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Abstract— This paper describes a practical method to verify the loop-back time for an application that may not bring to a real
GOOSE performances of IEC 61850 protection relays. With advantage for relay protection applications.
reference to a breaker failure protection situation, one protection
IED sends a direct intertrip command to another protection IED. This paper proposes a different test method, which has the
The tests performed measure and compare the total operate time purpose to be more related to relay protection applications.
of the direct intertrip relay application implemented with
GOOSE technology and with conventional technology. II. GOOSE TRANSFER TIME
Measurements of the partial times in the system chain suggest an
additional test method - compared to the so called ping pong time Part 5 of the IEC 61850 standard [1] contains transfer time
(or loop back time) - that could give IEC 61850 GOOSE performance requirements for GOOSE messages, listed
information that more related to relay protection applications. according to their performance classes P1, P2 and P3 (see table
I).
Keywords - Performance Recommendations for IEC 61850
Applications; Methods to Evaluate Transfer time; Comparison of
GOOSE technology with conventional technology; GOOSE
Performance test
I. INTRODUCTION
The international standard for power utility automation,
IEC 61850, has quickly been established in the substation
engineering for several applications like vertical
communication (reporting) to Station HMI and horizontal
communication (GOOSE) among Intelligent Electronic
TABLE I: Performance requirements for different signal types according to
Devices (IEDs) in different bays to achieve interlocking logics. IEC 61850-5. Partial table
Several substations have been commissioned where the
horizontal communication (GOOSE) is used to perform relay Part 5 of the IEC 61850 standard contains also a definition
protection tasks like bay intertripping (breaker failure), of the GOOSE transfer time, described in figure 1:
upstream overcurrent blocking etc. In principle it has to be
recognized that relay applications with the IEC 61850 standard
(GOOSE messages) is not considered as default choice.
One of the points of discussion in the use of GOOSE
messages for relay protection applications is the evaluation of
the speed performances that can be achieved with the GOOSE
technology.
The description of the GOOSE transfer time in the IEC
61850 standard does not allow the relay protection engineer to
verify the timing by himself.
Figure 1: GOOSE transfer time.
Recently a new test proposal has been circulating in the
technical community, known as loop back transfer time, or It is normally not possible for end users to measure the transfer
GOOSE acknowledge transfer time, or ping pong test [3]. This time as defined in the standard as it would require access to
proposal describes a test method that can be performed by any internal signals (A and B) for the protection IEDs that normally
user, but the test require the IED to perform a task for which it cannot be accessed.
is not basically designed and there is the risk to guide the
protection IED manufacturers towards an optimization of their
Figure 2: Loop back transfer time test. The loop back time is the difference
between t1 and t0 and includes the application time (loop-back arrow).
A. A trips B – Conventional Technology Figure 6: Connection of the test set to the tested system and mapping of BI2 to
a trip GOOSE message of IED A.
Figure 5 shows the test results for the intertrip scheme
obtained with the conventional technology. The tests have been Figure 7 shows the test results for the intertrip scheme
repeated 20 times and average times have been used for the obtained with the GOOSE technology. The total intertrip
evaluation. The total intertrip average time was 35.74 ms with a average time was 32.74 ms with a standard deviation of 2,16
standard deviation of 2.23 ms. ms.
Figure 7: Direct intertrip transfer time (t1 – t0 = 32.74 ms) implemented with
Figure 5: Direct intertrip transfer time (t1 – t0 = 35.74 ms) implemented with
GOOSE technology.
conventional technology.
C. Comparison between Conventional Technology and repeated 20 times and average times have been used for the
GOOSE Technology. evaluation.
The total intertrip time measured with the The total intertrip average time is 34.93 ms with a standard
conventional technology was 35.74 ms compared to the deviation of 0.88 ms.
result obtained with GOOSE technology, which was 32.74
ms. This means that GOOSE technology is typically 3 ms
faster than the conventional technology.
Figure 8 shows the total intertrip times measured with both
technologies, where the average difference of 3 ms can be
noticed.
Figure 9: Direct intertrip transfer time (t1 – t0 = 34.93 ms) implemented with
conventional technology.
Figure 12: Typical operate time for a protection measured from the trip
contact and from a published GOOSE message.