AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE® fumed

metal oxides for powder coatings

Technical Information 1340

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TI_1340_1_7_2015.indd 2 12/10/2015 12:16:36 PM
 Table of contents
Page

1 Introduction 4

2 Technical Fundamentals of AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE® for Powder Coatings 4

3 New Investigations on AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE® in Powder Coatings 7

4 Test Methods 8
4.1 Flowability 8
4.1.1 Angle of Repose 8
4.1.2 Bed Expansion 8
4.2 Transfer Efficiency 8
4.3 Faraday Cage Effect 8
4.4 Gloss 9
4.5 Gel Time 9

5 AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE® Products in Polyester based

Powder Coatings (Corona Application) 9
5.1 Flowability 9
5.1.1 Angle of Repose Test 9
5.1.2 Bed Expansion Test 10
5.2 Transfer Efficiency 11
5.3 Faraday Cage Effect 11
5.4 Gloss 12
5.5 Gel Time 12

6 AEROXIDE® Products in Polyester based Powder Coatings (Tribo Application) 12

6.1 Transfer Efficiency 12
6.2 Faraday Cage Effect 13

7 Physico-Chemical Data and Registration of AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE® 14

8 Conclusion 15

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 1 Introduction
The global market for powder coatings is expected to
grow at rates higher than liquid coatings due to the ongoing
shift from conventional solvent-borne to more environmental-
ly-friendly coating systems. The overall growth rate is estimat-
ed to be in the range of 5 – 6 % in the years ahead. While North
America and Western Europe should see a more moderate
growth, an above average increase in powder coatings produc-
tion and consumption is expected for South-East-Asia, China,
India and Eastern Europe.
In order to remain competitive, it will be essential for powder
coating manufacturers to develop innovative solutions and
systems offering superior performance. Differentiation from
the competition can be achieved by demonstrating proper-
ties such as free flow, transfer efficiency and edge covering.
AEROSIL® fumed silica and AEROXIDE® fumed oxides are well
known for enhancing and optimizing manufacturing, quality,
appearance and overall performance of powder coatings.
A recent study performed between the Evonik Industries AG
and the University of Western Ontario, Canada, shows the
performance of newly developed fumed oxides in comparison
to the established product range of AEROSIL® fumed silica and
AEROXIDE® fumed oxides. All tests were conducted in a
polyester based coarse powder coating in comparison to a
fine powder coating system and we will present the findings
beginning in Chapter 3.
TI_1340_1_7_2015.indd 4
2  Technical Fundamentals of AEROSIL®
and AEROXIDE® for Powder Coatings
AEROSIL® fumed silica is an amorphous silicon dioxide with an
extremely small primary particle size. Hydrolysis of chlorosi-
lanes in an oxygen-hydrogen flame produces this fluffy white
powder of high purity. Primary particles in the range of 7 to
40 nm result, in a wide range of specific surface areas, from
380 down to 50 m2/g. By using the AEROSIL® process, other
special oxides (brand name AEROXIDE®) such as fumed alu-
minium oxide, titanium dioxide or zirconium oxide have been
developed.
AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE®
• Improve free flow characteristics
• Enhance storage stability
• Reduce moisture pick-up
• Improve edge covering
• AEROXIDE® Alu C increases the electropositive
chargeability of tribo powders
To considerably improve free flow properties, 0.1 to 0.3 %
by weight (on total) of AEROSIL® fumed oxides should be
added to the powder coating. When incorporating AEROSIL®
fumed oxides by suitable feeders before the final milling step,
high homogeneous distribution results throughout the powder
coating can be achieved. Another common incorporation
method is the addition of AEROSIL® fumed oxides at the end of
the milling process by dry blending (after classification). Using
this approach, there is a possibility that larger agglomerates
may remain. Finally, the manufacturer has the option to adjust
the incorporation to suit their specific processes and perfor-
mance requirements.
12/10/2015 12:16:37 PM
 The electrostatic charge of the powder coating will not
be adversely affected, regardless of whether the powder
has a positive or negative charge. The use of hydrophobic
AEROSIL® grades will ensure a long-lasting and consistent
chargeability due to its moisture protection. The generally very
low added amounts of < 0.5 % do not negatively influence the
levelling of the powder coatings during curing.
AEROXIDE® Alu C, which is produced using the same pro-
cess as the AEROSIL® fumed silica, has a special, dual perfor-
mance enhancement status. Unlike most AEROSIL® products,
which have strong tendencies toward negative charges,
AEROXIDE® Alu C has a strong tendency to a positive charge.
For this reason, this product is often used in powder coatings
that are triboelectrically applied, both to increase the electro-
positive charge of the powder coating during application to
enhance the deposition or transfer efficiency and also to re-
duce static charge build-up in the final powder coating which
can negatively influence bulk flow properties.

