Parkinson’s

Disease
Degenerative and Progressive Disorder
 Table of Contents

About PD Diagnosis
Overview of Parkinson’s How do detect for PD?
Disease. What causes it?

Symptoms Treatments
What happen to the patient What can we do about it?
with PD?
 01
Parkinson’s
Disease
Overview
● brain disorder
|
less ability for muscle control
|
get worse over time

● men & women

|
50% more men than women

● aged-linked
|
60+ or 50+ for early-onset (5-10%)
What causes PD?

● neurons in an area of the brain that

controls movement impaire and/or die
|
less dopamine produced
(neurotransmitter functions movement)
|
movement problems
 02
Symptoms
of Parkinson’s Disease
4 Main Symptoms of PD

Tremor
trembling in hands, arms, legs, jaw, or head

Stiffness
of the limbs and trunk

Slowness
of movement

Impaired balance and coordination

sometimes leading to falls
 03
Diagnosis
of Parkinson’s Disease
 Noticeable from Early Symptoms
● no accurate medical tests for PD
● person's medical history and a neurological examination

Having mild tremors ● Lacking face ● Speaking too softly.

or having difficulty expressions. ● Writing is slow and
getting out of a chair ● Moving arms or looks cramped or
legs abnormally. small.
 04
Treatments
of Parkinson’s Disease
 Symptoms Relievers

Medicines

Surgical
Treatment

Other Therapies

There is no cure for the disease, so what

can be done is to relieve some symptoms.
Medicines for PD

Drugs that increase the level of dopamine

in the brain

Drugs that affect other brain chemicals in

the body

Drugs that help control nonmotor

symptoms
 Therapies

Levodopa or L-dopa
● Nerve cells use levodopa to make
dopamine to enable more movement.
● Levodopa is taken along with carbidopa
medication.

Carbidopa:
● reduces the side effects of levodopa
therapy (nausea, vomiting, low blood
pressure)
● reduces the amount of levodopa needed
Caution:
Suddenly stopping the drug
may have serious side effects,
such as being unable to move
or having difficulty breathing.
Surgical Treatment

Deep Brain Stimulation

● For patient who don’t respond well to
medication.
● Surgically implantation of electrodes to
brain part, connecting with device
implanted in the chest.
● Device stimulate the brain, which helps
stop some symptoms of PD.
Other Therapies

Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapies

Help with walking and voice disorders, tremors and

rigidity, and decline in mental functions.

Healthy diet and exercises

To strengthen muscles and improve balance.
 Recommendations

● Regular aerobic exercise might reduce the risk

● Consuming caffeine to protect against PD.
○ No prove yet
○ Research shows that people who drink tea, coffee, and
cola get PD less often.
 References

● Mayo Clinic Staff. (2020, August 7). Parkinson’s disease. Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/sy
c-20376055

● Parkinson’s Disease. (2017, May 16). National Institute on Aging.

https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease#:%7E:text=Parkinson’s%20disease%20is%
20a%20brain,have%20difficulty%20walking%20and%20talking.
Thank
You
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