Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bangalore, Karnataka
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bangalore, Karnataka
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
KRISHNA HANDA
A.E.& C.S. PAVAN COLLEGE OF NURSING,
KOLAR.
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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE- KARNATAKA.
KRISHNA HANDA
W/O SUDHIR KOHLI
1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND # 505/6, SHANTI NAGAR,
ADDRESS NEAR RADHA BALIBH MANDIR,
CIVIL LINE MOGA-142001
PUNJAB.
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5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC:
“A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING
PROGRAMME ON MOTHERS OF UNDER 5 CHILDREN REGARDING
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON THEIMPORTANCEOF
IN SELECTED HOSPITALSIN KOLAR.”
INTRODUCTION
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Play is the key centre of a healthy child’s life. Play provides the
understanding of themselves and others, their ability to communicate with peers and
adults. Play is the business of the childhood, allowing your child free rein to experiment
with the world around him and the emotional world inside him, says Linda Acredolo
understanding of themselves and others, their knowledge of physical world and their
ability to communicate with peers and adults. Play is crusial for your child social,
population. Morbidity rate among them is 35-65% of children population. In the history
of health services of many developing countries their social and health needs were
realized rather later. Now ministry of health in India has focuses attention to provide
better health services to this group because “A healthy child is a sure future” is one of
the themes of WHO. To make the child healthy quality child care is needed. One of the
It is often seems that all children do is play. They play until they are five
or six, then they go off to school and start to learn. They play until they are big enough
to really begins to do things. Play helps children to relax which makes parents to relax 4.
“Play is a child’s work and this is not a trivial pursuit”, says Alfored Adler. Play is
synonyms with being a child and it is the universal language of children. Hospitalization
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to any child is very unpleasant and traumatic experience. The child undergoes break
from his normal routine due to illness but also separated from his peer group and
friends3.
Essential child care needs play therapy should be included with medical
The child care has prime importance, as the mortality and morbidity are
higher in this group. In India the mortality rate under five is 105 per 1000, while in
Japan it is 6 per 1000.(W.H.O.2003) This can be reduced by demonstration, health
education and guidance to the parents and creating awareness and making changes
towards the health care branches.
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It has special importance in the hospital to help sick children to continue to grow and
develop, to preserve their sense of wholeness to understand hospital procedures, and to
act out emotions. The separation of the family during hospitalization cause an anxiety in
the young children and may disturb parent child relationship.
Keyes, Marianne, NewZealand (1991) says in their studies-that all children do play.
Play is vital to life, it is child’s life. During hospitalization child exploring and elevate
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the crisis of hospitalization by play. Play also helps in speedy recovery. The recovery
rate is more in children who got play therapy during their hospitalization. Hospitalized
children require more than recreational play because illness and hospitalization
constitute crisis in child’s life. These situations are fraught with over whelming stresses.
Children need to play out their fear, angers and anxieties as a means of coping with
these stresses. Play also helps temporarily to divert their mind from pain and loneliness.
Mothers play a major role in providing play to children because child feels secure and
confident in mother’s lap.
Dr. Harish chellani, Professor from Safdarjung hospital Delhi (2007) spoke on the
concept, Integrated Management of Neo-natal and Childhood illness at training course
organized by TNAI with collaboration of Common Wealth Secretarial London, he
stressed that the health services should include play therapy with cure therapy for
children1.
Haiat H, Bar-Mor G, Shochat M,(1991) Dina Academic school of Nursing says that
the world of a child is a world of play even in the hospital. Hospitalization to any child
is very unpleasant and traumatic experience. The child’s familiar routine are interpreted,
they are surrounded strange and often frightening people, equipment, sounds, smells.
Opportunity for play and exploration is severely curtailed or non existent10.
` After investigation the research studies , review of literature regarding
importance of play in child’s life the investigator found the need for study.
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unpublished scholarly print materials, audiovisual materials and personal
communications.
to familiarize with the practical issue related to the problem and enable the researcher to
Review of literature related to curtail of play and its effect on under five
Dorthy R.Marlow says that the play helps the children to form concept, classification,
and contrast and compare relationship among objects, cause effect relationship. Concept
Garvey (1984) conducted a study regarding toys and plays and expressed his ideas that
play and play toys develop the ability to represent experience symbolically. They
expressed their ideas and feelings about the social world around. King, 1986 said that
children learn during play to negotiate offensive alternatives and need for defense11.
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Piaget (1962), Bergen (1988) states through their study that children expand their
understandings of themselves and others, their knowledge of physical world and their
ability to communicate with peers and adults. At 9 month infants learn that a ball rolls
away, a rattle make noise. At 12 months objects bring forth more specific and
differentiated actions. By the age of 4 or 5, child’s ideas about the social word initiate
most pretend play. In Toddler, there is growing awareness. They share, communicate,
expresses anger or joy through play.
B. Review of literature related to curtail of play and its effect on under five
children during hospitalization.
Keys, Marianne, (1991) conducted a case study in New Zealand and concluded that
children requiring extensive hospitalization to understand cope with their illness,
treatment and hospital experiences. He conducted a study on three children who have to
stay long time in the hospital for recurrent surgery. The children who participate in play
programmes have three to five years of age. One is 4 years old female who had
congenital problem who requires repeated surgery, the second a boy who need
correction of oesophageal atresia and the third is five years old boy who had congenital
cardiac anomalies. After 11 month, the author evaluated the result. The four years girl
who has attended play therapy during her hospitalization regularly shows speedy
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recovery and healthy growth than the others two who have not attended the play
therapy. This shows that play during hospitalization helps to cure faster than the others15.