Table 1 General overview of the use of AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE® fumed

Powder Coatings Systems Products Concentration in wt % Effect

Thermosettings Powders AEROSIL® 200, 0.1 – 0.3 - Free flow additive
• Low molecular weight epoxy AEROSIL® 380, 0.1 – 0.3 - Anti-caking
• TGIC-polyester AEROSIL® R 972, 0.1 – 0.3 (prevention of moisture pick-up)
• Epoxy polyester hybrids AEROSIL® R 812, 0.1 – 0.3
• Polyurethanes AEROSIL® R 8200 0.1 – 0.3
• Acrylics
AEROXIDE® Alu C, 0.1 – 0.3
AEROXIDE® Alu C 805

Thermoplastic Powders AEROSIL® R 972, 0.1 – 0.3 - Free flow additive

• Vinyl AEROSIL® R 812, 0.1 – 0.3 - Anti-caking
• Nylon AEROSIL® R 8200 0.1 – 0.3 (prevention of moisture pick-up)
• Polyolefin
• Fluorcarbon types AEROXIDE® Alu C, 0.1 – 0.3
AEROXIDE® Alu C 805

Tribopowders AEROXIDE® Alu C, 0.1 –  0.3 - Free flow additive

• Epoxy polyester hybrids AEROXIDE® Alu 130 - Increase in electropositive charge
• Epoxy acrylate hybrids (tribo)

AEROSIL® 200 and AEROSIL® 380 are hydrophilic fumed AEROSIL® R 972 imparts a slight hydrophobic character to the
silicas which can be added into the hopper at 0.1 - 0.3 % by powder preventing moisture pick-up during storage which
weight (based on total) to improve blending of powders giving can cause caking. AEROSIL® R 972 can be dry blended after
a more homogeneous dry mix ready to be fed into the extrud- pulverization if it is not possible to add prior due to being
er. Processing rheology is improved which allows for faster separated out in the classifiers. The loading levels of
throughput and less hang-up in the extruder. AEROSIL® R 972 are within the same range whether added
before or after pulverization, however, before pulverization
AEROSIL® R 972 is a hydrophobic fumed silica which can be gives the optimum results.
added into the hopper at 0.1 – 0.3 % by weight (based on total)
to improve blending and give a more homogeneous dry mix.
Excessive static charge build-up of powdered raw materials
in the hopper causes fine particle size components to cling to
the walls preventing a homogeneous blend and the feeding of
material into the extruder. AEROSIL® R 972 can also be added
at 0.1 – 0.3 % by weight (based on total) before pulverization
and ground with the powder to reduce static charge, improve
flow of the final product and flow during deposition.

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 AEROSIL® R 812 and AEROSIL® R 8200 are HMDS treated
fumed silicas which are characterized by their strong
hydrophobicity. The very hydrophobic nature of these grades
provides an excellent moisture protection and an elevated
chargeability.

AEROXIDE® Alu C is a positively charged fumed aluminium

oxide which can be added before pulverization or dry blended as
an after treatment for all types of powder coatings. Due to the
positive charge, it is extremely suited for tribo applications
and in some cases AEROXIDE® Alu C makes non-tribo
chargeable powders tribo-chargeable. AEROXIDE® Alu C
and AEROXIDE® Alu 130 are included to reduce static charge
which reduces flow and assists the deposition of the powder
during application. Recommended loading levels are between
0.1 – 0.3 % by weight (based on total). The benefits of
AEROXIDE® Alu C and AEROXIDE® Alu 130 are due in part to
the fine particle size and distribution from our manufacturing
process and the surface charge of the particle itself.

AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 is an Octylsilane treated fumed

aluminium oxide. By adding 0.1 – 0.3 % by weight (on total) it
improves the flowability of all types of powder coatings. Due
to its hydrophobic character AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 reduces
moisture pick-up and enhances storage stability. AEROSIL® Fumed Silica improves free flow characteristics
right: Powder coating without AEROSIL® fumed silica
left: Powder coating with AEROSIL® R 972

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 3 New Investigations on AEROSIL®
and AEROXIDE® in Powder Coatings

This Technical Information brochure provides information The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effective-
regarding a recent study of performance properties including ness of different fumed silicas and aluminium oxides on the
flow behavior, which can be influenced by fumed silica or performance of powder coatings. All tests have been made in
aluminium oxides in a customary powder coating. Increasing a black polyester based formulation. To get a comprehensive
environmental concerns, combined with the need to contain overview about the performance in powder coatings of
costs and achieve improved appearance properties have different fineness, two particle sizes were chosen
accelerated the trend toward development of thinner powder (fine powder: d50 = 21.5 µm / coarse powder: d50 = 31.0 µm).
coating films. This is being achieved through the use of smaller The additive concentration was set 0.5 % by weight (based on
particle size powder coatings and as a consequence opens the total) for the fine and 0.3 % by weight (based on total) for the
door to using different additives to optimize performance. coarse powder coating. For both fine and coarse particles the
additives were incorporated into the powder coating with AMC
To meet the existing and future requirements of powder coat- milling equipment using proprietary technology of the Uni-
ings, two different particle sizes were included in the study and versity of Western Ontario, Canada. As a general rule, slightly
a variety of performance properties were tested. Specific at- higher loading levels of additive are needed to adequately
tention was paid to ultra fine powders, as good flow and spray cover smaller particle size powders. This is the background of
characteristics are known to be a challenge to achieve. the difference in loading levels, based on powder particle size.

Table 2 Evaluated fumed silica and aluminium oxides

Product Character BET Surface Tapped Density Surface Chargez

[m²/g] [g/L]

AEROSIL® 200 Hydrophilic Silica 200 ± 25 50 Negative

AEROSIL® R 812 Hydrophobic Silica 260 ± 30 60 Negative

AEROSIL® R 972 Hydrophobic Silica 110 ± 20 50 Negative

AEROXIDE® Alu C Hydrophilic Aluminium Oxide 100 ± 15 50 Positive

AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 Hydrophobic Aluminium Oxide 100 ± 15 50 Slightly Positive

AEROXIDE® Alu 130 Hydrophilic wwAluminium Oxide 130 ± 20 50 Positive

While use of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fumed silica The following tests have been performed with the
(AEROSIL®), and hydrophilic aluminium oxide (AEROXIDE®) polyester powder coatings:
are well known in the powder coatings industry, Evonik has
developed new fumed oxides, which enhance the properties • Angle of Repose (Flowability)
of powders. In cooperation with the University of Western • Bed Expansion (Flowability)
Ontario, Canada, these new particles were tested in compari- • Powder Transfer Efficiency
son to the established product portfolio offered by Evonik • Faraday Cage Effect
for many years. This Technical Information gives an overview • Gloss
about the performance of fumed oxides in a polyester based • Gel Time
powder coating including both, coarse and fine powders.
All products included in this study are listed in Table 2 with
their respective physical properties.

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 4  Test Methods

4.1  Flo wability 4.2  Transfer Efficiency

4.1.1  Angle of Repose
Angle of repose (AOR) is a commonly used parameter in
determining the flowability of a powder. It is defined as the
angle between the surface of the pile (formed by raining down
the powder to a flat surface) and the flat surface.
A lower angle of repose indicates a better flowability.
Transfer Efficiency tests were carried out with a GEMA manual
spray gzzun and an aluminium target panel of 30 cm in diam-
eter and 20 cm away from the gun. Each powder sample was
tested three times with an initial powder mass of 3 grams each
and the average transfer efficiency (E) was calculated from
these three results (E1, E 2 and E 3):

m1 m2 m3
E1+ E 2 + E 3 + +
4.1.2  Bed Expansion 3.0 3.0 3.0
Transfer Efficiency E = =
Bed expansion ratio (BER) is another commonly used param- 3 3
eter in determining the flowability of a powder. BER is defined
as the ratio of fluidized bed height H over the initial fixed bed
height H 0 , which changes with the air velocity passing through where m1, m 2 and m 3 were the powder mass transferred to the
the bed. A higher expansion ratio suggests improved powder target panel.
performance, fluidization ability and flowability.
4.3  Faraday Cage Effect
Faraday Cage Effect tests were conducted with a specially
designed aluminium panel of 7“ x 6“ with a 1“ deep x 1“ wide
trough located in the centre, as shown in the the picture below.

