You are on page 1of 4

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/345007344

Searching for comfort in religion: insecurity and religious behaviour during


the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

Article  in  European Societies · October 2020


DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2020.1836383

CITATIONS

10 authors, including:

Francesco Molteni Ferruccio Biolcati


University of Milan University of Milan
19 PUBLICATIONS   37 CITATIONS    23 PUBLICATIONS   68 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Giulia M. Dotti Sani Simona Guglielmi


University of Milano University of Milan
34 PUBLICATIONS   279 CITATIONS    23 PUBLICATIONS   19 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Conspiracy theories and politics in Italy and beyond View project

How long is too long? Maternity interruptions and income inequality in older age View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Francesco Molteni on 30 October 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.


Searching for comfort in religion: insecurity and religious behaviour
during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

Francesco Molteni, Riccardo Ladini, Ferruccio Biolcati, Antonio M. Chiesi, Giulia Maria Dotti Sani,
Simona Guglielmi, Marco Maraffi, Andrea Pedrazzani, Paolo Segatti & Cristiano Vezzoni

ABSTRACT
The impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the lives of many is indisputable. Among the
possible strategies to cope with the feeling of insecurity that comes with this, religion can play a
significant role. Using firsthand data from the ResPOnsE COVID-19 rolling cross-section survey, this
article shows that Italian people who reported a COVID-19 contagion in their family reported also
higher religiosity both in terms of attendance at religious services (via web, radio and tv) and prayer
during the pandemic. The result holds primarily for those who received religious socialization during
their childhood, and this reinforces the role of family transmission as a way to shape religious beliefs
and behaviours and to provide individuals with religious coping strategies. These findings suggest
that under dramatic circumstances a short-term religious revival is possible, even in contexts where
the process of secularization is ongoing.

Keywords: religiosity; insecurity theory; COVID-19; Italy

The full article is available here:


https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616696.2020.1836383
References
Bentzen, J. S. (2019) ‘Acts of God? religiosity and natural disasters across subnational world districts’, The Economic
Journal 129(622): 2295–2321.

Bentzen, J. S. (2020) ‘In crisis, we pray: religiosity and the COVID-19 pandemic’,Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-
Time Papers 20: 52–79.

Brandt, M. J. and Henry, P. J. (2012) ‘Psychological defensiveness as a mechanism explaining the relationship between
low socioeconomic status and religiosity’, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 22(4): 321–32.

Bruce, S. and Voas, D. (2016) ‘Do social crises cause religious revivals? What British church adherence rates show’,
Journal of Religion in Europe 9(1): 26–43.

Chen, D. L. (2010) ‘Club goods and group identity: Evidence from Islamic resurgence during the Indonesian financial
crisis’, Journal of Political Economy 118(2): 300–354.

Ellison, C. G. and George, L. K. (1994) ‘Religious involvement, social ties, and social support in a south-eastern
community’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 33(1): 46–61.

Garelli, F. (2020) ‘Virus e religiosità degli italiani’, Settimana News, April 2nd.
http://www.settimananews.it/chiesa/virus-religiosita-degli-italiani/.

Gecewicz, C. (2020) ‘Few Americans say their house of worship is open, but a quarter say their faith has grown amid
pandemic.’ Pew Research Center, April 30th. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/30/few-americans-
say-their-houseof-worship-is-open-but-a-quarter-say-their-religious-faith-has-grown-amidpandemic/.

Hoge, D. R., Petrillo, G. H. and Smith, E. I. (1982) ‘Transmission of religious and social values from parents to teenage
children’, Journal of Marriage and Family 44(3): 569–80.

Höllinger, F. and Muckenhuber, J. (2019) ‘Religiousness and existential insecurity: A cross-national comparative
analysis on the macro-and micro-level’, International Sociology 34(1): 19–37.

Immerzeel, T. and van Tubergen, F. (2011) ‘Religion as reassurance? Testing the insecurity theory in 26 European
countries’, European Sociological Review 29(2): 359–72.

International Monetary Fund (2020) World Economic Outlook Update, June 2020: A crisis like no other, an uncertain
recovery.

