Economies and diseconomies of scale - cost functions. UNIT III Market structure - characteristics - Pricing and output decisions - methods of pricing - differential pricing - Government intervention and pricing. UNIT IV Profit - Meaning and nature - Profit policies - Profit planning and forecasting - Cost volume profit analysis - Investment analysis. UNIT V National Income - Business cycle - inflation and deflation - balance of payments - Monetary and Fiscal Policies REFERENCE 1. Joel Dean - Managerial Economics, Prentice Hall/Pearson. 2. Rangarajan - Principles of Macro Economics, Tata McGraw Hill. 3. Athmanand.R., Managerial Economics, Excel, New Delhi, 2002. 4. P.L.Mehta, Managerial Economics, S.Chand and Sons Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2004. 5. Peterson Lewis, Managerial Economics, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2002. 7. MBA -Human Resourse Mgt.-2011-12 -SDE Page 4 of 22 1.3. Accounting and Finance for Managers UNIT I Financial Accounting - Definition - Accounting Principles - Concepts and conventions - Trial Balance – Final Accounts (Problems) - Depreciation Methods-Straight line method, Written down value method. UNIT II Financial Statement Analysis - Objectives - Techniques of Financial Statement Analysis: Accounting Ratios: construction of balance sheet using ratios (problems)-Dupont analysis. Fund Flow Statement - Statement of Changes in Working Capital - Preparation of Fund Flow Statement - Cash Flow Statement Analysis- Distinction between Fund Flow and Cash Flow Statement. Problems UNIT III Cost Accounting - Meaning - Distinction between Financial Accounting and Cost Accounting - Cost Terminology: Cost, Cost Centre, Cost Unit - Elements of Cost - Cost Sheet - Problems. Budget, Budgeting, and Budgeting Control - Types of Budgets - Preparation of Flexible and fixed Budgets, master budget and Cash Budget - Problems -Zero Base Budgeting. Marginal Costing - Definition - distinction between marginal costing and absorption costing - Break even point Analysis - Contribution, p/v Ratio, margin of safety - Decision making under marginal costing system-key factor analysis, make or buy decisions, export decision, sales mix decision-Problems UNIT IV Objectives and functions of Financial Management - Role of Financial Management in the organisation - Risk-Return relationship- Time value of money concepts - Indian Financial system - Legal, Regulatory and tax framework. Sources of Long term finance - Features of Capital market development in India - Role of SEBI in Capital Issues. Capital Budgeting - methods of appraisal - Conflict in criteria for evaluation - Capital