Three strips of aluminium sheets (1“ x 6“) were attached to

their corresponding positions (2 on the outside of the trough and
1 on the back wall inside the trough by small clips before spraying.

Aluminium panel and 3

strips of aluminum sheets
designed for the Faraday
Cage Effect test

Aluminium sheets

Aluminium panels
and fixed strips after
spraying

Acrylic column used for the bed expansion tests

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 5 AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE® Products
in Polyester based Powder Coatings
(Corona application)

Then the whole panel was hung in the spray booth with ground- All samples for the tests of fumed silica and fumed aluminium
ing connection. Each of the 3 strips was weighed before and after oxides were prepared as described in chapter 3. The proce-
each spray to get the mass of powder deposited. By comparing the dure for fluidization tests, transfer efficiency, Faraday Cage
powder mass on the back wall inside the trough (minternal) with Effect, gloss and gel time were done according to chapter 4.
the average powder mass on the 2 strips outside of the trough
(mouter) with
5.1 Flowability
mouter (top) + mouter (bottom)
mouter = , 5.1.1  Angle of Repose Test
2 In coarse as well as in fine polyester powder coatings,
AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 showed the highest positive impact
the Faraday Cage Effect can be determined by the ratio of on the flow characteristics among the tested fumed
these two mass numbers: aluminium oxides. The second best performing product was
AEROXIDE® Alu 130 for both particle sizes (Figure 1 and 2).
minternal
R=
mouter
Figure 1 Angle of Repose of aluminium oxides in a
coarse powder coating
with R = 1 denoting no Faraday Cage Effect and R = 0
representing a maximum Faraday Cage Effect and no 50

powder transferred to the internal surface.

Angle of Repose*

45

40

35
4.4 Gloss
30
The evaluation of the gloss values for the different samples
25
of coarse and fine polyester powder was performed with the
Novo-Gloss Gloss meter manufactured by Rohpoint Instru- 20
Control AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE®
mentation Ltd. According to the manufacturer, the assigned Alu C Alu C 805 Alu 130

value has an uncertainty value of 0.5 units at 95 % confidence

level. The selected angles of the incident light to carry on the * A low angle of repose indicates improved flow behaviour

test are 20 ˚ and 60 ˚, these values are widely used in industry
as a standard for gloss measurements. Each individual panel
was measured six times at different points to calculate the Figure 2 Angle of Repose of aluminium oxides in a
fine powder coating
average gloss value.
50
Angle of Repose*

45
4.5  Gel Time
The ASTM standard test method (D 4217-02) for gel time of a
40

thermosetting powder coating was used for this experiment. This 35

test method determines the amount of time required for a 30

thermosetting coating powder to gel on a metal surface at 25

a specified temperature. An equal mass of each sample was 20
placed on a heated surface at 200 °C with a variance of Control AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE®
Alu C Alu C 805 Alu 130
+/- 2 °C. The time between initial heating and the onset of
hardening, is defined as the gel time.
* A low angle of repose indicates improved flow behaviour

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 Regarding the use of fumed silica in the polyester based test
material, AEROSIL® R 812 and AEROSIL® 200 enhanced the
flow properties to a higher extent compared to all other tested
silica products (Figure 3 and 4). This statement can be applied
for the fine and coarse polyester powder coating.
Figure 3 Angle of Repose of silicas in a coarse powder coating
50
Angle of Repose*
5.1.2  Bed Expansion Test
In comparison to the angle of repose test, the bed expansion test
is the more direct characterization method when evaluating the
fluidization properties of a powder coating. In Figure 5 and 6, the
results for all silica and aluminium oxides are given. The graphics
show the air velocity U [cm/s], which is needed to obtain 20 %
bed expansion. The air velocity of the control without silica
or aluminium oxide was always > 1 cm/s. All tested silicas and
aluminium oxides clearly improve the flowability of the polyester
based powder coating in the bed expansion test.

