BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

(INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW TO

CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS)

by: Igo Basa Depaz Jr.

Architecture/DT Department
 16 DIVISION
(UNIFORM CONSTRUCTION INDEX/
MASTERFORMAT)
16 DIVISION
 DIVISION 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
 DIVISION 2: SITE WORKS

 DIVISION 3: CONCRETE
 DIVISION 4: MASONRY
 DIVISION 5: METALS
 DIVISION 6: WOOD & PLASTICS
 DIVISION 7: THERMAL & MOISTURE PROTECTION
 DIVISION 8: DOORS & WINDOWS
16 DIVISION
 DIVISION 9: FINISHES
 DIVISION 10: SPECIALTIES
 DIVISION 11: EQUIPMENT
 DIVISION 12: FURNISHINGS
 DIVISION 13: SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
 DIVISION 14: CONVEYING SYSTEMS
 DIVISION 15: MECHANICAL
 DIVISION 16: ELECTRICAL
MATERIAL PROPERTY
MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
 1: THERMAL EXPANSION
 2: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
 3: SOUND ABSORPTION
 4: STRENGTH & STRESS
 5: HARDNESS
 6: BRITTLENESS
 7: DUCTILITY
 8: MALLEABILITY
 9: ELASTICITY
MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
 10: WEATHERABILITY
 11: ABRASION RESISTANCE
 12: THERMAL RESISTIVITY
 13: ACID RESISTANCE
 14: FIRE RESISTANCE
 15: IMPACT RESISTANCE
 16: PLASTICITY
 17: VISCOSITY
 18: TEAR RESISTANCE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
 19: ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE
 20: PERMEABILITY
 21: CORROSION RESISTANCE
DIVISION 3
(CONCRETE)
DIVISION 3: (CONCRETE)
 CONCRETE: an artificial, stonelike building
material made by mixing cement and various
mineral aggregates with sufficient water to
cause the cement to set and bind the entire
mass.
 A composite construction material composed
primarily of: cement, aggregates, water and
admixtures.
 + +
CEMENT AGGREGATE WATER
 Cement/Aggregates/Water:
 CEMENT: a calcined mixture of clay and
limestone, finely pulverized and used as an
ingredient in concrete and mortar.
*HYDRAULIC CEMENT- is a bonding agent that reacts
with water to form a stone-like substance that is resistant to
the disintegration in water.
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> 2 widely used cement blends employed in
the preparation of CONCRETE:
* PORTLAND Cement
* POZZOLAN Cement
 PORTLAND Cement: a hydraulic cement
made by burning a mixture of clay and
limestone and pulverizing the resulting
clinker into a very fine powder.
- a widely used in various small and large
constructions including roads and highways.
 5 types of PORTLAND Cement:

 TYPE I (NORMAL)- used for general construction

having none of the distinguishing qualities of the
other types. It is also the least costly and reaches
the full strength after 28 days.
 TYPE II (MODERATE)- moderate heat portland
cement used for large concrete pours where less
heat is desired during the concrete set.
 TYPE III (HIGH EARLY STRENGTH)- gives more
strength before 28 days than TYPE 1.
 TYPE IV (LOW HEAT)- used in the construction
of massive concrete structures, as gravity
dams,
 TYPE V (SULFATE RESISTING)- the most
expensive cement used where resistance to
severe sulfate action is required.
 POZZOLAN Cement: a hydraulic cement
consisting of a mixture of portland cement
and definite amounts of natural and artificial
pozzolanic materials like volcanic stuff, shale,
clay, fly ash, blast furnace , slag, burnt clay
- named after a natural cement from
Pozzuolli- an Italian town where Pozzolana
was found.
Types of POZZOLAN Cement:

 TYPE P- used for general construction where

high initial strength of the concrete before 28
days is not required. However, after 28 days, it
meets the compressive strength .
 TYPE 1P- an early strength cement and is
required for more critical concrete works.
 AGGREGATES: are inert materials when
bound together into a conglomerated mass by
Portland cement and water form concrete,
mortar or plaster.
- The aggregates component is about 75% of
the total mass of concrete.
--------------------------------------------------------
> 2 classification of AGGREGATES:
* COARSE Aggregate
* FINE Aggregate
 COARSE Aggregate: is that portion of an
aggregates that is retained on number 4 (4.76
mm) sieve.
--------------------------------------------------------
> 4 kinds of common COARSE Aggregates:
1. Limestone or calcium-bearing mat’ls.
2. Basalts, granite & related igneous rock.
3. Sandstone & quartzite.
4. Rock such as opal & chert..
 FINE Aggregate: the product of natural
disintegration of silica-bearing or calcium-
bearing rock.
-it is also manufactured from large pieces of
aggregate by crushing, grinding or rolling.
 CONCRETE Chemistry: the chemical
reaction between portland cement and
water is the principal action in the
chemistry of concrete. Portland cement by
itself does not provide a cementing binder.
The cementing gel is formed by the
reaction of portland cement and water.
Without water, there will be no reaction.
Thus, no hardening will occur.
CONCRETE PROPORTION
 CONRETE PROPORTIONS:
Varying the amount of cement, fine and course
aggregates and water in a given volume of concrete
results in different strengths of the mixture.
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CLASS OF CONCRETE CSG by VOLUME PROBABLE STRENGTH

(AFTER 28 DAYS)
- CLASS AA 1:1-1/2:3 4000-3500 psi
- CLASS A 1:2:4 3000-2500 psi
- CLASS B 1:2-1/2:5 2000-1500 psi
- CLASS C 1:3:6 1000- 500 psi
- CLASS D 1:3-1/2:7 Less than 500 psi

*NOTE: CSG STANDS FOR “CEMENT, SAND & GRAVEL”

TYPES OF CONCRETE
TYPES OF CONCRETE:
Though concrete is seen by many as a single
material, it can be produced w/ many variable
characteristics such as,
 LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
 HEAVYWEIGHT CONCRETE
 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
 SHOTCRETE
 LIMECRETE
 PREPLACED
 PUMPED
 CAP GRADED
 CELLULAR
 INSULATING CONCRETE
 And others.
 LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE: a concrete
made with aggregate of low specific gravity
and weighing less than normal concrete.
 STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT : concrete
made with strong lightweight aggregate as
expanded shale or slate.
- commonly used in buildings, roads, bridges
etc.
 HEAVYWEIGHT
CONCRETE:
 uses heavy natural aggregates
such as barites or magnetite or
manufactured aggregates such as
iron or lead shot.
 commonly used as a
counterweight for lift bridges.
 primary used as a radiation
shielding either in nuclear power
plant or radiation therapy units.
 SHOTCRETE: is a concrete conveyed through
a hose & pneumatically projected at high
velocity onto a surface as a construction
technique.
TYPES OF CONCRETE FINISHES
TYPES OF CONCRETE FINISHES:
 INTEGRALLY PIGMENTED FINISH
 SCREEDED TROWELLED
 BROOMED
 STAMPED
 EXPOSED AGGREGATES
 BURLAP DRAG
 TRAVERTINE & ROCK SALT
 FORMED BOARDS
 FORM LINER FINISH
 DIMPLED
 SWIRL
INTEGRALLY PIGMENTED FINISH
SCREEDED
TROWELLED
BROOMED
STAMPED
 EXPOSED
AGGREGATE
THE END