting material and explain:-its strategy-

planning process-selection criteria and in landscape design with
sketches

 Plants are a part and parcel of any landscape

 Plants serve many functions .They are preferred for
climatic,environmental,visual,medicinal,functional and religious purposes
 Planting needs to be based on site conditions.
 Plant selection becomes a major task in landscape process.
 Plant selection criteria are based on the limiting factors and adaptability of the
plants to make landscaping successful.
MULTI CRITERIA DECISION IN SELECTION
 VISUAL CRITERION
 FUNCTIONAL CRITERION
 ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERION
 ECONOMIC CRITERION
 CULTURAL CRITERION
 OPERATIONAL CRITERION

1. VISUAL
 OVERALL SCALE AT MATURITY
 FOLIAGE PROFILE
 HABIT
 FOLIAGE ATTRIBUTES
 DENSITY
 LAYERING
 DISTRIBUTION
 SEASONAL ATTRIBUTES
 BARK COLOR
 BARK TEXTURE
 RELATION TO SURROUNDING
  HEIGHT CHAERCTERISTICS
 CLUSTERING AESTHETICS
 SPECIAL PROPERTIES
 FLOWERING ATTRIBUTES: - COLOR, SHAPE, LEAF, PATTERN, SEASONAL
BLOOM ETC

 Plants are integral part of landscape. With their presence they define the spaces
which lie between the buildings, road, open spaces and water bodies.
 These may be in the form of visual pleasure, food chain, main contributor to
environment or asserting certain functions as desired by the human being.
 Not only they provide visual pleasure but they integrate natural landscape with that
of manmade.
 Presence of plants has brought many fold benefits to human being.
 Our ancestors knew the very important role of plants for the survival of living
beings.
 The ecosystem was well realized and was given due importance. They are regarded
as sacred in many religions.
2. FUNCTIONAL
 CANOPY CHARECTERISTICS
 SPREAD
 FRAGRANCE
 FRUITING ATTRIBUTES
 BACKDROP
 PHYSICAL BARRIER
 HOUSEHOLD/ BUILDING UTILITY
 MEDICINAL UTILITY
 3. ENVIRONMENTAL

 AIR PURIFICATION
 SOLAR RADIATION
 SHADING ATTRIBUTE
 TRANSPIRATION INDEX
 TEMPERATURE REDUCTION
 RESISTANCE TO POLLUTION
 SENSITIVENESS TO POLLUTION

 SOIL ERROSION RESISTANCE

 DUST INTERCEPTION ATTRIBUTE
 FRAGRANCE/ODOR
 AESTHETIC APPEARANCE
 HUMIDITY INCREASE
 HAZARD POTENTIAL:-- SOLID WASTE POTENTIAL, SUCEPTIBILITY
TO WIND FLOW, DISTURBING SMELL, POISONOUS FRUITS,
POISONOUS LEAVES
4. CULTURAL
 CLIENTS REQUIREMENTS
 AVAILIBILITY IN SUITABLE SIZE
 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENT
 TRANSPLANTATION LIMITATIONS
 COST OF TRANSPLANTATION
 CATTLE PRONENESS
  SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WIND FLOW
 MULTIPLE UTILITY
 PRONE TO VANDALISM
 EXPERIENCE FACTOR
5. OPERATIONAL

 CLIMATOLOGICAL TOLERANCE
 CITY TOLERANCE
 HARDINESS
 RESISTANCE TO PESTS/ INSECTS
 SOIL TEXTURE/ SENSITIVITY
 SOIL CHEMESTRY TOLERANCE
 LEAFING CHARACTER
 LIGHT REQUIREMENT
 GROWTH RATE

Q7. Elaborate on sculpture, its uses and types with appropriate

use in the process of landscape design and planning?

A sculpture is more than just a three dimensional object.

3 FUNDAMENTALS MUST BE PRESENT:

 FORM: the configuration the idea takes whether recognizable or not

that demonstrates skillful use of elements and principles.
 CONTENT: the emotion, passion or message the sculptor intends to
convey and how the viewer interacts with the piece.
 TECHNIQUE: the sculptors ability to effectively use materials and
tools.

Positioning the sculpture in the garden height

 The height of a sculpture, in relation to the eye-level of the viewer

and of the height of the other plants and sculptures is a crucial aspect
of siting.
  Obviously this cannot be perfectly controlled, as the eye level varies
depending on body height (between 1.4 and 1.8m) and changes with
the laws of perspective as you can approach the work.

Positioning the sculpture in the garden plinth

 A plinth provides the practical means to regulate height of a

sculpture and can be fabricated from wood, metal or stone.
 There are solid plinths made from wood or stone or more fine and
less visually intrusive supports made from steel.

Positioning the sculpture in the garden lawn

 If the sculpture rests on the grass it gives a more casual impression:

symbolically the sculpture shares the same ground as humans,
animals and garden. It grows from the earth that also nurtures the
vegetation.

SCALE OF A SCULPTURE

 Choosing the right position is really a matter of scale: the smallest

sculpture suitable for the outdoors might be 50 cm high on a plinth in
a narrow courtyard or the above mentioned green caves
 Larger or even monumental sculpture need more space.
 As size increases the location escalates from open lawns, still
protected and enclosed by trees.

TYPES OF SCULPTURES

 LOW RELIEF
 HIGH RELIEF
 SUNK RELIEF
 COUNTER RELIEF
 FREE STANDING
 KINETIC
 ASSERMBLAGE
 COLOR
 MASS
  NEGATIVE SPACES

GARDEN SCULPTURES

 FRONTAL OR ROUND:- The issue of space relates to how a

sculpture can be viewed
 STYLE:- formal gardens often surround historic buildings
 TEXTURE AND PATTERN:- The surface material quality, it is a
crucial aesthetic dimension of both garden design and sculpture
varies depending on material and the use of tools
 FOCUS: - Garden designers often use a sculpture as a focal point.
Focus slows down the journey through the garden by stopping and
directing the gaze as well as the feet traversing through its expanse.
 LIGHT AND SHADE: - sculpture is divided into shaded and sunlit
areas, in places quite randomly against the grain of the form and
render it invisible and flat.
 COLOUR:- Color in sculpture and plants is yet another means of
manipulating the space and directing visitors attention depth can be
created and flatness simulated.