45

40 For the fine polyester powder, aluminium oxides are observed

35
to be more effective compared to silica products with
AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 and AEROXIDE® Alu C performing
30
best. For the silica materials, the best result was obtained with
the hydrophobic AEROSIL® R 812. In the coarse powder
25

20 coating, fumed silicas were observed to be slightly better as

Control AEROSIL® AEROSIL® AEROSIL®
R 812 200 R 972 a fluidization additive. However results obtained with
AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 and AEROXIDE® Alu 130 are very
* A low angle of repose indicates improved flow behaviour close in performance.

Figure 5 Bed Expansion test with silica and aluminium oxides in the
Figure 4 Angle of Repose of silicas in a fine powder coating fine powder coating

50 0.5
Worse
Angle of Repose*

45
Air Velocity U [cm/s]

0.4
40
0.3
35
0.2
30
0.1
25
Better
20 0
Control AEROSIL® AEROSIL® AEROSIL® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROSIL® AEROSIL® AEROSIL®
R 812 200 R 972 Alu C 805 Alu C Alu 130 R 812 200 R 972

* A low angle of repose indicates improved flow behaviour

Figure 6 Bed Expansion test with silica and aluminium oxides in

the coarse powder coating
Overall it can be stated that all tested additives improve
the flow behaviour in the angle of repose test. Superior
0.5
flow properties are provided by AEROSIL® R 812, Worse

AEROSIL® 200 and AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 in the coarse and

Air Velocity U [cm/s]

0.4

fine polyester powder coating system. 0.3

0.2

0.1

Better
0
AEROSIL® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROSIL® AEROSIL® AEROXIDE®
R 812 Alu C 805 Alu 130 200 R 972 Alu C

10

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 As a summary of the overall result: for coarse and fine Table 3 Results of Transfer Efficiency in the fine powder coating
polyester powder coatings AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 and
AEROSIL® R 812 are the products which provide the highest Product AEROSIL® AEROSIL® AEROXIDE® Control
200 R 812 Alu C
efficiency concerning positive impact on fluidization. Due to
their hydrophobic nature, both materials, in addition to their Transfer
Efficiency [%] 77 72 71 66
excellent flow behaviour, prevent moisture pick up of the pow-
der coating during storage and processing. It must be noted
here that selection of the best additive to enhance fluidiza-
tion performance is always formulation dependent. It is very
possible that what works best in one system may not give the Table 4 Results of Transfer Efficiency in the coarse powder coating
optimum results in all formulations.
Product AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® Control
Alu 130 Alu C Alu C 805

5.2  Transfer Efficiency
To evaluate the transfer efficiency with the corona process, a
GEMA spray gun with a target panel of 30 cm diameter and
20 cm distance between panel and gun was used. 3 g of pow-
der coating were sprayed to cover the disks. The higher the
coverage of the disks after spraying, the more powder coating
was transferred. The drying time was ten minutes at 200 °C.
It was evident that the results for the transfer efficiency
are very much dependent on the particle size of the powder
coating. Additives which enhanced the transfer efficiency for
fine powders tended to reduce the transfer efficiency of the
coarse powder coating. In fine powders AEROSIL® 200 and
AEROSIL® R 812 performed best (Table 3) while in coarse
powders AEROXIDE® Alu 130 and AEROXIDE® Alu C gave
favourable results (Table 4).
Transfer
Efficiency [%] 80 78 75 65
5.3  Faraday Cage Effect
For the tests of the Faraday Cage Effect the powder coatings
were sprayed with the GEMA spray gun onto the panels. The
final evaluation of the covering effect was evaluated as out-
lined in chapter 4.3. A maximum Faraday Cage Effect provides
bad coverage and that corresponds to a low “R” value. R = 1
represents no Faraday Cage Effect and a uniform coverage
over the entire substrate.
In fine powder materials, silica additives help to overcome the
Faraday Cage Effect and achieve a more uniform coverage of
the substrate results show AEROSIL® R 812 clearly improves
this performance attribute.