Kelley, J. and de Graaf, N. D. (1997) ‘National context, parental socialization, and religious belief: results from 15
nations’, American Sociological Review 62(4): 639–59.

Lim, C. and Putnam, R. D. (2010) ‘Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction’,American Sociological Review 75(6):
914–33.

McCullagh, P. (1980) ‘Regression models for ordinal data’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 42(2): 109–
127.

Molteni, F. (2020) A Need for Religion: Insecurity and Religiosity in the Contemporary World, Leiden: Brill. In press.

Norenzayan, A. and Hansen, I. G. (2006) ‘Belief in supernatural agents in the face of Death’, Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin 32(2): 174–87.

Norris, P. and Inglehart, R. (2011) Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, New York: Cambridge
University Press.

Pargament, K. I. (1997) The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research and Practice, New York: Guilford.

Reeskens, T., Muis, Q., Sieben, I., Vandecasteele, L., Luijkx, R. and Halman, L. (2020) ‘Stability or change of public
opinion and values during the coronavirus crisis? Exploring Dutch longitudinal panel data’ European Societies, Online
first.

Remuzzi, A. and Remuzzi, G. (2020) ‘COVID-19 and Italy: What next?’, The Lancet 395: 1225–8.
Ruiter, S. and van Tubergen, F. (2009) ‘Religious attendance in cross-national perspective: A multilevel analysis of 60
countries’, American Journal of Sociology 115(3): 863–95.

Sibley, C. G. and Bulbulia, J. (2012) ‘Faith after an earthquake: A longitudinal study of religion and perceived health
before and after the 2011 Christchurch New Zealand earthquake’, PLoS ONE 7(12): e49648.

Solomon, S., Greenberg J., and Pyszczynski, T. (1991) ‘A terror management theory of social behavior: The
psychological functions of self-esteem and cultural worldviews.’ in Zanna, M. (ed), Advances in Experimental Social
Psychology, Orlando FL: Academic Press, pp. 91–159.

Stark, R. (1996) The Rise of Christianity: A Sociologist Reconsiders History, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Storm, I. (2017) ‘Does economic insecurity predict religiosity? Evidence from the European Social Survey 2002-2014’,
Sociology of Religion 78(2): 146–72.

Storm, I. and Voas, D. (2012) ‘The intergenerational transmission of religious service attendance’, Nordic Journal of
Religion and Society 25(2): 131–50.

Stolz, J. (2009) ‘Explaining religiosity: towards a unified theoretical model’, British Journal of Sociology 60(2): 345–
376.

Swidler, A. (1986) ‘Culture in action: Symbols and strategies’, American Sociological Review 51(2): 273–86.

Swidler, A. (2001) Talk of Love: How Culture Matters, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Uecker, J. E. (2008) ‘Religious and spiritual responses to 9/11: Evidence from the add health study’, Sociological
Spectrum 28: 477–509.

Vail, K. E., Rothschild, Z. K., Weise, D. R., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T. and Greenberg, J. (2010) ‘A terror management
analysis of the psychological functions of religion’, Personality and Social Psychology Review 14(1): 84–94.

Vezzoni, C. and Biolcati-Rinaldi, F. (2015) ‘Church attendance and religious change in Italy, 1968-2010: A multilevel
analysis of pooled datasets’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 54(1): 100–118.

Vezzoni, C., Ladini, R., Molteni, F., Dotti Sani, G. M., Biolcati, F., Chiesi, A. M., Guglielmi, S., Maraffi, M., Pedrazzani, A. and
Segatti, P. (2020) ‘Investigating the social, economic and political consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: A
rolling cross-section approach’, Survey Research Methods 14(2): 187–94.

Voas, D. and Chaves, M. (2016) ‘Is the United States a counterexample to the secularization thesis?’, American Journal
of Sociology 121(5): 1517–56.

Zapata, O. (2018) ‘Turning to God in tough times? Human versus material losses from climate disasters in Canada’,
Disaster and Climate Change Economics 2(3): 259–81.

View publication stats

You might also like