Vernon, (1966), Doglas, (1975) Quinton and Rutter, (1976), Golden, (1983) and
Thomson, (1986) did research on role of play in assisting children requiring extensive
hospitalization in Auckland Children’s Hospital. They say that we know that the
experience of being in hospital is itself a major stress for children which are additional
to stress of the illness. Children respond to this stress in varies ways according their age,
personality emotional state and their previous experience in hospital, and the attitude to
those caring for them. Play is the best alternative to cope with stresses16.
Barker (1974), Beuf (1979), Simons, Bradshaw and Silva(1980), Thomson and
Standford (1981) says that it is not surprising that developmental regression is common
and the emotional withdrawl may be adapted as a way of shutting out experiences with
which the child is ill equipped to cope. Play therapy helps them to communicate with
them and cope with emotional hazards17.
Bergan D (1988) states in his study that play is an important part of the care we provide
to the children which allow them acknowledge and deal with their illness and treatment
through play. They keep children occupied, they help them to cope with pain, anxiety
and fear, to make friends to regain skills they have last as a result of their illness and
learn new skills
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C. REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE
OF MOTHERS REGARDING PLAY NEEDS DURING
HOSPITALIZATION.
Dorthy R.Marlow, says, the presence of an adult in the play of toddler facilitates
release of aggression, while helping expression impulses by under control. Guidance
should not inhibit self directed activity. It is important for adults to provide material
which children can explore and adopt in the play.
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shows that art and play has great effect on children under five. They can cope up with
their problems easily through play they become more understandable and confident19.
Calwell 1997) said that adults should identify play which has led to problems for
particular children. They should check materials, equipment for safety. Adult should
make children aware of any hidden risk in physical challenges they set for themselves.
Nursing Clin North Am 1984 Jun,say that play for most hospitalized children centers
around self and stressful situations as perceived by the child and is restricted in terms of
what the environment and physical limitations so the child present. Play can be a tool to
understand and intervene with pediatric patients. Collaboration with nurses who are
clinical specialists, early childhood educators, and others who have expert knowledge of
children and play equipment is useful to plan purposeful play programs or programs or
play sessions for the special need of hospitalized children. Such collaboration will insure
that play will be carried out in consistent growth promoting manner. For some children,
hospitalization is an challenging experience that promotes a sense of competence. For
other children, hospitalization is an experience that results in a negative outcome.
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An American Association Nursing care of children and families, (2000) describes
that, “hospital play is an important part of medical care” 20. Play can really make a
difference-
6.3 OBJECTIVE:
1. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among mothers of under five
3. To find out the association between knowledge, attitude and practice with
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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
1. KNOWLEDGE
In this study knowledge refers to the awareness among mothers of under five children
In this study under child means a child who is less than five years of age.
3. Mothers
In this study a mother means a mother who has child less than five years of age
4. Play needs
In this study importance of play need means creative activities which divert their
5. Practice
In this study practice refers to doing or fulfilling the play needs of children during
hospitalization.
6. Attitude
In this study attitude refers to mother’s tendency to provide play needs to under five
6.4 HYPOTHESIS:
There will be significant difference in pre and post test knowledge score of the mothers
of under five children regarding importance of play needs to children during their
hospitalization.
6.5 ASSUMPTIONS:
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Mothers of under five children have some knowledge regarding importance of
VARIABLES:
Attribute variable : Age, sex ,education, income, occupucation and type of family
7.2.3 Population
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100
Inclusion criteria:
The study includes mother who are having under five children admitted in the
Mother who are willing to participate in the study regarding the importance of
Exclusion Criteria:
.The study excludes mothers who,do not having under five children admitted in
7.2.7 TOOLS:
A structured questionnaire will be used to study the knowledge, attitude and practice
Section-A
Demographic Data
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It consists of variables like age, education, income, occupation and type of family.
Section-B
Knowledge, attitude and practice questions regarding the importance play needs of
By using pre test before giving planned teaching to mothers of under five
children who are hospitalized, will be assessed and administered planned teaching
The study is conducted on mothers of under five children in Selected hospitals in Kolar.
Since it is evaluatory study does not require any intervention.
to the study permission will be obtained from the concerned authorities to conduct the
study and also from research committee of Pavan College of Nursing, Kolar.
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LIST OF REFERENCES
1) Park K, Text Book of Preventive and Social medicine, Bhanot Publications, 2005,
pp-391-398.
6) Singer J., (2000), what is play therapy?, Kid bower, Abstract from Yahoo.
7) Wong D, (1999), Whaley and Wong’s Nursing care of Infants and Children,
C.V.,Moshyco., It. Loues, ed – 6, 1171.
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8) Waechter,(1985), Nursing care of children, J.B.Lippincott.Co., Philadelphia, ed-10,
87-8.
10) ERIC clearing house on Elementary and early childhood education, Urbana, III
abstract from Yahoo.
11) Fernie, David, The nature of children’s play, ERIC digest., Edition 307967-88.
12) Achar, Text book for pediatrics, 3rd edition, 1999. pp-110-115.
13) Phipps R, CSSM and family welfare, Ist edition, 1992, pp32.
14) Haiat H, Bar.Mor G., Shochat M, The world of the child: a world of play even in
hospital., J. Pediatr Nars 2003, June, 18(3) 209-14. Abstract from pubmed.
15) Gottlieb SE, Pornov S., The role of play in a pediatric bone marrow transplantation
unit.,
16) IGNOU, Pediatric Nursing unique press Pvt, Ltd., Ist- 37 sector 4 No.Ida.2001.
17) Tambulwadkar R.S., Pediatric Nursing 2nd edition, Bombay, Vora Medical
Publishers.
18) Marlow R.Dorothy, The text book of Pediatric Nursing, 6th edition, New Dehli.
Elsevier a division of reed Elsevier India Private Limited.
19) Info change India news 2000: Survival and Health Care.
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