Figure 7 Influence of AEROSIL® fumed silica on the Faraday Cage

Effect in a fine powder coating.
R = 1 denotes no Faraday Cage Effect (good substrate
coverage) and
R = 0 representing a maximum Faraday Cage Effect
(bad substrate coverage)

0.75
Better

0.72

0.69
R

0.66

0.63
Worse
0.60
AEROSIL® AEROSIL® AEROSIL® Control
R 812 200 R 972

11

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 6 AEROXIDE® Products in
Polyester based Powder Coatings
(Tribo Application)

In coarse powder materials, only AEROXIDE® Alu C 805
improved the coverage slightly. All other tested silica and
aluminium oxides did not provide noticeable benefits for the
Faraday Cage Effect.
In addition to the improvement of the flow properties, fumed
aluminium oxide is often used to improve the chargeability of
powders for the tribo application. For this reason, the influence
of different aluminium oxide additives on the transfer efficiency
and the Faraday Cage Effect was evaluated separately.

5.4 Gloss
Gloss reductions were observed from the addition of each of
the silica additives, for both incident angles (20° and 60°)
and for both coarse and fine powders. AEROSIL® R 972 pro-
vided less influence on the gloss compared to all other tested
fumed silicas.
6.1  Transfer Efficiency
The transfer efficiency was again performed as outlined in
chapter 4.2. For the tests of different aluminium oxides a tribo
application with a Nordson Tribomatic 631302C manual spray
gun was used.

The test results indicate that generally silica additives have
a greater impact to gloss than the aluminium oxide additi-ves.
Excellent performance was demonstrated by
AEROXIDE® Alu C 805, which did not influence the
gloss of the powder coatings panels.
All tested aluminium oxides improved the transfer efficiency of
the polyester material. While for the corona application the re-
sults are very much dependent on the particle size of the pow-
der coating (see chapter 5.2), AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 showed
a superior improvement of the transfer efficiency in the tribo
application, independent of the powder coating particle size.

5.5  Gel Time

For the gel times of coarse materials nearly no influence Figure 8 Transfer Efficiency of aluminium oxides in the coarse
polyester powder coating
was observed with AEROXIDE® Alu 130 and
AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 while AEROSIL® R 812 and
80
AEROSIL® 200 tended to prolong the gel time. The same
Transfer Efficiency E [%]

tendency was witnessed for the fine polyester powder coating, 75

but due to the reduced particle sizes the onset of hardening 70

was slightly faster compared to the coarse materials. 65

60

55

50
Control AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE®
Alu C 805 Alu C Alu 130

Figure 9 Transfer Efficiency of aluminium oxides in the

fine powder coating

80
Transfer Efficiency E [%]

75

70

65

60

55

50
Control AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE®
Alu C 805 Alu C Alu 130

12

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 6.2  Faraday Cage Effect
The Faraday Cage Effect was tested according to the method
described in chapter 4.3. For the spraying a Nordson
Tribomatic 631302C manual spray gun was used. A maximum
Faraday Cage Effect provides a bad coverage and that means a
low “R” value. R = 1 represents no Faraday Cage Effect and a
consistent coverage all over the substrate.

Figure 10 Faraday Cage Effect of the coarse powder coating with

tribo application

1.0
Better

0.8

0.6
R

0.4

0.2
Worse
0.0
Control AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE® AEROXIDE®
Alu C 805 Alu C Alu 130

In the coarse powder coating, an improvement in covering

the three-dimensional aluminium sheets was achieved with
all tested aluminium oxides. AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 and
AEROXIDE® Alu 130, in particular, showed a nice improve-
ment of the powder penetration (Figure 10).

In the fine powder coating only AEROXIDE® Alu 130 helped to

overcome the Faraday Effect and to enhance the powder penetra-
tion in deeply recessed areas of the aluminium sheet.

13

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 7 Physico-Chemical Data and Registration of AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE®

Table 5 Physico-chemical data and registration of AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE®

AEROSIL® AEROXIDE®
Testmethod Unit 200 380 R 972 R 812 R 8200 Alu 130 Alu C Alu C 805

Specific surface area (BET) m2/g 200 ± 25 380 ± 30 110 ± 20 260 ± 30 160 ± 25 130 ± 20 110 ± 15 90 ± 15

Tapped density
(approx. value ex plant)
acc. to DIN EN ISO 787/XI, Aug. 1983 g/l 50 50 50 60 140 50 50 50

Moisture
(ex plant) 2 hours at 105 °C wt. % ≤ 1.5 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 5.0 ≤ 5.0 ≤ 2.0

pH-value
in 4 % dispersion 3.7 – 4.7 3.7 – 4.7 3.6 – 4.4* 5.5 – 7.5 ≥ 5.0 4.4 – 5.4 4.5 – 5.5 3.0 – 4.5

Carbon content wt. % – – 0.6 – 1.2 2.0 – 3.0 2.0 – 4.0 – – 3.5 – 4.5

SiO2 -content
based on ignited material wt. % ≥ 99.8 ≥ 99.8 ≥ 99.8 ≥ 99.8 ≥ 99.8 ≤ 0.10 ≤ 0.10 ≤ 0.10

Al2O3 -content
based on ignited material wt. % ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≥ 99.8 ≥ 99.8 ≥ 95.0

* Production in Rheinfelden The data have no binding force.

