An​ ​anesthesia machine​ is a device that is used to deliver a precisely known but variable gas

mixture including ​anesthetic​ and l​ife-sustaining gases​ to the patient's respiratory system.

The basic function is :

1. To receive compressed gases from their supplies

2. To create a safe gas mixture of known composite and flow rate
3. To deliver the gas mixture to the patient at a safe pressure

Components of an Anesthesia machine

Electrical
❖ Master switch
❖ Power failure indicator
❖ Reserve power
❖ Electrical outlet
❖ Circuit breakers
❖ Data communication port

Pneumatic
❖ High-pressure system - from cylinder to pressure reducing valves
❖ Intermediate pressure system - from pressure reducing valves to flowmeters
❖ Low-pressure system - from flowmeters to the common gas outlet machine

The need for pressure zones???

● Gases are supplied under tremendous pressure for the convenience of storage and
transport.
● The anesthesia machine receives medical gases from a gas supply; controls the flow of
desired gases reducing their pressure, to a safe level.
● So the pressure inside a source ( cylinder or pipeline ) must be brought to a certain level
before it can be used for the purpose of ventilation.
● And it needs to be supplied at constant pressure, otherwise, the flow meter would need
continuous adjustment.
● This is achieved by bringing down the pressure of gas supply in a graded manner with
the help of three pressure reducing zones.
● Thus the pneumatic part of the machine can be conveniently divided into three parts-
high, intermediate and low-pressure systems
 ● Connections to piped hospital oxygen, medical air, and nitrous oxide. (DISS) (45-50psi)
● Reserve gas cylinders of oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide attached via a specific yoke with
a Bodok seal. (PISS) (O2 cylinder-2000 psi; Nitrous oxide cylinder-750psi)
● A high-flow oxygen flush which provides pure oxygen at 30-75 liters/minute
● Pressure gauges, regulators and 'pop-off' valves, to protect the machine components
and patient from high-pressure gases
● Flow meters (rotameters) for oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide
● Updated vaporizers to provide accurate dosage control when using volatile anesthetics
● An integrated ventilator to properly ventilate the patient during administration of
anesthesia
● A manual ventilation bag in combination with an Adjustable Pressure Limiting (APL)
valve Systems for monitoring the gases being administered to, and exhaled by the
patient
● Systems for monitoring the patient's heart rate, ECG, blood pressure, and oxygen
saturation, in some cases with additional options for monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide
and temperature.
Safety features
Purpose
★ To prevent delivery of hypoxic mixture
★ To prevent excessive pressures which can be traumatic to the patient

● Diameter index safety system

● Pin index safety system
● A unidirectional (check) valve prevents reversed gas flow from the machine into the
piping system
● Pressure regulators have safety relief valves. If due to any reason there is a build-up of
pressure in pressure regulator then the safety valve blow off at a set pressure of 525 k
pa(70psi)
● Oxygen supply failure alarm - ASTM standard specifies that whenever the oxygen supply
pressure falls below a certain threshold (usually 30 psig), alarm must get activated within
5 seconds. It should not be possible to disable this alarm
● Oxygen failure safety device - ​The anesthesia gas supply device shall be designed so that
whenever O2 supply pressure is reduced to below the manufacturer specified minimum, the
delivered O2 concentration shall not decrease below 19% at the common gas outlet.”