EINECS TSCA (USA) MITI KECI IECS NZloC

(Europe) AICS (Australia) (Japan) (Korea) (China) (New Zealand)
DSL (Canada)
PICCS (Philippines)

AEROSIL® 200 registered registered registered registered registered registered

AEROSIL® 380 registered registered registered registered registered registered

AEROSIL® R 972 registered registered registered registered registered registered

AEROSIL® R 812 registered registered registered registered registered registered

AEROSIL® R 8200 registered registered registered registered registered registered

AEROXIDE® Alu C registered registered registered registered registered registered

AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 registered registered registered registered registered

AEROXIDE® Alu 130 registered registered registered registered registered registered

The data have no binding force.

14

TI_1340_1_7_2015.indd 14 12/10/2015 12:16:39 PM

 8 Conclusion

The study of fumed silicas and fumed aluminium

oxides in the polyester powder coatings has once again
confirmed the positive effects that nano structured
particles impart to powder coatings.

While AEROXIDE® Alu C, AEROSIL® 200,

AEROSIL® R 812 are well known for their excellent
suitability in enhancing the desired properties of powder
coatings, this study has shown that recent developments
such as AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 and AEROXIDE® Alu 130
offer additional benefits in the tested systems.

Consistent improvement was demonstrated in powder

coatings treated with hydrophobic aluminium oxide
AEROXIDE® Alu C 805, and it proved to be a very
efficient additive to improve the flow behavior in fine
and coarse powder coatings as well.

Focusing on the tribo application, the Transfer

Efficiency of AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 was superior in
both fine and coarse powders while the Faraday Cage
Effect was overcome especially in coarse materials.

For the specific system used for this study it can

be concluded that AEROXIDE® Alu C 805 and
AEROSIL® R 812 showed the best overall results and
can therefore be considered the most suitable additives
for both, coarse and fine particle size powders.

Our most recent product developments will enable you

to further improve the performance of your individual
powder coating systems in order to compete in the
growing powder coating market with highly innovative
product solutions. We will be happy to assist you with
our technical expertise to select the most suitable prod-
uct for your specific system.

15

TI_1340_1_7_2015.indd 15 12/10/2015 12:16:39 PM


Europe / Middle-East /
Africa / Latin America
Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH
Business Line Silica
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4
63457 Hanau
Germany
phone  +49 6181 59-12532
fax  +49 6181 59-712532
ask-si@evonik.com
www.evonik.com
TI_1340_1_7_2015.indd 16
This information and any recommendations,
technical or otherwise, are presented in good faith
and believed to be correct as of the date prepared.
Recipients of this information and recommendations
must make their own determination as to its suit-
ability for their purposes. In no event shall Evonik
assume liability for damages or losses of any kind or
nature that result from the use of or reliance upon
this information and recommendations. EVONIK
EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY,
COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT,
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AWARE OF SUCH PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO
ANY INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
PROVIDED. Reference to any trade names used by
other companies is neither a recommendation nor
an endorsement of the corresponding product, and
does not imply that similar products could not be
used. Evonik reserves the right to make any changes
to the information and/or recommendations at any
time, without prior or subsequent notice.
AEROSIL® and AEROXIDE® are registered
trademarks of Evonik Industries or its subsidiaries.
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Evonik Corporation Evonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd.
Business Line Silica Business Line Silica
299 Jefferson Road 3 International Business Park
Parsippany, NJ 07054-0677 #07-18, Nordic European Centre
USA Singapore 609927
TI 1340-1 – JUL15
phone  +1 800 233-8052 phone  +65 6 809-6877
fax  +1 973 929-8502 fax  +65 6 809-6677
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12/10/2015 12:16:39 PM